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REPORT 



of the 



BOARD OP MANAaEMENT 



United States (Jovernment Exhibit 



COTTON STATES AND INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION 



Atlanta, Georgia, 



1895. 



>ai«Ql«ttM 



Washington, D.C., 
1897. 



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Letter of Transmittal. 

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE, 
Washington, D.C, 

January 7, 1897. 
Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith the report of 
the Board of Management of the exhibit of the United States 
Government at the Cotton States and International Exposition 
held at Atlanta, Georgia, in 1895, 

The Sundry Civil Act approved August 18, 1894, authorized 
"an exhibit by the Government of the United States of such ar- 
ticles and materials as illustrate the function and administra- 
tive faculty of the Government", to be selected by "the heads 
of the Executive Departments, the Smithsonian Institution and 
National Museum, and the United States Fish Commission", and ap* 
propriated |150,000 to pay the expenses of the "selection, pur- 
chase, preparation, transportation, arrangement, safe-keeping, 
exhibition and return" of such articles and materials. An ap- 
propriation of |50 000 was made for a building, 

A building having a total floor area of 58 000 square feet 
was erected under the direction of the Secretary of the Treas- 
ury, at a cost of |49 700. 

An exhibit was made, in accordance with the law, at a 

total cost of ---■ 1138 234.80 

Leaving an unexpended balance of -«--- ■ $ n 765.20 

Total appropriation ^|150 000.00 



♦ Q . (i , fio ;tg ni liasW 

.aniMiiJd X-. m sb-^ OOj Oc% lo noiiaiicio^q 

Jasl 9*ij3upa 000 8g 1q S9t3 " lad-c rxMiud A 

ii J ii 4 -Viyl- ■ ' 'ill tijy'lU i' ' '^ 

oa.i'gs 8e;i|i- ■ -^ - : : ' 

0S,e3'? II I "IO sofslBd bo.brr^qxsajj ns anivssj 

00.000 Oai|-- — ;1U.^>;:.^_ aOi; .vi.xi IB^OT 



The law limited the portion of the above which could be 
expended for clerical services to |10,000, The amount actually 
expended for clerical services was |4,884.01. 

Very respectfully, 





Chairman, Board of MariXg^ment, 
U.S.CrOvernment Exhibit. 



To the President. 



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— .— ri ^ , 



4 



REPORT 

of the « 

Board of Management. 
— 0— 

The exhibit of the United States Government at the 
Atlanta Exposition of 1896 was authorized by the following sec- 
tion in the Sundry Civil Act approved August 18th, 1894: 

Cotton States and International Exposition at Atlanta, 

Georgia, 
Sec,3, For an exhibit by the Government of the United 
States of such articles and materials as illustrate the 
function and administrative faculty of the Government, to 
be made at the Cotton States and International Exposition, 
to be held at Atlanta, Georgia, in the year eighteen hun« 
dred and ninety-five, and for the employment of proper 
persons as officers and assistants by the board of manage- 
ment hereinafter created, and for the maintenance of the 
building hereinafter provided for, and for other contin*. 
gent expenses incidental to the Government exhibit, to be 
approved by the chairman of the board of management and 
by the Secretary of the Treasury upon itemized accounts and 
vouchers, one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, or so 
much thereof as may be necessary, to be disbursed by the 
board of management, of which not exceeding ten thousand 



erii to 

— o~~ 

9x1^ (?s ^^nsmn'^evoe ae^tsctB bactlnU 9ri* lo c^idirlxe 9rIT 
"098 an.twoj;io1 arict \;d Ji)9siiori;tuB aBW 6681 to aosilaoqxSi iiinBlik 
l^Q8l ^di81 iQkj-guk bevoiqq& ^oA ItvlQ xtbauB sri-t nl noii 

tSia&lik i& aoiiiaoqxS. iBnoicJ-jsniac^nl has 39;tB;t8 noJ:toO 

.BJt3'i09TD 
bQilnV Bdi 1c> .trfsrafiievox) 9£[cf Y,d v-tM.tvK9 riB ^o'5 .5,098 

03 ,.tri9mx'it9V0t) sd;i lo xctluoBl 9vx»tBi;J3in;imf)B has noiJonul 

,noJ: ^tiaoqxa iBnoiitantacfnl fons aecfBcTB noJ;}oO erl;t ?b eJbBm ed 

-m/ri nse:tiiai9 '1B9Y 91!:^ ni jBiaioeO «B:rnBl;tA ^b i)X9ri 9d o:t 

igqotq lo ;rn9mY0lqfli9 erlct 'lol baa ,9vil«Yd-9nin bnB beib 

-ggBfiBra lo i)iBod sri* v,d a:tn&iaie.Bii bnB 3i9oillo sh :-^'iO^-'xsq 

Bdi lo soimneSaiam ed$ 'lol bets ^beiseto igcrlBnie^idri i?n9in 

-nJ:;tnoo T9ii;Jo lol bns ,101 b^btvoiq i9:flBni9T9ri ^atbllud 

9d o,t ,:tldi:iixe cfngranievox) Qd;i o.t lB;ta9i)lonl a93n9qx9 ine^ 

ba.& Jn9ffi98B!:iBffi lo bi^od edi lo nBrntiBdo 9f{;^ xd i>8V0*iqqB 

bna ainwoooB basiraeJi noqu yi^8b9iT &di lo v*XB:t9i098 9r(;J xd 

oa 10 ta-iBlIoi) j:)ftB3fjor(:t y^lll briB bQtbnud eno ,at9rioi/ov 

edi x^. bgatifdaii) ed oi tYiBaaeosn 9d ^iBiii as loeT9r{;f douta. 

bnaziJod-J n&S 311x^990x9 ion rfoiriw lo ,^n9m9BB'^Bm lo iJiBod 



dollars shall be expended for clerical services. And to 
secure a complete and harmonious arrangement of said Gov* 
eminent exhibit a board of management shall be created, to 
be charged with the selection, purchase, preparation, 
transportation, arrangement, safe-keeping, exhibition and 
return of such articles and materials as the heads of the 
Executive Departments, the Smithsonian Institution and 
National Museum, and the United States Pish Commission may 
respectively decide shall be embraced in said Government - 
exhibit. The President may also designate additional arti- 
cles for exhibition. Such board shall be composed of one 
member to be detailed by the head of each Executive Depart- 
ment, one by the head of the Smithsonian Institution and 
National Museum, and one by the head of the United States 
Pish Commission, and the President shall name one of said 
members as chairman. 

But the United States shall not in any manner nor 
under any circumstances be liable for any of the acts, 
doings, proceedings, or representations of the said Cotton 
States and International Exposition organized under the 
laws of the State of Georgia, its officers, agents, ser- 
vants, or employees, or any of them, or for the service, 
salaries, labor, or wages of said officers, agents, ser- 
vants, or employees, or any of them, or for any subscrip- 
tions to the capital stock, or for any certificates of 
stock, bonds, mortgages, or obligations of any kind issued 
by said corporation, or for an^r debts, liabilities, or 
expenses incidental to the exposition; Provided , however . 



oi bnk .seoiv-isa iBoi-t sio lol bsbnaqxe sd Ilsria aisllol) 

*«vo{) bxisa to crnsmsanBiiB auoinom'iBxl bns s^slqmoo b eiiroea 

o;f ,i)9;tj39to ad IlBria ctnsmsaBnBm lo l)iBOd & cfidxrixe cfosmnTS 

,nolcfBiBq9iq jaaBiioTijq ^nolioBlea erii rfij iw beaiBrfo sd 

bna noi^idirixa taniqsssC-s'iBs ^ctnsmsanBtiB »noJ:;?B.t'ioqanBt^ 

srfcT lo ai)B8rf ericT aB 3XBii9i?Bm baa 39lDx;tiB doi/a lo n-iuist. 

bii3 noliij:fiianl nBinoeri.lime; erfd- ,asJri9fiicti:Bq9a 9yi.ljjo9xa 

v-sm noiaair-imoO rial-^ asjBJfc: i)6cfxnU 9rl;t bnB ,mx;9ajjM iBnoiiBVl 

inQmn-^.Qvod bisQ ni i)90Bidin9 9d J.lMa ebioeb xlBvl^oeaset 

-..r^'iJ^ l3nOi.:ftbbB &iBn:^ ,^ 'rf.^f;£ ;.. ,^ , ^ : : -9 

sno lo u^^-cLUiiiiyD Bc .LiBUB D'iBOd fio>;a . IXC 1 J idiflx9 -iol aelo 

•^^TCBqsa BJn&uDsxS rfoBS to 6b9£1 ©rl.t ^d bsllsieb ed ocf •>:9dm9m 

f)nB noiJtfjtitanI nBxnoa;i.+ tm?. sdi "io foBrv-c .•net v-q- 9^0 cfnem 

sscTBc^e l)9d-inU 9n:t lo JDBen sricT -^a sao iariB eiiufeajjM iBnoxcfBH 

btBs lo 9no 9mBn IlBda isiebiasifl aricf lins ,noxaaxiMioD dsx'5 

, (-fBiTrf t Brfo aB aisdraeas 
ion -leanBin xnB nJt .ton IlBxia ascfBJS bQiiaXI erlcf cfwe 
tac^oB 9njt "io xns 10I QldslL q6 agonB^Jamuo-sxo a^hb i9Jc)nij 
no;t.:roO foias 9ff* lo anoictB^nsas'iqs-i -^o ^ --.-./v i-.h-;. ^^"1o^g ,aan.£oi) 
arUt lebnu i)93xxiB@io noiJiaoqxa li-snoiiBiris^nl jshb a9;}B:f8 
-laa ,a;tfi9^^B ,at90J:llo aii ^Mtgtoei) '±0 9:fB:t8 edi Ho awBl 
,90iv'tea 9r{,-t lol -fo ,in9ri.t lo ^hb "io ta99^oIq.^if -rr. ^aia&v 
«i9a ^aiaosB »ai9oi."ilo .biBa lo a93BW 10 ,iodxiX ,aeliBlBa 
-qxioadwa ^^hb 'lol 10 ,m9ricf lo y^b to tEi3&y,olqm& 10 ,a:rnBv 
lo a9:fB0Xlx:ti90 y^b 10I 10 ,5ioo:tp, iB^xqBO 9n\+ ol =:-.'vn,;-,t 
l>9.rj8si: hnit ynB lo anoij^axXdo to tSSfjBad'iOffl ,ciijnQd j^Cooi^a 
10 tagxd-xIidBlI ta:td9i) yhb tol to ,nol:?Btoq"foo blsz xd 
^'Jll^l.^ «A?iLiYil?J. J«ox^i8oqx9 Bd:f oi l&inebiont aea.a&qx© 



6 



That all articles which shall be imported from foreign 
countries for the sole purpose of exhibition at said expo- 
sition, upon which there shall be a tariff or customs duty, 
shall be admitted free of payment of duty, customs fees, 
or charges, under such regulation as the Secretary of the 
Treasury shall prescribe; but it shall be lawful at any 
time during the exhibition to sell for delivery at the 
close of the exposition, any goods or property imported 
for and actually on exhibition in the exposition buildings 
or on its grounds, subject to such regulation for the se- 
curity of the revenue and for the collection of import 
duties as the Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe; 
and all such articles when sold or withdrawn for consump- 
tion in the United States, shall be subject to the duty, 
if any, imposed upon such article by the revenue laws in 
force at the date of importation, and all penalties pre- 
scribed by law shall be applied and enforced against such 
articles and against the persons who may be guilty of any 
illegal sale or withdrawal; And provided further . That med- 
als with appropriate devices, emblems, and inscriptions 
commemorative of said Cotton States and International Ex- 
position, and of the awards to be made to exhibitors there- 
at, be prepared at some mint of the United States for the 
board of directors thereof, subject to the provisions of 
the fifty-second section of the coinage Act of eighteen 
hundred and seventy-three, upon the payment of a sum not 
less than the cost thereof; and all the provisions, whether 
penal or otherwise, of said coinage Act against the counter- 
feiting or imitating of coins of the United States shall 



t^ctub amo^auo -ro llciis^' s ed Il^ris aisri^ rioiriw noqjj ,noicrj;£ 
,3S9l aiaoiaijo jY^^^^ "j^o -^rreitfYBq to Beit baSilmba ad Iladz 

^fis ;Jb IjjIwbI sd XIbiIc. >.rd jeditoaaiq Ilarfa YiiraBeiT 

Qdi .tB ^isvilei) lol lisa o.t noxcfidiiixs exi:? aaitul) 9mx;f 

Jb9c^l0gmi ^i:^''i?iqQiq 10 t.-v/..^ vriB ^notiiBQqxs i^di 'to eaolo 

sgaiJbliijd noicTiaoqxs edi ni. nox Jidirixs no x-£lBijJOii fona Tio'i 

-se srt:r -lol nox;t,gljr39i rloua o;t :to9t,dW8 e^iinwoi^ scfi no to 

;}"ioqmJ: lo nOiu ^^^.^loo e*"^' 'c*^ j'^:'-- euaevs'f '^•- ^ '"■<^ '•[^iijjo 

.•adiioaaiq llsds xtijaBe'i'.il i^dJ to ^iBieioeS. euj axi asic^jjJb 

-qmnsnoo 10'i awa-ibdi i'i^ to Mo?, rieriw a9Ioi;f^B rioyg lis Mb 

,^:tyi) 9xi;t oi ioel'l'^-^ '■■■ t<.ocfBcre -^'^r'lU edi ni rioict 

nl awBl 9ua9V9i Qdi vd eLoiiifi noua noqu i>93oqml t^i-^^^ ^i 

-gtq a9i;flBn9q LLb i)n6 ,nci;JB'ctToqffiJ: lo B^&h sdi i^, ootol 

X£\£, lo Y^illus 9cf ,'^Bm ortw anoaioq eni jaxixB^B iJnB aeloiiiB 

«fo9m i-BrfT t i9ii^ipl i)9^xvo'xq hnX ;lBWBiMcriw 10 sIbb iBaellJ; 

aiioijqxioani: bnB ,8meldra9 tssoivei) 9J"BX''.i:qo'tqqB liJxw sIb 

-xS iBHOx^tBaisctnl i)nB a9;tBd-2 nocTcfoO JbxBa 1:o 9 vlitBt 0019x30100 

-9i9ri:f a-f od- id J:r[x9 0^ 9i)Bra 9d ocr abiBWB 9ri-t "xo bnB ,nolcriaoq 

ftK.t -f'll 39vt';.-- bed-iaU sriJ lo cfnxm -"^■•:- ■ ..,w .^^iBqsiq 9d i^B 

'io oiioxaivo'^iq bdd- o^ ;?09(.djja ,'10916x1;^ 3"io;t09Tif) lo biBOd 

ae^id^le lo JoA Qf^^Bnioo sdi lo noxd'0 93 l)noo9s-Y^^i^ srf^t 

I9dcr»iiw «anoi3i:¥0"T[q ori;^ iiB iJiiB ^io9'i94J ;taoo aii;^ HBri? aasX 

tQiauQQ sridf JaniBaB cToA ©aBnioo bisa lo tsalwtgfl:?© to iBnaq 

IlBda ^eiBi?4 b^ilaM 9riJ lo siiic ^ "o gniiB^lmx to gnicfi9l 



apply to the medals struck and issued under this Section, 
For taking dcwn the Government main building erected 
for the Government exhibit at the World's Columbian Expo- 
sition, and its transportation, or so much of the material 
thereof as may be available, and its re-erection upon the 
site selected for the said Cotton States and International 
Exposition, including the purchase of such new material as 
may be found necessary, fifty thousand dollars, or so much 
thereof as may be necessary, to be disbursed by the Secre- 
tary of the Treasury; Provided , That if it be found im- 
practicable to take down, transport, and re-erect said 
building for the sum herein appropriated, then the Secre»- 
tary of the Treasury shall cause a new building to be e*** 
rected upon said site of the Cotton States and Interna- 
tional Exposition for the Government exhibit, at a cost 
not to exceed fifty thousand dollars, for which purpose 
the amount herein appropriated is hereby made available; 
Provided always . That the United States shall iri no man- 
ner and under no circumstances be liable for any bond, 
debt, contract, expenditure, expense, or liability of 
any kind whatever of the said Cotton States and Interna- 
tional Exposition, its officers, agents, servants, or em- 
ployees, or incident to or growing out of said Exposition, 
^^j^, nor for any amount whatever in excess of the one hundred 
and fifty thousand dollars and of the fifty thousand dol- 
lars herein authorized; and the heads of the Executive De- 
partments, the Smithsonian Institution and National Museum, 
and the United States Fish Commission, and the board of 



,if:. 



-oqxa nBidmwIoO a*bI'io\? anJ ;Jxi jxdxiix& ;^n9infl"t8V0r) ©rid 'tol 
iBl'i&iim. &di lo rioura oa -xo , no iJ-scT'xoqanBtct a;ti Jons ,noi;ti:a 

1.3110 i?i>fii0cnl iiiu-j s9,;riicro noJcToD bi^a su^ 'lol weoaelds &;Jla 

aB XBiic9;tBffi wen tloua "io aaBrfofuq 9rf;f ;sfiil)j;jXoni ,noxJi3oqxa 

flouiH 03 10 ^Bi£illob f.r-rsa-ror'.^ •/.t'^.i: : , „ .^aaeosn linuol ad Y-sm 

~8ios8 sxi;? -^d Dsaiudaiij ecJ oi iT^-iijaaQoeii 9d "^Bra as loeiedi 

^mi bmiol od ji 1i JjSflT tiisJ oivoi*? ,•Y*IwaB9^T 9r{:t lo Y'iB^ 

biBa (toete-©-^: ^»mb ^^tTOqanBicf ,nvTOi) 92lB:t oct 9ldBoicfOBiq 

«9i098 s.lcr fisii^ ,i3£»:rBiiqo'iqqB nisierf ratra eiid' "fo!t sniMJtud 

-s ad Qi anibliud W9n b aa.ffBO IlBria x'^jsb&ix qlU lo v^iBCt 

*-Bni'S;tnI IVTB •'--'■=>-+i^,t'^ rral:^on ^K,t lo 9;tia fotn:-:: norjir nA.t';c,-,- 

;t30o B jB ^ciCxnivo :rn£iiia'i9voO ario ■ ;' aoiJiaoqxS Lssnoti 
aao'nfjq rfoiiiw lol ,aiBlIoJb bnBanorl;t x3 oeoxe on 

«nBffi on ni liBfiS ayJB;:r2 ;:;S';tinU 6.:;J dBrtl' ta'y;BwiB i>G:. .l.vo-iI 

tbnod Yfis "sol sIdBxI 9d a9onB;taniijOTio on •sebnu bnB len 

lo \itli6.stl "10 ^sanaqxa ^ 9-iu;Mb/>-ftiT>rp. ^.toB'tc^noo ^^cf^^ 

-Bniscrnj. Ijcb a9:^Bw8 ao^^toO bXBS sxl-^ lo ^ieveiBdw bni^i y-^^-s 

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betunun &no eri.-t lo aaao/is ni isvectBxijy jfauoxaB yob 'lol ion 

••lob bnBajrori:^ \ittt sri;? lo bnB aiBlIob bnaauoxfi ^;tlil bfiB 

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tHiifsauM iBiTOijBi'i jifiB noxjifjiusni axiiiiosnaxxriS i>no; ,3;Jn9inifiBq 

lo btBod edi briB tnoiaaxniffioO rlax'3: a9:rB;J8 bed'inU edi bnB 



8 



management herein authorized, their officers, agents, 
servants, or employees, shall in no manner and under no 
circumstances expend, or create any liability of any kind 
for, any sum in excess of the appropriations herein made, 
or create any deficiency* 

ORGAKIZATION OF THE BOARD. 
An appropriation of |150,000, intended to cover the 
entire cost of "selection, purchase, preparation, transporta« 
tion, arrangement, safe-keeping, exhibition and return" of an 
exhibit representing the functions of the ten great departments 
of the Sovernment at an exposition extending over a period of 
three and a half months and located nearly seven hundred miles' " 
from the seat of Government, seemed at first totally inadequate, 
especially following so soon after the great Columbian Exposi- 
tion at Chicago, where the National Qovernment appropriated 
nearly $1,000,000 for an exhibit by the same ten departments. 
The conditions, however, were different. Experience had been 
gained at Chicago and other expositions that would avail much 
in planning another exhibit, and several departments that had 
made extensive preparations for the Chicago Exposition still 
found their material available; all of which made it possible 
to provide a large number of exhibits with only the slight ex« 

pense of making a few necessary repairs. Again, experiments 

■'■■iri%i.of< on 

were no longer necessary to any extent and much time and money 

were thus saved by being able to carefully plan all details in 

the beginning and have them comply with every requirement in 

the end. 

In compliance with law, the head of each executive 

department, the Smithsonian Institution and National Museum, 



on -iebnis Mb ismiBm on nl IIb/Is .aeevolqme 'lo .aiiiBVisa 
bnU. xnB to Ycfilidsil xns siBsio lo.fonecrxe 8eorr3.tsmcrr,'.,ro 

♦ Njoneioilei) yhb scfjss-to to 

.SHAOa SKT TO PiOITASIT^OHO 
3ri;t 19V00 o;? ijsi)n9;tnx ,000,Oaii 1o noi^Bi-cgoiaqB nA 

nB 10 «rni..cisi Dhb aoiiidlrixe ,anxqssjI-9lBc; .^frefflssHB-iiB .noicT 
Bcrn9m;tiBqei) cTBs-ia ne;t aii;? lo anol^onul srif Bni.tnsas-fqs-f :rMi/tx© 
lo i)oii9q B 19V0 sniLns^xs noi.; . ,. .,^..^ ,:., ,^ jneinfi-isvoi) srlJ lo 
aelim beibnnrl nevea yI-^bso I>9^boo1 Mb ariinom llarf b Mb se-jri^r 
.BiBupebBnl xHb^o^ ia^n 3b hemeea ,in&mtt'ievo{) lo ;M^aa sricf mo-fl 
-iaoqxa /TBidmifloO ctBe'fg sacf tscTlB nooa oa sniwox^oi ^liBioeqae 
i>s;jBx-xqoiqqB inesm^QYOi) IsnoiisVl arii e^sdw ,oaBolffO cTb noii 
.aitnsmcfiBqsi! necf acfiBS edj x6 cTldirfxs ptb -^lol 000,000,11; ~rXi^^n 
nssd i)Bri eoneiisqxS .ctae'isllii) sie,. , ..^vywuii ,atioij iidhoo urio: 
noi/m liBVB Mwow cTBrlct afiolcriaoqxs lerfcto Mb oaBOiriO Jb f)8niB8 
bBd isrlS aSn&mi-isqeb Ibi9V93 i)nB (^-idirrxf^ -rerf^onB :q(tinr-BXa ni 
Ilicta nolcfiaoqxS, oaBo^^-'^ ^jdi lol ano... .v^nqe-q svxansjxs sDBm 
©Idlaaoq il Qbsm rioirfw io 11b jelcfBliBVB laiiectBin iJtericf Muol 
-X9 ^tdgila silcr YlfiO ricfiw a.ticfir{x9 lo 'isdmjjn eair,! b obtvotq oi 
a^nsmlTeqxe ,niBaA .a-siBqe-r Y-^Baeeoan vvsl b ani:te£ti 'lo sansq 
Y©rfom Mb emi^^ rfoum Lhb ^•n9;txB ^hb o;f TjTBeaeoan fegnol on eiew 
ax 8liB^9i) S.IB nsLq Ylii.-'isiBO 0,7 eldB gnied ^id DsvBa aurf.- t)isw 
ai ^nernefiups-^ ^n^ve r^rw Ylqirioo imrii evBii i.riB snxnnlsed eri^T 

.M& 9ri^ 
©vl^uoexe rioBS Io Meri &di ,wbI ricT iw eonBlIqmoo nl 
,miseam Ibhox^bM Mb noi:ri.MUanl nBinoari;tim8 9rf;t t^fnsm^f-XBqoi) 



ii 



and the United States Fish Commission, promptly detailed a rep- 
resentative on the Board of Management, The ten members thus 
designated were as follows: 

Edward I.Renick, Chief Clerk, Department of State, 

Charles E, Kemper, Chief Executive Officer, Super- 

vising Architect's Office, 
Treasury Department, 

Capt. Thos. H. Barry, U. S,A. , War Department, 

Comradr.Chas. J, Train, U.S.N,, Navy Department. 

Kerr Craige, Third Assistant Postmaster-Gener- 

al, Postoffice Department, 

P.W.Clarke, Chief Chemist, Geological Survey, 

Department of the Interior, 

Frank Strong, General Agent, Department of Just- 

ice, 

Charles W,Dabney, Jr. , Assistant Secretary, Department 

of Agriculture, 

G.Brown Goode, Assistant Secretary Smithsonian 

Institution, in charge of Na- 
tional Museum, 

Tarleton H.Bean, Assistant in charge Division of 

Fish Culture, Commission of 
Fish and Fisheries, 

The President named Dr, Charles W,Dabney, Jr,, Chair- 
man of this Board, 

On May 1, 1895, Dr. Bean retired from public service 
and was succeeded by Mr,W.deC.Ravenel in both positions thus 
vacated. At the call of the Chairman the Board met for organi- 
zation on September 27, 1894, Mr, W.I, Adams was elected Secre- 
tary and Disbursing Officer and was subsequently appointed Spec- 
ial Disbursing Agent by the Secretary of the Treasury, furnish- 
ing bonds in the sum of Ten Thousand Dollars, and was also ap- 
pointed Custodian of buildings and property. 



'-qui s J)8li:^vt0i3 ^Hqmo-^q ,noi aainitnoO rfaJfe: QBisSQ bBftaXl erij- has 
Quiii QtBdmsm nai &dT ,in&rh&^3nBM lo hnsoE sricf no svi+F^^nsset 

:awoIio'5: sb eiew i)ft.-tBn§le9i) 

• d-nsracTijBqeG T^ua&etT 

^iaemviBqea ibW , .A.8.U,X'iiBS.H.aorfT ^iq&O 

.d-nsm^isqsa mvbW ,.I'T.a.U,^is1T.X,.eBf{0.^i^maIO0 

-iGnsn-i^;fBBm;Jso1 ;rnB;te.t3aA b-nixiT fS-glAtO -iis]^ 

..tneraJ'^'.sqsO'. eoitlo^gol ^Ib 

^'wl'xaial ari;t lo cl'nsm;t'SBqeCE 

,9ijj^IuoiigA lo 

fiBinoaiictimS Y"f^*s*io9a JnB^aiasA ,of)OoC nwoiS.© 

♦ nursawM lBnoi;t 

lo noiaiviG ea^Brio nl ctnBcTsiaaA ,nB9a,H nocTeliBT 

lo noiaalmmoO ,e'iwJIuO rfai'? 

»a8iit5xiaJ:'5 I^^rJR r^-?, t'? 

"liBrfO ,»':ll, jYsndBCW asii-sriiMa i3SiflBn in&biBB'iH 9riT 

.fciBofi axficf lo nsm 

eoiyi:ep, DXicfrjn nio-;'?: foG-xj::^^'? rtBSf^.tCI ,^681 ,1 Y-SM nO 

ajjnj onoi-jiaoq ruoa iii J.6^&vBH.08i),W.^K ^^d bei^eeooua asw boB 

"JtnBg'iO lot cfsm b-iBoS 9fi;J nBffi"tiBfiO edi 1:o IIbo 9ri:t :^A ^beSBOsv 

-01098 bsioBle sbw ^mB^A^I^W.-^i ..-'ibi ^VS ladme^tqsB no nol;tfls 

-osqs neiLiLoqqB \lSneL'P33diJE. aaw jjnB leoillO Qniaiudsia baa \isi 

-rfainiijl ,"\ciJJaBeiT 9fi;t to Y'XBctgiosS eii;f xd cTnsaA gnieiudaicr IbI 

■«qB osiB 3BW bn& ^ciBilod Jb/i.sai;oriT itaT lo irars 9K:t nJ- aJbncrf -r^ni 

.Y-'fsqoiq X)ri^ asnii).. .iBlbC2<^uD b&inioq 



10 



The following coinmlttees were duly elected to super- 
vise the details of important divisions of work: 
Executive Committee: 

Charles W.Dabney Jr., ex officio Chairman, 

(j, Brown Goode, 

P.W.Clarke, 

E.I.Renick, 

C.J. Train. 

Committee on Allotments: 

F.W.Clarke, Chairman, 
Charles W.Dabney, Jr, 
E.I.Renick. 



Committee on Installation and Decoration 

G.J. Train, Chairman, 
G.Brown Goode, 
P.W.Clarke. 



Committee on By-laws: 

;^, G.Brown Goode, Chairman, 
P.W.Clarke, 
T.H.Bean. 

The committee on by-laws submitted its report which 
*as unanimously adopted, and is as follows: 

BY-LAWS . 
1.- Officers. 

The officers of the Board shall be a chairman, a secretary 
and disbursing officer, and an executive committee. 
,, ,, ,, 2.- Duties of Chairman. 

The chairman shall preside at the meetings and approve 
vouchers, as required by law. He shall control the expenditures 
of the BoarcJ^^^o far as may be necessary to prevent any deficits; 
and all funds required by members of the Board shall be obtained 
by requisition, subject to his approval. 



:3liow lo enoiaivxb uni>;tioqmi: lo sliiii:^©b sri:^ 98 iv 

^nem'flBriO oJ:oi1-l£X9 ,.-iL vjancJisd.W s^I'tBxiO 

, sfoooO nwoiS ,-0 

.nt6'iT.T,.0 

. g.-tr'CT. + o r ^^ ao S9:t:f ic'jnoO 

.jIolxieH.I.S 






,nj399.K.T 



:awolIo'5: eb ai i)ns ^beiqob£i \lBuomi£iBau bbw 

.gT90mO -.1 

.98:J;;irnmoo 9Vx:tuosx9 hb bne ,i8oil1:o gjniaiTJcfEi:!) i)nB 

. fiBir."'- ^ ' - '^' to 2 8 1 :f Lll - . S 

avoiqqs l)nB 83ni:J98ra 9ilit :tB ei)iB«^'iq llBds nsmtlBdo 9r{T 
a8ti/:ribn9qx9 adi Ictiaoo ll&cia sH .wbI ^£cf beiJCJJpei as ,8ierIouov 
;a;tioJ:'l9i} xns ;tiie'=-'-"- ^ "• '--^ssasosn 9d ^Bm bb ib1 oa MsofT arfc^ lo 
bsnxBCtdo 9d ilBfla jj'iBOd en:; lo aisdmsm ^d be-iiupei abniJi liB i3nB 

.iBvoiqq-B aid oi ^08tdiJ8 »noi ^xsiupei ^cf 



11 



The chairman shall appoint all persons employed by the 
Board; but in the case of employes to be engaged in the work of 
any special department, only upon the recommendation of the 
representative of that department. 

3«- Duties of Secretary and Disbursing Officer. 
The secretary shall keep the records of the meetings of 
the Board, and conduct its correspondence under the direction 
of the chairman. He shall also act as disbursing officer, and 
perform such other duties as may be assigned to him by the 
chairman. 

4,- Duties of Executive Committee. 
The executive committee, of which the chairman of the Board 
shall be chairman ex officio , shall be elected by the Board, and 
any vacancies shall be filled by election. The committee shall 
act upon matters of urgent business in the intervals between 
the meetings of the Board, and their action shall be binding 
upon the Board until its next meeting, and until then only, un- 
less at that meeting approved and sanctioned, 

5,« Meetings. 
Meetings shall be held at least once a month upon the call 
of the chairman. It shall be the duty of the chairman to call 
a special meeting upon the request, in writing, of three mem- 
bers of the Board. 

Through the courtesy of the Director of the Geologic- 
al Survey, office room was granted the Board gratuitously until 
December 1, 1894, when two rooms were rented elsewhere in the 



erii vd be^olqine anoaieq 11b ialoqci' ia nsKrii^rio eriT 

..tfiem:H£qeb d£. .•l,tB?n©3 9'iqsi 

lo ggni^teeai eii^r to gbioost 8ri;t qss:?^ XlBiis v^fBCTsioee &r^T 

has ,-i80.ctio j^nia-^udaiJb sb ^ob 03lB XlBris sR .n.£imiiBrio 9ri;? lo 
sxi^ Tjd miri o;f ben^iaa& ed '^sin as a9J:^0Jb isd^o riowa intolieq 

nsswcted aXBVie^nx wii;^ ni saanxeud ^tnsjjiiJ "lo s'iei:iBai fioqn ^ois 
3ni£)n:id ed IlBrfa noxc^oB Txaii;^ £)nB jibiBoS enct lo asnjt^aftm sri;? 

♦ agriic^esM -.S 
XX.sn 9rf,+ fo^sr rCtrrofn b ©nno .tsBeX :fB bXsri sd IXBde agnlcfesM 

.feiBoH srI? lo 81 sd 

-ol30Xo9€ Qiis lo lOcToGiid edct lo xes-ituoo arf^ rigI^o^rfT 

li^tnxr i5XEJro;riij;fBiS MboH enJ fc9;fnBi^ sbw mooi eoltto ^\6Y^ii?. L& 



12 



city of Washington at $40 per month. They were retained as such 
until the office was transferred to Atlanta on August 5th, A.f« 
ter the exhibits were re-shipped from Atlanta the office of the 
Board was established in rooms at the Agricultural Museum in 
Washington, and on May T,"''1896, the office was abolished. 

THE GOVERNMENT BUILDING. 

The original plans for the building to be constructed 
for containing the Government Exhibit, as prepared in the of- 
fice of the Supervising Architect, represented a building 260 
by 180 feet inside measurement, and bids were solicited on that 
basis. When opened and compared the lowest bid was $27,446,00 
or a little more than half the amount authorized for the pur- 
pose. The Board, therefore, requested the Supervising Architect 
to submit plans for an annex, and the building was finally in- 
creased by an addition to the centre of the north side, 80 feet 
on the north and 140 feet east and west, thus providing 11,200 
feet additional space, or a total floor area of 58,000 square 
feet. 

The building was, on account of its location and size, 
the most prominent architectural feature of the Exposition, and 
for its admirable design and satisfactory completion credit is 
due to the office of the Supervising Architect, Treasury Depart- 
ment, 

The surface occupied by the building, exterior meas- 
urement, represented an area of 60,360 square feet, and as the 
$50,000 appropriated for the construction of the building was 
expended with the exception of fSOO, the cost per foot of total 
area was eighty- tv/o cents. 



ai mjJ93L'M LBtuiluott.7\A Bdf is a.roo-r ^x narfaildBaaa 3bw b-r.ecS 
♦ berioxxo^iB 3.SW tji.. '.^d^ ,d^dj_ ^i xaM no Idhb tnoci-gnxnas^V 

.oinajiua TPtaMMavoo an? 

;?Bri:t no boSLoiloz etew s-bid i)n^ tin.eiii3-iUQaem ebiaai :?'09'i 081 ^d 

OC-BM^tTSl aj3W bid ^se^Tol '=>'^:t beT^igrtoo bn^zi l)9n9qo nsrfW ,3.taBd 

-TL'q sdcf "lol bssiiorid'.i.o i.jki j.,;ji. '.<nj ij^i:,n. iijsdi sioni al>t;txX a "1:0 

toecfirtoiA antalAnaqug edit Bsctssupei tStolsiarid' ,6iBoa edT ,aeoq 
"xil yXIb-^J:! sbw gnlMiwd 9d* brf.'=? ,xerfnB ns -fo*i ?^r!i5lq timdu?! oJ 

0G2, il anii^ivotq surt.-t jJaew bne iz&e ieet 0^1 Ms riJ^o^ edi no 
stBups 000^86 lo BQiB lOQlt IbcToJ- .iJi fo ,30Bq3 iBnoid'ifofoB :ts8l 

tssia bnB noiiBOoL zit lo :rnyo.'>os no ,aBw arriBIlud orfT 

i5nB tHoiiiaoqxS sd:* I0 siiTJael iB-sjj^oscMdoiB iaBn^mcrq isom sd) 

'■'- ■-'^■^■^'■'i: '"- j..;ijui.-:": vio^^-'jiia.uJ'Ba &nB nj.' ■:■ ^" "". •" 3:H 10I 

-itiBqeCI ^iiJJ8B8'i'r ,109.^idotA aniaiviaquB edj io soiito 9ri;^ 0^ sjji) 

9d.t aB bna ,^s8l etBupa Odfi<Od lo b9*ib hb bajneaaiqei ^ctnsmsiu 

SBW ^nibliud odi Io aolioiriiaaoo edi tol fte:fBxtqoiqqB 000,05$ 

lB,toa( Io iooi 'it^q •:*■.- • ' - .005$ Io noi Jqeo.^.;-,' -^uj n./ j.w he&.naqxs 

.sJaoo ow^-'\j;j-d§i8 aBW bsib 



13 



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14 



The extreme dimensions of the main building were 181 
feet by 261 feet, and of the annex or rear wing, 80 feet by 
141 feet. Height from main floor to roof of one-story portion, 
25 feet; height from main floor to top of main clere story 
roof 63 feet; height fran main floor to deck of lantern sur- 
mounting central tower, 108 feet. 

The structure of exterior from footings to apex was 
long leaf yellow pine, and cast iron and steel were used in 
combination with wood for the large trusses of the main roof 
and for tie-rods and anchors. The footings were proportioned 
to bring a pressure of three tons per square foot on the soil, 
and the floors were constructed to carry 200 pounds per square 
foot. All material where exposed on the interior of the build- 
ing was dressed and finished with a coat of linseed oil. 

Numerous ladders, fixed and portable, were provided 
for use in case of fire and other emergencies, and the ridges 
of the roof were formed of 10-inch planks to afford a safe foot- 
ing for firemen and others. 

An abundance of light was secured through numerous 
large windows, the sash in which were movable for purposes of 
ventilation. 

Many flag poles were so placed as to be of easy ac- 
cess, and, being of different lengths, were well fitted for the 
display of flags of different sizes. 

On the main roof, south front, was constructed a plat- 
form to accomodate the Time Ball which formed a portion of the 
Navy Department exhibit, and this platform was also used for 
the instruments of the Weather Bureau in making daily observa- 
tions. 



X3I e-^^"^ --'r - 

X<i j'es'i Ob tSiiiw i^st io Kennm aria lo bnB ,i99t IdS y<^ ^eel 
tnoicT'soq vfo^a-eno lo loo-i ocT looll ax sm moil ;trfais' .^Jeel I^I 

-ti/a n-ieon.Bj[ lo losi) oi foolt niBm cjo^l >r rial eri ;je9l 5d "iooi 

.0 96^. 801 «'f9Wo^ Ij3'i;tn80 sni;fnjJOin 
■^.i"*':sr X9qi3 Oct 8gn-£.toot nto'fl 'xoxTsj-xe lo 9'vw;toiri^a srlT 

ni .b98w 919W l99:ta has aoii .tsBO La.^ tSniq woXlsx IbqI gnol 

looi nism Bds Io saaauic* ?>?^*tsl Bfi^ -^lol -Jboow ri^txw noiuj^jnidcioo 

l5enoi.7-ioqo'fq f>- ^r '^^^iric'c v . i..,. , i-ioffo;f ..^ brB aboi-ei:} lol dhb 

,Ii03 9f{cf no iool aiBJjpa *i9q aaod- ee^riJ Io 9*t!jaa9'j:q 3 gnjnd oi 

eisupE -isq abniroq 002 xii&c. oi bQioimi&aoo stew atool^ edi bna 

-blind Si^" ^'o -'^■' ^-^e^ni e.K:? no foeaoqxo aiariw I^i-fe;tara IIA .-itool 

.iio £)993nil Io jsoo ii d^tiw iserisinil bns bQasstb saw gni 

f)9bivo*sq 9'iew t9ldB;ttoq bna £)9xx1 tRiftfihal BUO'taaitsVl 

asg.of-'" ■■^■'-' n-^-^ ^ 39 io 093191119 isd^i^ ./-,. -.a. ^ ^o aa^o ni bbu tol 

-(tool 0I iie B JjiollB 0^ ajlnslq rioni-OI "io bemiol 9-{9w looi 9ri.t Io 

,3'X9rioO fon^ ngmetil 10I ^nJt 
Quotemun i-r^iso'idi botuoea sbw ^triail 'to eoiiBbnudB oA. 
'io ssaoq-tuq tol aid avoir 9''i9wr rfoiiiw ni ffaaa erf;? tswobriiw 93131 

,noid"sIi;Jn9V 
-OB \^aB9 Io 9d o;t 3^ beoBlq 0:. ., ssloq ^Blt yhbM 

9il;l 10I i)9.tlil ll9w 9'isw ,3ri:tjin9i <i-ii9T:9lliJb "io gni; 9d ^bnB ^aeso 

.89SX2 Ctn919llil5 to 83-31'! lo ^Blqstfo 
~;fi5lq £i foatoiJicfanoo asw ,:Jnoi"i ri;ti/os jl.-^- ■" -^^"^ ■^ -■'■'- ntO 

9rI;J "io noiJ-ioq ja baflnol rfoiriw IIbS smii arij eJiibomoooB o;t xntol 

lol bean oqIb sbw cnoltsfjslq ai:ii:J bn.B t^'^<tcfif{x9 ;rn9ifl.:^*TBq9(I vvsK 

-Bvi9ado Y,lLsib gnj ■■'■■■ '^'- :ii uaetisR tedi B9lf edS 'io ad'Hsmf"' ■^•-^-■x -di 

,Baoli 



15 



The lantern surmounting the central tower was easy 
of access, and afforded a complete view of the exposition ground 
and an effective location for the search light, which was used 
on nights of special fetes. 

The Ixposition authorities bore all expense of pre- 
paring the building for water and sewage, wiring the building 
for arc lights in the offices and the aquarium, and furnished 
water and electrical current for lights and motive power, free 
of charge to the Board. -^a* 

The cost of installation of 300 electric lights on 
the exterior of the building for illuminating at night, con- 
forming in this respect to all buildings of the exposition, was 
paid from the building fund at |2,50 per light. This was the 
only expense either to the building fund or the appropriation 
for the exhibit, on account of electric installation or cur- 
rent. 

The problem of heating the offices in the Grovernment 
building as the weather became cold in November, was a serious 
one. It was proposed to use coal stoves and also oil heaters, 
but both were deemed unsafe, and it was finally decided to use 
gas. Each office was supplied with one or more large heaters, 
and piping was connected from the gas main and extended around 
the inside of the building in such a manner as to be unnot ice- 
able, and the method proved highly satisfactory. 

While the building was of a temporary character, it 
was constructed in a thoroughly substantial manner, so that no 
life of the many thousands who visited it, and none of the f? 
valuable exhibits housed therein, should be imperiled. Accom"* 
panying this report is a ground plan of the building, showing 



beau i"n iiiw ^^J^il^il rfoTBsa 9ti;t loi rfn-^KOoi svid-oell^ '"''■i «^!fR 

• aGJt;i iBioeqa lo Bzrxl^in no 
-9iq 1o sanaqxe lis 9i;od asiixiodituB noiiJiaoqxI sriT 

l)eriain"'i.ui DnB ,ffluJ:iBi/pB &di bn& asoillo orf;J ni aJriaii oib toI 
9911 ^tsv/oq 9vl:f0ffl bnB sc^rlgil icvl ^n9tiuo lB0it:t09X9 bus isJbw 

,.bii50fl sr^j- Oo 9-^tBdo I'O 
no a^triail oiiitoole OOS 1o noi obI I i$ct an i "io Jaoo eriT 
•■*aoo t origin ;tB gnicf Bnirai/IIi toI 3nii)ll:jjd arlJ lo tol'^eixe arii 
asw ,noi cfraoaxc erf;? J,o stiniftllirrf IliV, at ;?06qxn: p.sd^ nJt gnlnnol 

noiiBiiqo'iqqB sdd 10 bniJl gniMiud &di oi tsdile 9an9qx9 xlno 
-lijo '10 iioliBllBiBnl o.ti.-t09.£9 lo J-niJODOB no »:Mdir{x9 erfct tol 

insraniQvo© 9fi;t ni: asoillo sricT anliJBari lo rasldo-^q eriT 
ajjoiisa s 3BW ^tadniavoTf rti bloo 9rtiB0 9d *tfir{-1- sfi\7 sr(.-t bb ^nibltisd 
t3T9:rB8ri iio oalB ohb 39vo:ta Iboo 931; oi iLi.9cioqo-iq aBv*' Ji ,eno 
93U o^■r bsbioeb x^^^^^^'^ saw ji ijns ^glBaajj l)9ra99i) 9t9W dctod cfifd 
ea'!:9;jB9ri 93131 eiom 'lo srto rl.tlw bsilqqira bbw ssillo d'osS .aBQ 
fonuoiB b9bn9;tX9 rms nism sbq 9ria mc/il xigjosnnoo aBW Qiiiqiq dhb 
-90i;?onnir 9d 0^ sb *T9anBra b dvoua ni :^nibLlii<i edi lo 9i)ianJ: 9d;t 
• Y'^o.lOBlalctBa vIrf:Qid ijsvoiq bod* 9m srist brrB t^-i*^^ 

31 etgcfoBiBrio Y^Bioqm9it B 'to aBW ^aibLliJid ' sIJ:ff.V 
on iadi os ,i9nnBai iBiitnBcfadija Y-trisuoiOfiJ b ni i)9ioj:n;tanoo aBW 
9ri.:t Ic snon bna f^il bs^tiaiv oriw abnBanod:^ ■^(iBm srfi lo elil 
-raonoA .Jbsliigqjni 9d bluoda jnieisdo bsauod aJidxrixg old&ulav 

Sniworia ,anibllud edi lo iiBlq bnuots -s si ^loqgi airict ani-^nBq 



16 



the distribution of space to the several departments of the 

•«• ' ,. 
Government, 

ALLOTMENT OP SPACE. 

.^4 The main aisles through the centre of the building, 

running e,§.j^t and west and north a,nd south, were uniformly 20 
feet wide, and subordinate aisles running around the main por- 
tion of the building about twenty feet from the walls were 12 
f,e,et wi^e, with the exception of the aisle through the Pish Com" 
mission space, which, on account of the 12 foot space through 
the grotto in which the aquarium was located, was only 8 feet 
wld^..^ The space allotted to each Department,, including all pas« 
sages except .the main aisles as above stated, was as follows: 
Department of State, 800 feet 

Tre^a^ury Department, 4800 " 

War Department, 4800 *♦ 

Navy Department, 4800 " 

Postoffice Department, 2156 " 

Department of the Interior, 6400 " 

Department of Justice, 800 " 

Department of Agriculture, 8000 *» 

Smithsonian Institution and 

National Museum, 7444 " 

U.S. Pish Commission, 8000 " 

Main aisles, 10000 •• 



the I 



Total floor space, 58000 •» 



At the dividing lines between exhibit spaces allotted 
to departments, strong partitions were constructed uniformly 12 
feet in height; thus affording excellent wall space that could 



.aOA^S "50 TPISMTOJJA 
tSniiiliiid sdi lo s-xcrnao arid" daijonrid' asXaxB niara 8riT 

«ioq ai&m aricf ibnuoiB aninnm asIaiB Q'JBnib-iodiJa i>n.Q «©i>i:w ies'i 

SI Slew allBW erf:? atc-il cTeal: vJnQyvi inodB gniMind sxi^ lo no id' 

-moO flai'5 edd xiauo'iii.l elais edi lo noi:tq9ox6 9ii^ rictJtw ,ei3i«' ooeA 

figwofrfcf soBQE dool 21 srfct lo cfniJOooB no ,iioliiw ,90Bqa noiaaim 

cf.99l 3 -^jlno 3BW ,I)9:?B00l aBW mui-^BtipB 9rl^ doldvf at o;toOis 9^^ 

<»p.Bq, JIlB snJ:i)cjIo;U ,^iiem.1 '■iBqeQ rfo.f;© o;t be^^^^oIlB soBqs ariT ,6ii)j:w 

rswoilol 3B aBw jl>9lj3^a evod^ qb asIaiB alsm sdi ;t.q8GX9 aegBs 

iQsJ. 008 t8JB;t8 lo jn9m;J-fBqsG 

" 008:^ ,cf rfeOTt-tBqe''I Tra-rsBeiT 



« 008^ 

^ 0081^ 

" aeis 

'^ 008 

« 0008 

" 0008 

" 0008? 



^irt&mit&qad ibW 

, j'n9md'n:Bq9(T •••■• 'zYlo^zo^L 
,f0i;i9d'nl 9rid lo o'tiaiKCfiBqeQ: 

,90id'a;jX, lo ^n9m;tT:Bq9CI 

t&tuiluolt^ lo .i+n sm^iBqsd 

baa noi^Uvtidanl nBinosrid-imS 

,noJ:aairamoO liai'^.B.U 
,a9laJ:B niBM 
. ,90Bq3 looll iB^toT 



l)9cf.toIlB ar3nBqa ■I'idt '-rx^ naewd'gd ar-'*'- " ,a-^^-cviJb edi JA 
SI Ylmtolinu Jb8ioi;'i:?anoa 9'iew anoi Jicf-i.sq gnoi^Ja ,3d /^amdriBqai) o:t 
fcluoo iads eoBqa IIbw .tn9ll90X9 aniiitollB sud^i j ^rigi ed ni ;f99l 



17 



not otherwise have been obtained, for hanging maps and portraits. 
This added greatly to the finished appearance of each depart- 
mental exhibit. 

No provision was made for exhibit space in galleries, 
experience at past expositions having shown that it is a waste 
of time and money to install exhibits where the visitor must 
ascend stairs to look at them, 

^ 'Offices were located as indicated on plan, and ad- 
ditional office space was obtained in the open galleries over 
the main entrance to the building. The offices of the Board 
were located over the South entrance; the offices of the De- 
partments of the Interior, Agriculture, and Smithsonian Insti- 
tution and National Museum on the East front; offices of the 
Treasury, Postoffice and Fish Commission on the West front; 
War and Navy offices on the North front, and the Departments 
of State and Justice had desks arranged in their exhibit spaces 
on the floor. 

Exhibits were already arriving daily when the office 
of the Board was transferred to Atlanta, although the contract- 
ors did not complete their work on the final details of the 
building for several weeks thereafter. 

able ai) 

ALLOTMENT OP FUNDS. 

Of the |200,000 appropriated by the act providing for 
the Exposition, $50,000 was set aside, in accordance with the 
law, for the removal of the Government building at Chicago to 
Atlanta, or the erection of a new building, leaving $150,000 
for the preparation, installation, maintenance and return of 
the various exhibits, which sum was allotted by the Board to 



,Bi Lstiioq bns, aqjsm anianBri -^ol tfosaJ-Brfdo irssd svBri aa-twisricto Jon 

.^tidirlxe L&inem 
jaaitsIlBs nx eoBqa iididxe toI ebBm sbw nolsivotq oM 
s^BBw B 31 "' •'■. ■■■■^ nworia ^tixvisd Rnoi:t t.ao-.^ ..:::» -yir.ovi ■.<■.:-:. uJiieiieqxe 
ctaum -^fOcTiaiv ed;t aiariw aiJididxs IlBC^ani oJ -^jsnorn b[t& smx.t lo 

♦m9.rf;f cfB itool oS Q^l&is bnsosB 

-ttB bfiB tfiBlq iro baJBOibni aB baJBOOl otsw BooillO 

1SV0 E9i-i9llBg neqc oiij ni: b&ntB^do sbw soaqs aoi'i'to l&aQiilb 

biBoE 9r{:t ^0 aeoillo erfT .anlMiud f»fiJ oi eon^iinQ aistr'. 9rf;t 

-bH • •' " Id Bv:;«.i:'ij.. v^a; ; :j-.>.'.o j..; :■ '3 ':{9vo Jbe^BOOl 9i9w 

«j::ranl aainoa'Ai Im^, bns ^eiu^tlrjoiisA ,-^oii&;tnI ari^r lo aJngrazTiBq 

arid' lo aaoillc ; j-notl cTasS eriJ no raueawM J.&noiiB^ bn& no liisi 

;;Jt!C'^" JaeW edj no noiaaimmoO rlai'^ l)fii. i-. .> nto 3 Pi • '^ ,— tusxietT 

3cfn9ffi;tiBq©C[ 9ri* bns ,Jnoi'l di'ioVl &di no aeoillo ^vbYi bciA ibW 

asoBqa ;JxdJ:f{X9 •tX9iiJ ni fo93nB.t''iB aiJtasb bsri gox^J-awL bns s^BuS 1o 

,10 oil '^-"'•t no 
901'i'io 9ri:t nsriw yI-^-s£> af^iv-x-iiB -^bBsilB 9'i9W aJidxrixa 
«:roBi:tnoo Qdi riajJoricflB «Bd-nBXJA o;J b9Ti9lanBii bbw feiBoa 9!iJ lo 
€)d3 lo 3lXBJ9fa IbhII 9fi:t no :3i'io\v tX9ri:t 9;t9lqraoo .ton bib eio 

.i9c^lB9i9ri:f 33f99W IBT9V98 lol gntfolii/d 

lol snibivo'iq ;t06 9rfc^ \^d b9:rBiiqoiqqB 000,00S$ sdcf IG 

Siict ri.liw eonBb-toooB ni ^gbiaB J9s sbw 000, C5| ,aoxtisoqxa 6di 

:" osBoidO is ^nLbllud Jri&nimavoS o-f-^ '::o iBVomsi adi -lol tUBl 

000,061$ :§inlvBeL ^-gnlbliud W9n b lo nox;t0 9T:9 9ri;t io ,B;tnBl;tA 

lo mijj9t i)nB 9onBnoJniBra enoJ:.tBllB;tani ,noJ:tBiBq9"iq edi ^ol 

o;t biBoa 9ri* ■H.d b9.-tJ0ij-B adv/ miis doxdw jaJididx9 awoi'iBV ed3 



18 



the various departments as follows: 
Department of State, 

Treasury Department, 

War Department, 

Navy Department, 

Department of the Interior, 

Postoffice Department, 

Department of Justice, 

Department of Agriculture, 

Smithsonian Institution and 
National Museum, 

U.S. Pish Commission, 

Common fund. 



|2 500 
10 000 
14 000 
12 500 
19 500 
4 000 
2 000 
23 000 

22 000 

23 000 
17 500 

|150 000 



STORAGE . 
Empty packing boxes were stored outside the enclosure 
under a special contract which required them to be removed from 
the building when empty, stored during the term of the exposi- 
tion, and returned to the building when needed— all at the rate 
of two and a half cents per cubic foot. The price was reason- 
able and the service, in the main, satisfactory. The total 
cost of this service was |1044.67 and the cubic measurement of 
packages stored by each Department was as follows: 

Department of State, 565 feet 

Treasury Department, 4536 " 

War Department, 2809 " 

Navy Department, 4144 " 



3 J. 



006 a| 

000 01 

000 hi 
OOd SI 
GOg Ql 
000 h 

000 a 
000 ss 

000 ss 
000 52 
005 VI 
000 06IJ 



t:fn9m:tT[BqeCI ^iiBBdiT 
^:' lafcdiBqed "/^W 

jnoiasifsmioO riai'i.S.U 



.a€AH0T8 

9iuaol3n9 Slier sfeiaiJuo Jbs'io^Ja 3i9v^ asxod gnJt^iosq ^i.t( 

raoil i)9vora9't ©d oJ raarf^ i3e'xJ:iipei lioiriw cfoBi;tnoo iBioeqa b lei^rtu 

-iaoqxe &dS lo mtocf 9ri^ ani-iwi) baio^a ^Yjqme neriw gnxoXxiJd sriJ 

Bi&i 9ri? ^B IlB — hf^hsBTi n9flw 3^;■f^^^'^•^ -••''"" :.. ;i9muj9i 'vf>-. ,noi:l 

-noaB9i aBW eoitq 9iiT •cJ'Ool nidiji) -'aq •niaBo llBd b i)£iB ov7J jCO 

iBcfo? erfT .Y'iO,JoBl8iJBa ^niBm &d^ ai ^eoiv-ios Qdi ba& eldz 

1o iLiemeii^aasm oldiso eK-^ ^"^0 va,^^Ol| -^f-v^ eoivtss sxxlJ lo .taoo 

:3woIIot aB SB* cfnsm.tiBqsa il0B9 "^6 i)9io:t8 ga^iSv^OBq 

iQQl dd6 »s;^B:t^ •.aomcriBqeCI 

•» eoBS ,:tn8mc^*iBq9Q ibW 



19 



Postoffice Department, 3085 feet 

Department of the Interior, 8096 " 

Department of Justice, 636 

Department of Agriculture, 6501 " 

Smithsonian Institution and National Museum, 6200 " 

U.S. Fish Commission, 4921 " 

Secretary's Office, 281 " 

Total cubic feet, 41744 " 



ADMISSION TO GROUNDS. 
Admission tickets to the Exposition Grounds were is« 
sued to the public at fifty cents per capita, except children 
under twelve years of age, who were admitted at twenty-five 
cents. The Exposition Management made no charge for entrance 
to the Exposition Grounds for Government officials or employees 
of the Government Exhibit, and upon requisition of the Secre*- 
tary of the Government Board, complimentary cards or orders for 
photograph passes were issued for the full term or for such 
specific term as required, 

TRANSPORTING THE EXHIBITS, 
As early as March, 1895, a pamphlet was issued by the 
Transportation Department of the Exposition to the effect that 
the freight traffic associations of the country had agreed to 
transport material destined for the Exposition at customary 
rates and granting the privilege of free return to original 
point of shipment after the close of the Exposition. A term- 
inal charge of six cents per hundred pounds each way, or a min- 



.toQl 8805 ,:fii9Jii*-jfiqsa sox'ftoctaoq 

" fte08 tioiisJrtl 9di 1o inemitaqaa 

" 00Sd,mij9ajjM iBnoi^JsH fcn^ fioJ:;tjj;?i;tanI nslrroa/i^xina 

" ise^ ,noi:a3immoO ri2l*e:.a.U 

" IBS < 90^110 s'T^'iBib'xoeS 

"^ ^i^'^lh »cf09l oidwo iB^oT 



.SaWUOHC OT HOIBSIMOA 

-3i. 9*t9w ?>,fcniioiO noJ:.-t IsoqxS fidi oi acTe.-^olo noiaaJimfeA 

nsir. ■ -■-•■>x;3 fSjiqso -ieq 3ja9D Y^tlil Se oilcfuq oK • - - - aa 

9vi A-'i^Jriewc* :tB i)9J'iimi>B d'i9W oriw ,s3B "ic aTse^ svlswcr -obnu 

9onisi;tn9 lol sgiBAO on sbsm trra^'eaBnal.? not:t-.rRoqx!?r srfT .a^neo 

a99\coIqm9 lo alBioIllo :f.r!9ffifi-f&v 1 abnuo-if ::.u.l.. j.aoqxa: t....: o:t 

-•9109S ed;t lo noi;t iaixipgi noqir i)nB ^Jidirfxa ctrtsmnisvoC erii lo 

•xol Qiebno io abiBO x'^'^^^-wilqmoo tfo-^BO^ *n9Wf!*TevoT) erit 1o v^3 + 

liojys -TOi -(O .ffi"i"9o ^^ux .-.•..- t.x ijt>!Jc;--jx '.If..-, a^7ci^:;i>q dqBTtao^^Oiiq 

.RTiaiHXa: :??"'' ■ '"^'"-'oqsitAHT 

9ri^ Xcf fe9waai aBW rTglriqmBq b jesSi jdyiBM aB ^I^fBe aA 

^Bri;t ;f09l'l9 9di oi noi:tiaoqxa ©rf:t lo ^fnem^iBqsCI noi;.tB;ttoqanBiT 

o? bgsts^"' '■■"■■' ^"tinijoo ed;^ lo anoi:?BJ:ooaaB 0J:llBt;t dri^ig-Tj: QciS 

^ttBiiTO.-JaiJ0 iJB noictiaoqxa edS 'lol b9ni^aeJc> lBiis;tBin .■tioqp.riB-x.t 

l&nl:%lto oi mii:t9*i 991! 1c SQeliviiq adi sr!ut."'Bts ^n:;?. ae.-t.Bi 

-m'leit A .noi^iaoqxS 9rf:t 'lo eaolo er(;t i9;t'ij=. .;. t.c....;ii4iiic. - ^ 

-nim B '10 lYJSw rioB© abnuoq b9ii>auri i9q 3;tn90 xia lo sQ-iBrio iBfli 



20 



imum on any one shipment of fifty cents, was assessed for trans- 
fer of exhibits between Atlanta and the Exposition grounds. 
This charge included unloading and placing exhibits as near as 
practicable to the spaces to be occupied, and the loading of ex- 
hibits in cars for re-shipment after the close of the Exposi** 
tion. 

The Southern Railway Company extended its tracks to 
the side of the Government Building, and not only were the car** 
loads of exhibits delivered to the building intact, but mate** 
rials used in construction as well. 

In April, 1895, by direction of the Board, the Secre- 
tary of War was asked to instruct the Quartermaster of the Army 
stationed at Atlanta, to take charge of receiving and re-ship- 
ping freight pertaining to the Government exhibit, and the re- 
quest being promptly granted. Major John L.Clem, U.S^A., was in- 
structed to take charge of all transportation matters. At his 
request Jir.John Shelton, a retired Commissary Sergeant of the 
Army, was engaged as Transportation Clerk at the rate of |65.00 
per month, and the affairs of this department were conducted in 
a most satisfactory manner, no single piece having been lost 
and nothing broken which could in any way be attributed to the 
neglect of the men in charge. This branch of the service com** 
pleted its duties on Febniary 15, 1896, one week after the last 
package of Government property had been shipped from the Expo- 
sition grounds. 

The following information may be of interest as a 
matter of statistics, showing the difference between the amount 
of material received at Atlanta for the Government exhibit and 
the amount shipped after the conclusion of the Exposition, 



^/«i>» 



♦ 8i)nwo'i^^ noi :fi: aoqxS erf^ fonB scTn^I^tA .rvoow^^cf acfidi .. . lo isl 

8^ 1^9X1 aB 3:ridifix9 gnioBlq bns anibijolnji i)©b;jIoni e^i&do aiilT 

-xe lo ^rjiftsol edi bns ^bsiquooo ad o:t asoiiqa edS oS sldsox-toBTq 

-isoqxa: 9ri:t "to s£oId snj TecftB i'asraqirfa-e-s 10^ a^Bo :u r^idiii 

• noJ::t 
oi zjloB-ii a;Jjt be&nscfxe x^&^oioO v^BVfllaE niadiuoB eilT 
»-iJ30 erfcf --^lew vlffo :ron brrs ^-anLbliuR .t!ferr-f.:."ori -.K'' >bi.3 erfd- 

^aiiim. JUG ,wtoB^ni anxDliiia erlcT oi Dei&vil6kj a^Uoxdxe lo ai)BOl 

»Llew as nol^oiSf^Qiioo cii JDsaif alaii 

«-9toe8 9.d:t ,fciBoa: 9ri;t lo notSoQ-tib vrT jaQBr ^li'tqA nl 

Xm'i.A Qdi lo ieiaiiffi'ts:t*X£jjp &iU fosjiia.'ii oi os:}iQ& aBW ijsW lo y^jS^ 

«qj:rl8~9t fona ^nivisoei lo sa-Tcsiio sjiij^t 0^ t&iaBlik i& beaoiiB^s 

^Qi arlcr iJHS ^ticfMxs itaammsvoS ori;? 0^ a^in[-t B^Jieq ^^rlsietl x^cilq 

^"i BBW ,.A.3,U tmsIO.J nrioL 10 ^bM ,l)8ctaBis ^ilcJqmotq s/ixod Jaeixp 

airji c^A .ais^tcTBm fiOicJBctioqaaBT^ XIb lo SQiBrio 93IB* 0^ ba^out^a 

edi lo :tnB9§,T9S vtisssimraoO i)9*ti:fBi b tr-o.-tiariB n.do'G.TM ip.eiipei 

OO.ea^ lo e^Bi 9il3 iB 3£n9l0 noictBcT'ioqaiiBiT 3B be:Q3^aa aBw (Xffi*"iA 

ni i:)6^otfi)noo 9i©w cngiod-XBqsi) airicT lo s'xIbIIb sdt bii& ^dinom 'i9q 

:t30l n99d anivBri 909iq 9l$ixTJt8 on ,i9nnBci v'^o^^-s^aJ^^-sa ^aom b 

Gri^t 0^ b9;t«dxi^JB ed \rBW Y"I-s nx bluoo rioiriw ns^ioid a^^irf^on bri& 

*-moo soiv-isa 9ri;t lo rionBid alrfT ,9S"iBrlo ni n9m adi lo ;t09Xsen 

^aBl sriJ led'lB j[99w ono ,0681 ,?,! vtBfrfd©'?[ no aoxJufc a;tJ: b6^9lq 

-oqxS 9ficr moil lj9qqxria n99d DBd Y^*t&qo'iq .tngmnisvoO lo ggB-jiOBq 

,ai)njjois noxJia 

B 3B cTaeteJ-ni lo ad Y-f^'"^ no t:t.?im-(olni anxv/ollol 9riT 

ctnjJomB 9x1? a99w;t9d 6on9i8'ilJ:ja sriJ gnxv/oria ^aox^JaictB^ta lo Tg^fcfBai 

bas .txdxrixe ^tngrame vol) ericT -lol B:fn&liA iB bevisoQi L&Xiei sm lo 

.noi^xaoqxa edi lo noiaulonoo 9rf;t t9ilB i)9qqifia Jajjonis 9ri;t 



31 



Goods Received: 

Date of first delivery to Government Building June 6,1895. 

Total number of car loads, 97 

Total number of packages, 3,093 

Total number of pounds, 935,081 

Goods Shipped: 

Last shipment February 8, 1896, 

Total number of car loads, 68 

Total number of packages, 2,655 

Total number of pounds, 834,502 



The difference between the receipts and shipments is 
accounted for by the fact that many of the cases and much of 
the exhibit material could not, for lack of accomodations, be 
stored in the Government buildings at Washington, and was there- 
fore temporarily loaned to museums and educational institutions 
in the South, with the understanding that when required it would 
be returned upon the surrendering of receipts by the several 
departments holding them. Considerable material and supplies 
used in installation and care of exhibits were also transferred 
to Port McPherson for the use of the Army Post, and receipts 
signed by the representative of the War Department on the Board 
of Management were duly filed at the Treasury Department. 

GUARDING AGAINST PIRE« 
The fire department, when finally established, was ef- 
ficient and rendered excellent service. All the buildings being 
constructed of pine, rich with pitch, painted on the outside 
and oiled within, were exceedingly inflammable, but owing to 
good fortune and quick response by the firemen when an alarm 
was given, only two fires of importance occurred on the grounds 



180 1 ess ,af)niiOq lo isdmun l&ioT 

:f)9qqid8 8l)oo© 
• 6681 <8 xtBWidQ'^ ;tri9mqlrfe vtsjsj 

S0a,i^S8 iai)niJOq Ic isdmun XB;toT 



ai aJrisxcq.^'- '- ^-^ib a^qisos'^ - : " neawctad soneisllib eiiT 

lo rfouB! bnii 86EB0 sdi lo vjiam iBdi ioBl odi \d 'toJ bc»;?ni;cooB 

ed ,anolcfijX)0ffi0O0B lo ^OjbI to*?: ^ioti bluoo iBl-reJ^m ;tidir{xa sxid- 

.. hns tnoj-^niilaBW -^ .' ■ ' cud SaBain-fevo^ -'" i fcs'iod'a 

ijlijov/ ji I)<?itj:up9*i nerfw vtBd.t snlbni5rtat9J)ajf erlj- ricfiw ^d^uoP, edi ni 

aeilqqua bnB l&lieii^n sldwiei) ianoD .merijJ" sniMori 8;?n6)m;?iBq9Jb 

fisttetanBT;? osIb etew ad^ididx© to stb?) hr^B cioliBllB^znl til bsair 

oJuu. .:..;.; .j',i2 ^ieo'^ v.i!; x>i . ol noBibd^ioM ito*^ oi 

jbiBoa eri^J no in9fli;fiBq8(I ibW erl^^ io 9vx;tBCtn9a8'ir.q9t 9xi;t ^d i^sngia 

.*n9fli:fiBq9a y*i^^sb9'iT 9d:f is belli xlub eiew ctnemegBnBM lo 

»2HI'? T8FIAf)A BKIOHAU© 

-■'■'■ r,B\r jI)erlBi JdiJcT s© ^IlBnil ■. ^^ :,..>. j,.ii6m;tr[Bqe^ '■■ ''^ orlT 

Snxed asnililiud sril IIA .soiviaa , :tneIl9oxs i)8'i9bn9i i)nB :ffi9ioil 

9l>i6;tijo Qdi no fe©.-tniBq ,rioc?iq n.tt.w doli ,9nlq lo bQiouiisaoo 

03- gnlwo :tud ,9ldBr^mBllnx \'i;-. •.,.:;• .-...c^ o'rgw ,fixrl;txw l)9lio Lhb 

jstbIb hb neiiw nameixl 9rid^ y<^ asnoqasT ^oiisp bnjs, snu^tiol iiooa 

a£)XIJJo^g &ds no fjei'xjj'ooo eoxiB;^ioqfflx lo aeiil owcf xXno ^nsvis sbw 



22 



during the entire term of the Exposition, one of which, unfor- 
tunately, caused a death. During the early installation period 
while shavings and inflamraable materials were scattered about, 
the danger of fire was very great, and the fire department not 
being fully organized, the Government board authorized two hose 
connections to be made in the Government building, and a suf« 
ficient quantity of two and half inch hose was arranged for 
ready use in case of necessity, the water pressure being suf- 
ficient without the use of a pumping engine to throw astream to 
any part of the building. After the Exposition opened, the Gov- 
ernment building was furnished by the Exposition company, free 
of expense, a number of chemical extinguishers, which were dis** 
posed in convenient positions ready for use at any moment. One 
large extinguisher on wheels was located in one of the main 

aisles near the center of the building, fully equipped and charg- 

and . rnmd 

ed for use. 

The infantry camp near the Government building was 
composed of two companies of United States troops detailed from 
Port McPherson, and while they would have been of great assist- 
ance in the event of a fire or other emergency, the officers 
in command could not spare enough men from camp duty to serve 
regularly as guards in the Government building. The Exposition 
authorities were also unable to supply sufficient officers for 
policing the buildings and grounds. The Board of Management 
was, therefore, compelled to employ watchmen or guards for the 
protection of the Government property at the expense of the ap- 
propriation, who were suitably uniformed and did duty on three 
daily shifts of eight hours each. 



"" ' ' ' "io 9no <noJ::t-iaoqxa 3ri^ 1o m-iei e-iiine edi ^ciltub 

boi^i&q aoiiBilBi^ni \li£9 9ii:r g^l^lrcr ,iiisi6b J3 bssuBo ^ylscrBnucJ 

d-oi: . ... .i.^^,:., i^il 9fi;t jjijj.. «:tii9i-§ ^isv Eiiw s'lix lo Teansfc ^di 

eaor: basxiori^ujo cibocT d-nemmevoD edi ti)esiaBgio x-tlL^'t a^ied 

-Iwa B ftna tSniI)Xi]icf cfnemmevox) eii:} at ^b^ri f^d o.t snoJtJoorrnoo 

'--■- >— o-.!-.'. -:.^2w eaori liorj,'- "'.■■•< 'injB ^^w^ ' "iju^bp jn&ioil 

-lua jsnisd siwaseiq T9:^£w {^rii ,Y*ia8eosn lo ea/js rri ssu y^bsi 

©;)• mBetd-p.B wo-ind o^ snxgne sniqmuq b lo eau edS :^'.iodiiw ineLoi."i 

^viii! ...... ^PBneqo iTO.l-r J:aoqx.'5 -jd;^ 'iet'jcA ,i^{iiblx^o^ edi to i'li^q -r^na 

©silt^i^nBqaioo fioxjTiaoqxS 8£i;t x^i iJeriainiul sbw gnibliwd :fnsrnm:& 

-sxi) 9'f8W rfoxriw ,2'i6na]:ifanx;tx9 iBoimsrio 1o TSdisim jr ^eaneqx;? lo 

snO ..tiiemom -^hb cTb eaij mcri v|>Bst 3noi:fxaoq ^nsiiiy viioo nji Dseoq 

nxjiffi Bdi lo 9110 nl becTBOOl 3BW alsariv/ no *iexiaiiJ3nx:t.xe 9a'XBl 

wgiBrio JbfiB bsqqlupe Yllift ,gxntil)Iijjd sd:i lo 'teener/ 9f{;J *tBen a9l8is 

,eeu tol jbs 

aBw gnxMiud ici&mntevox) &di isQn qmao xiinstPii. sriT 

moil l)8lXBcr9b aqooi;? a9^B:t8 JbgcTxnU lo asxnBqmoo ov.ct 'lo i^eaoqffioo 

*'Cteic.3B viBe'x,-, ..o nasd avBii fcljjow ^srl;? alirlw bns ,r[Oat9rf<!oM S'iO'i 

ai80x'5;j;o od^ ,Y»n8S'f9iae isd^o 'lo stil b lo :tn9V9 erivt ni sohb 

8VT98 oi \jd"iJb qmBO raoil neci rigirons 6*iBqa iton bIi.fOo brisinmoo nx 

nolctisoqxa sdT ^-^nthl' •• ^nsmn-ievoi) ed:f nl alJiBua aB x1ib1is:%bi 

tol a-t90xrio ;tn9ioxllw3 M-i^qq^^'s oi aldaau oalB stew aei^txioxlJjjB 

:tn9iseBBnBM lo btBoS. srlT .sJanuoia bns sgnlMiLfd ^n:f aninlloq 

.•.....; *'■•■? f^biBifri ••^'^ '-fsffidooiiw YOl'qcie oi DsJIeqnjoo ^c-iv xv^xQd:i ,8flw 

*-qB auJ 10 8an9qx8 srirf c^b >^:fi9qoiq iaemniovox) edi lo noi:roejC*iq 
99iii5 no ^;fiji) f)j:i) bnB bearsollnij vjdsilua ef9w oxfw tnol*Bi"(qoiq 

.'•': ciijori ;tri?ji9 lo aiJllria \iIiBJb 



23 



The building force consisted of a Superintendent, 
Assistant Superintendent, ten (10) watchmen, five (5) porters, 
or cleaners, and one (1) janitress. One of the watchmen was 
ah experienced electrician and had immediate supervision of the 
electric lamps and switches, and made frequent inspection of 
the wires, -* 

The entire force of watchmfeh 'icr'ccupied tents in rear 
of the building for sleeping quarters during September and Oc- 
tober, and subsequently occupied the north roof turrets of the 
building. By this arrangement all the watchmen, whether on duty 
or not, were always accessible in case of necessity, 

COST OF THE GOVERNMENT EXHIBIT* 
Appended is a classified statement of expenditures 
covering the entire cost of preparation, installation, mainten- 
ance and transportation of the Grovernment exhibit. 

Statement of Expenditures: 

Travel and subsistence --«-«««««---« «|22 725.93 

Clerk hire --.--^ »_>,-«--»__--- 4 884.01 

Salaries of officers & assistants other than 

clerks, ---»--------------- 7 251.96 

Salaries of force for guarding and cleaning 

building, ------------------ 5 007.90 

Freight, terminal, express and drayage ------ 14 927,27 

Material and labor for preparation, installation, 

maintenance and return of exhibits, ----- 77 348,77 

Interior decoration, «-«------------ 1 439,50 

Stationery and printing, ------------*- 1 074,54 

Telegraphing, ------------------ 183.05 

Rents, ---.------------------- 564,75 

Storage of packing cases, -«---------» 1 044,67 

Office furniture and fixtures, - - 'wi'^w ---„-. 842,71 

Miscellaneous, ------------------ 959,74 

Total ' ' -138 234,80 

"' Unexpended balance, --------- - li 765,20 

Appropriation for exhibit, ------ -150 000,00 



,8ieit*ioq (e) eyit ^m&tasio^s^ (01) a&i t^nabns^int'ieqisB infiiBiBaA 

3JSW fi&mdo:iBW edi 1o 9n0 . 8af'^^■^^•t3r, (I) bho ?:;'•.=•, ^frfBrTselo -^o 
edi iO noisiv'fsqjje e^tBibsmmi biirl i>i(B hbiox's cTobit* oaoriQX'isqx© n^ 

.aetlw Qdi 
iBS-x nl a;tns;t fcexquooo nemdoi&w lo eotot ©"fi^ne srfT 

9ri^ to actBf'fvt looi ric-ion 9K,t hr;ra';ooo YX^nsTrpsadrT, bns ,iedc;t 

• ^ctiaeeosn to 98f50 rri eldJiaseooB bybwIb eisw ,:Jon io 

.TI9IHXS TPtatOlHIirVOf' SHT IIO T800 

89tij;tlhnp^crx9 to :t n9mfl.to.tr, ftsilrlsaBln b j^.i bebaeqak 

«n9;tnJ:Bm ^n....:crfcll£;t8ni ,r.oi?B"ii;q8'tq ic ^eod stUhs 9rl;t ;iirii'iGvoo 

.ctidirixe ;fn9flin'i9vo€ 9ri^ lo nox^a^ToqenB*!^ ftnB eooB 

t ae'iucMfcneqxS lo tnomotists 

Se.eav SS|«^ -_^^^^^^^-.^^_ sonecfaladue foitB IsvjiiT 
10.1^88 I'- ----- ~ -.----- ^ - ^« ~ ~ - e-^iii ji-i9X0 

n&di tsdio ainsialBaB s& aTsoillo lo e©iiBlB8 

se.xes T ----_-------------- ,83r"feio 

gniriBBlo bnB gnibiBug 'tol so'iol lo ebIibS&E 
oe,VOO a ------ _ ,. J ._ _ ^ ^ _ _ ,aniMiud 

Va.VSe :t.l - - - ^ - ^ Oa^^B-^ii.) bna a89':!:q:ie tlBnini".C9? «" " 

j:r!o{.tP^r.B.-t3nJ: ,£ioi;tBi"Jiq9'xq lol todBl 6nB I 
VV»8J?'£ YT - - - - - f3d'ldj:r{x9 lo n*Jii:t9f bnB eonsneintsim 

06, G:^'^ I ^-^-_-.-,------^-v- ^aotiBtooeb loi'ieial 

30* SSI „--., -^_-.^~---_---- ^^niiiqBrtgsIeT 

ev.^ee ^^^_^---_^_-_--^--^^. *. jCcJneH 

?3,l^l^0 i -_-~-.^--.^-~-> <86 3B0 §ni>IOBq lo egBto;t8 
IV. 21^8 ___„^-^_-- j29ti/;txil bns, eii^ilntul 9oxll0 

J^T»SS8 «_-__-__-- ^--.__-«- jairoensXIsosiM 

XiTTrfST'EZL- --..--------• - -. ~ lif^oT 

OS, ea? II - --------- ^eonBlBd &9£in9qx9£ru 

00,000 Oei- - ^ -. - - ~ 4:tidiriX9 lol noi;fBi"fqoiqqA 



'-A 



It will be seen from the above table that there still 
remains unexpended $11 765,20 of the exhibit fund, all of which, 
with the exception of a few minor expenditures aggregating per- 
haps one hundred dollars, will be covered back into the Treas- 
ury. While the law placed a limit for clerk hire at $10 000, 
only |4 884.01 was expended for such service 

The total amount expended by each Department under 

direction of its representative is given below. 

Department of State ------------- |2 777.99 

Treasury Department --*.-.--------- 8 884.58 

War Department " - ■ '-" - --------- 5 021.37 

Navy Department - ----------- n 260.73 

Postoffice Department ------------ 2 476.32 

Department of Justice- ---------- — 2 357.77 

Department of the Interior- --------- 22 022.33 

Department of Agriculture ---------- 20 135.59 

Smithsonian Institution & National Museum- — 24 246.73 

Pish Commission --------------- 20 689,80 

General Fund ---------------- 18 561.59 

Total --------------- 138 234.80 



The amount of }18 361.59 expended under the designa- 
tion of "General Fund" represents the expenditure that could 
not properly be classified as belonging to the ten exhibiting 
departments. These expenditures consisted of the salary of the.^^ 
Secretary and Disbursing Officer, clerks in the office of the 
Board, superintendent, watchmen and janitors, rent of offices, 
stationery and printing, decorations of the interior of the 
building, water connections for fire protection, gas supply for 
heating office rooms, and other expenditures of a similar char** 
acter. 

^ . PERSONAL DETAIL. 

The total number of persons detailed from the several 



^-aBS'i'X' anJ- o:tni sloiid ijs'vs-yoo ad lixv/ ^siBilui) Da^ujio^a ono aqBxi 

,000 0I| iB eitd 3iisIo lot c^liiiil b bsoislq wbI 9ri? aliriW ,xtii 

©oivTsa rioua icx befoner^xs sew 10.^88 ^| xlno 

T0j/nu inemitBq&Q xioB© ^id i)9l)n9qx9 .toiiOiSTii juiioit eriT 

.wolsd ffevxa al evi^e^naBeiqet a;?i lo noxjoeTii) 

ee.VVV Sf _,---. .. - .. . ^ ^ ©:rB;t8 lo SiiemitBq&d 

8 e, 1^88 8 „-„-..». ____-^--. :tn3mJiBq9(I "^iiiBBSiT 

V&.I50 ?. - - .-..,.-- ^ - -, - , .^f^8in;?'tBqfiCr t-sW 

Se,dV-^ S -- _,^.. .-^^ inecivt-tBqeG doxllo:?ao«i 

VT.YcC S _^ ^ . ^ _.,..--.- - -eoiitajjt lo *neci;ttBq9CI 

55.RS0 SS ^ . - ^ >- - ~ ~ ^ «-foif©crnI siicT lo i ii&siii&qQd 

ee.S£I OS ----_-._.. -^ diij:^Ii/oi:iaA lo onsmd'iBqeCI 

08,685 OS ^_-.---.---. ------ nolaeiramoO riai'5 

feg^IdS ex _^------ .._,__^ jbnjj^ iBisaal) 

08.J^£2 SCI - ~ ___-._. - - IB^OT 



•'flnaisei) aiii isbriu bebneqxs ee.IdS 8I| 'Xo vtrnJonB oxiT 

i)Ii/oo ;rBri;t etyiiba&qKB oiiy ainQze-uiei "bniJ^ iBisneO" lo noli 

gfft + hrr.f rf',{8 n©:t 9ii;t oi ^^nxgnolad sb fceilJ:3?.Blo sd ^iTaqo-iq ion 

@di lo i^-iiiiBa ©ricT lo ijsitaianoo seiL'iJxbnsqxo saerfT ♦Bi^nemcf'^Bqefc 

8di lo 80x110 eric* at si^islo ^teoillO §nJ:atiJd3ia lifiB Y^BCfsiosB 

,8601/ " lo ^nsT ^a'jocJxnBt bnB nemrioc^Bw ^inobrLeini'f.eqv^. ^biBoE 

Bdi lu loits^ni &di to anoicTBtoosJb ,iixixjrix'i'v riHiiu. jbcTb 

'tol -^IqquB aBS <noi:ro&;ro-rq sill lol anoJtcTosnnoo -redBW ^:^[iibltt!6 

^■' Xxffiia B lo ssiu^xiinaqxp taricfo Jdhb ^ajaooi soillo gnl^rseri 

.led'OB 

.JIATKa JAPI08HS*! 
iBf ©V98 Br'J moil f)eIiB:fGi) aaoaisq lo ledraun lB;to;t eriT 



25 



departments during the entire progress of preparation and main- 
tenance of the exhibit, and who, while absent from their homes, 
were re-imbursed their subsistence expenses, amounted in the 
aggregate to 121. The number detailed from each exhibiting 
department was as follows: 

Department of State, 2 

Treasury Department, 27 

Navy Department, 6 

Postoffice Department, 4 

Department of the Interior, 27 

Department of Justice, 3 

Department of Agriculture, 24 

Smithsonian Institution and 

National Museum, 16 

Commission of Pish and Fisheries, 12 

Total --------- 121 

The rate of subsistence which each person was not 
allowed to exceed varied according to the length of detail and 
the nature of service performed. The Secretary of the Treasury 
placed the maximum limit per diem at five dollars, but this 
expenditure was not found to be necessary except in two or three 
instances, |3.50 being found sufficient for satisfactory ac- 
comodations, and in many cases $2,50 and even |2.00 per diem 
was found sufficient to meet living expenses when a detail ex- 
tended over a period of one month or more. 

The larger number of details were made necessary dur- 
ing the installation period and also while the exhibits were 
being dismantled and packed for return. 



«aemoi-i "iioilu moil ^tneaci^i 6lliiw ,OAiw i>iio ,Jidiilx9 ori^ 1:o ©oniins^ 

srl^ ni beinuomQ ^aeaneqxs eons^Biadus lierfJ bsHii/cfcii-ei siew 

gniitxdirlxc^ r-fo-f- !.v)-,t i>aIiB^si) isdmun srfT ,121 o;? ^^'Bgsigs^ 

:swollo'l SB 8BW Jnein:J"'ii3q6i) 

V2 t'iox'-J3:tnI erf? 'io i^s-'^r-^-.rfiqea 

£ t9^^^2ijL lo xtasfliJ-iBqsd 

^S ,eiij:tIuoi'xsA lo tosmitiBqea 

I>ni3 nolc^i/^io anl aslnoarl^ frf,r^ 

SI__ fSei'isrial'a: I)ni3 riai'5 lo noiRp.i/nraoO 

I SI -- •-- - -....--.- LsiioT 

ion SBW noaiaq rfoBe rioirfw eona^eladwa lo aJBi sriT 

briB IiB.t8b lo ri:^gtnel Qf'.:! oj- snxbtoooB beit&v f)9eox bewoIlB 

Yrup.rtATiT 9r{:t lo '^ts-:.U~-^-'-ir-'^^ ^r^f , ^,£,^•:•r,ll•rB•;T soivie: ..: o-^isiBtt ddi 

axiict :f.fjd ,8iBlIoi3 9vil ;;.s msii- --!i>q ^xmil tnutP.iXAm edi b&o&Lq 

esirf-^ v/j- nl ^tqsoxs ^ctBSBx'Joen ©j luol tott bbvv ^.bneqx© 

-DB vvrtDBlaij 3E lol ;tneioi:lljjp hrf^;."^ ■■ -v'^^f na, ?;;?!; ^ ;:.Afv-^?^;t?-^f^ 

aisxi) iL^q 00. Sf cibv& baB Oc.Sf asaijc; \'ni>£s ai hiiB ^gaouj^jjomoo 

-xe liBcfel) b nedvr aeansqxs jinJtvil iQQr nsi oillwa Jbnuol bbw 

.etotti *io rivtnom arro lo boi'^ '-k:- a ^evo fcsfons^t 
-ir.;l) v^Baaaoen aJiBm 6i6W sliBct 9i) lo *X6dmun i9S'i^»-i- ^^T 

e^fsw aitldirfxe scivt aliriw oalB bns boiisq noicfBllBijEni erf* ani 



26 



The War Department representative provided for the 
installation and care of his exhibit principally by causing the 
transfer of non-commissioned officers and enlisted men, who were 
subsisted from the appropriations for maintenance of the array, 
and no subsistence expenses were incurred by that department 
payable from the appropriation for the exhibit. 

The Board of Management records with regret the death, 
during the progress of this work, of one of its most distin- 
guished and experienced members, Dr. George Brown Goode , Repre- 
sentative of the Smithsonian Institution and National Museum, 
and also pf two of its most capable and efficient officers, Mr. 
Robert Edward Earll and Mr. Renick Seymour Matthews, both of 
whom were associated with Dr. Goode in the installation and care 
of the Smithsonian exhibit. By resolution of the Board a suit- 
able notice of the life and services of each of these gentlemen 
is appended to the report of the Smithsonian Institution, which 
was prepared and submitted by Dr. Goode. 

A list of awards to the Departments and those con** 
nected with the Department exhibits, is appended hereto and made 
a part of this report. 

CHARLES W. DABNEY, Jr., 
Chairman . 

W.I.ADAMS, 

Secretary . 



tYiw^i^-^ 9'"i^ "T-O sociBneiniiitn 10^ anoi:tBiiqo*iqqB ^fl:t m&nTi beets iacTya 
itnemjiBqsi) ^^rf:t Y'^ beitK'^'-' ' '^■♦'^-■■•^ p. t:;r-r-x{:- ^o'* ^■^?^ r-'-^T- on r.^r'A 

,£i^i>eb erfj' ^si§ei n-.tiw ai)ioo8i j-nsme^BOBM lo btaoQ. QiiT 

•*oiq9>i jOiiOoD liWG'iii e^'iO&O .^CI tatediTtom ij^onoiisqxe bfiii baiisiiua 
tmneauM J.BnoJ;:tBPI bns noi;tw.ti;t8nI nBxnoarfcf IraB erid' lo evl^Bin&B 

STBo bns noi^BlIfi^fani edi nl sbooO .id ;' <ei&looQQ» etew morfw 

ri9ui^ljiib^ QZ^rii lo rfoBO to saoIv'-iBS box. f-lll 6i^'-t lo OLJiJ'on sIJb 
rfoirfw taol;tjj;f Jt^anl nBinosri:tini3 ertj to J-"foq9'r orict o;J foebneqqs ai 

«noD saori:?- bns aJ-nsradiBqeCI eiiJ oj aiJijS'Wii Ic Jail A 
ebBHi bnB oclstsri bebnsqqe ai < aitldirfxs itnsmJiBqfed 9rf:f ri.tiw be^nsn 

.iioqsi aii1.t to ^iBq b 

.nB{mJ:jBjLiO 

«8MAaA.I.W 
.\^ iBJe ioe8 



27 



LIST OF AWARDS. 

The following is a list of awards by the Board of 
Awards of the Exposition to United States (Jovernment depart- 
ments, bureaus, and individuals whose services were especially 
recognized in the preparation and arrangement of the Government 
exhibits: 

DIPLOMA OP GRATEFUL RECOGNITION and GOLD MEDAL 

to the 

Department of State, 

Treasury Department, 

War Department, 

War Department, Quartermaster's Department, 

Navy Department, 

Postoffice Department, 

Department of the Interior, 

Department of Justice, 

Department of Agriculture, 

Smithsonian Institution, 

Commission of Fish and Fisheries. 

GRAND PRIZE and GOLD MEDAL. 

to the 

Treasury Department, Life Saving Service. 

War Department, Signal Service, 

Engineer Corps, 
Ordnance Bureau. 

Navy Department, Bureau of Construction, 

Ordnance Bureau. 



♦eaHAWA %0 T81J 
YlIx5-to9qa8 8iew aeoivisa ssodw 8lBJ.;£)ivtJ)nl fcins tauBetud ,e,,"tn9m 

lAa'SM. CI joe i>nB KGITITieOOaH JU-aSTAHi"; "^.0 AMOJ«iia 

tifiSffivt^t^qsCI ^;:;^!rp.i'.etT 

t^tnsini'iBqe'I a'isd'SJsmiecJiBirp < JTx&mctTiijqoCi isW 

jCfnemc^tBqsd y^bK 

,:rnem:)-Tsq9G. soxlloc^BOl 

,ioJ:-xe:tnI siiJ lo ctfTsra^riBqeGL 

tSoidsyL lo inem:tf.Bq&(i 

tSiiivtIiJoiiaA lo jn9flB;tiBq9G[ 

,noicf jj;ti j'ani nBxno8ri;?Xffl8 

.aeiierfei'a: l)nB rial's lo noisaicunoO 

,JAGaM CUOD JbnB Sv^IH^ CKAH© 

erio o;f 

.90ivi(:>8 aniv.e8 ©liJ jjnemctiBqsa vtjjaBeiT 

, 90 i visa lBnsi8 , Jnsmo'iBqsG 'xbW 

.aqioO leenxgna 

.UByijja 9om5f!blO 






Department of the Interior, 



Department of Agriculture, 



rr 



Patent Office, 
Bureau of Education, 
Geological Survey. 

Division of Vegetable Path- 
ology, 

Office of Experiment Sta- 
tions, 

Division of Entomology, 

Division of Ornithology and 
Mammalogy (Biological 
Survey) , 

Bureau of Animal Industry, 

Weather Bureau. 



Smithsonian Institution, 

Smithsonian Institution, 

National Museum. 

Commission of Fish and Fisheries. 

Dr.W.O.Atwater. 

Dr. David T.Day, 

Dr.B.E.Fernow, 

Prof. Thomas Wilson, 



Bureau of American Ethnology, 



DIPLOIvlA OF HONOR and GOLD MEDAL, 
to the 



Treasury Department, 



Light House Establishment, 
The Mint. 



Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education, 

Bureau of Indian Affairs 



Department of Agriculture, 



Forestry Division, 
Fiber Investigations, 
Road Improvement, 



DIPLOMA OF GEI^RAL EXCELLENCE and SILVER MEDAL 

to the 
Treasury Department, Coast and Geodetic Survey. 



,noxc?Boyi)£ to uaeiisd. 
.Y8VIW8 iJSoisoXoeC! 

-ri^Bl QldBiQ-^eV to noiaiviC 

.V30I0 

baa 'j^^oIorirfiniO to noiai . 
iBoigoIoia) YSO--«£^^^' 

. UBSTUE led? B9W 



TjaolonnJiti. imonsraA "10 liBt-tni 



.891 



t"i0x*tecfnl ©rl^t lo ^tiieracfiBqeCI 



.sTjJcMiJoi^SA Id :tn8!n;fiBqea 



,r!:ox?L':ti j-grrl nBin0 3ri:tiffi8 

, no i. v; ij j i J ci! -:. r-Binoaxic:- i:m8 

.mjjeauM iBnoicfBP! 

teriai^ bnB rial'?, lo noiaeijimioO 

.ieJBw;tA.O.V."fC 

t^BCUT bivBd.iQ 

.floeliW aBJffiOdT.lot*! 



.jAcraM crjOD oriB hotioh %q Ai',!0,Ts:ia- 



91 



li:* o:f 



,:fn9mrIaiIdB;taE 98j/oH ;Jrf5§xJ 

.;tniM orfT 

tnoi:tBOul)S lo wBeiu' 
atisllA r[BiI)nI lo uBe^.u^ 

tHOiaxviQ y'^^s^'^o'? 

vO'icrnil .DBOH 



, cT nein^+TBqeO viuBBetT 



ita^Tnl 9r{:t lo .i^nsmctisqeG 



,9iiicriuoJ:iaA lo d'H exact iBq 9a 



.Y9V1JJ8 oii^ho^^ f)nB J'aBoO jCtnsractTBqgCI ^lirsBeiT 



29 



DIPLOMA OF HONORABLE MENTION 
to the 
Navy Department, 
Dr.B.E.Pernow, 
Capt. C.D.Sigsbee, U.S.N. 
Capt. Z.L. Tanner, U.S.N. 
Dr. Charles Mohr, 
Dr. G.Br own Goode, 
Mr.Geo.B.Sudworth, 



Naval Observatory, for drop* 
ping time ball. 



DIPLOMAS OP HONORABLE MENTION TO COLLABORATORS 
of various exhibits as follows: 



Mr, E*¥. Parker, 

Dr .William C.Day, 

Dr , C , P . Daws on , 

Dr, L.O.Howard, 

Mr.C.L.Marlatt, 

Dr.CHart Merriam, 

Mr,C.E,Coville, 

Mr. G,H. Hicks, 

Mr, A..J.Pieters, 

Mr, L.H.Dewey, 

Mr. Thomas Taylor, 

Professor B.T.Galloway, 

Dr.Erwin P, Smith, 

Professor Albert P.Woods, 



Mr. Jefferson Middleton, 
Professor P.W.Clarke, 
Professor C.P.Marvin, 
Dr, L.O.Howard, 
Mr,D,W,Coquillett, 
Professor W.W.Carson, 
Gen. Roy Stone, 
Mr .E.G. Harris on, 
Mr.S.T.Neely, 
Mr. T.W.Sweeney, 
Mr.W.J.McGee, 
Mr .Walter Hough, 
Professor O.T.Mason, 
Professor Thomas Wilson, 






9rf.j OC* 

tiiloi,; aali.ariO.iCI 
. ri^iowlju?? ..=1.0 a-n .. iM 



aHOTAHOSAJJOO QT miTA.m 
:awoIIol as c.:^:}ir 

jMbwoH.O.J.iG 

t .•♦ ? slli: jjpoO , W, fl, iM 

t hm .:s t.i: .^ . W, W -10 aa eto'sl 

,noaBM.T,0 -roaasloT^ 



,YBa,0 mBJtJIxW.-rC!: 

t-oawBa.^.o.ia 

tbtBVfoH.O.J.iQ 

tCBBi "TlOil ^IBH, 'J , -i-a 

tSlXivoO.a.O.'xM 

^ ~ 1 y.r:, T n Bno rf T . 'tM 
tooW,'^ •tftrfXA ^oa3 9'io1<? 



30 



Mr.Merton B.Wait, 

Miss D.G.Passmore, 

Mr.W.H.Prestele, 

Miss Lillie Sullivan, 

Mr. P.Howard Dorsett, 

Dr. A. K. Fischer, 

Mr .W.A.Taylor, 

Mr , Gr . B . Bra eke 1 1 , 

Mr. J. W.Henley, 

Miss Amanda A.Nev/ton, 

Prof. Milton Whitney, 

Dr.A.C.True, 

Mr. George W.Hill, 

Mr. J, A. Arnold, 

Mr. C.R.Dodge, 

Mr. C.W.Richmond, 

Prof .C.V.Riley, 

Mr.C.A.D.Woltz, 

Mr .Wirt Tassin, 

Mr. J.E.Watkins, 

Mr. J, K.Benedict, 

Mr. Barton A. Bean, 

Mr.E.P.Upham, 

Mr. Charles 



Mr.J.W.Scollick, 
Mr .William Dinwiddle, 
Prof .P. W. True, 
Mr, Joseph Palmer, 
Mr .William Palmer, 
Mr. R.S.Mat thews. 
Prof .P.A.Lucas, 
Mr. Theodore A.Mills, 
Dr. Cyrus Adler, 
Mr.C.A.Steuart, 
Mr. C. P. W.Bergman, 
Mr .Henry Horan, 
Mr.M.L.Linell, 
Mr. I.M.Casanowicz, 
Mr.W.V.Cox, 
Mr. Leonard Stejneger, 
Mr, Paul Brockett, 
Mr. Geo. P. Merrill, 
Mr.W.C.Winlock, 
Mr.R.E.Earll, 
Mr. C.T.Simpson, 
Mr. Robert Ridgway, 
Mr.T.W.Smillie, 
Schuchert. 



"•»- O**"*^ 



,nsioH ^-^fnaH.tM 

( .■" r: ; '!<,\, )■( wsbO »M , I ♦ iM 



<nisvxIlH8 aillJtJ aaiM 



» -l^.A »'^ ■ 



C-. -fl^ 



J "£ 6doa iiU . H . A , *jG 

laojwsH.A abniauA aaxM 
t6Jj-iT.0,A.iCI 

, iinomdo Jt a , W, ♦ iM 

,3nx--^-"«^.'^,- ,11^ 



31 



REPORT OP THE REPRESENTATIVE 
of the 
Department of State, 

Of the |150,000 available for the preparation, in- 
stallation and return of exhibits by the various executive de- 
partments of the Government, the Smithsonian Institution and 
National Museum, and the U.S.Fish Commission, the sura of |2,500 
was allotted by the Board of Management to defray the expenses 
of the exhibit of the Department of State, and of the 58,000 
feet of available floor space in the Government Building, 800 
feet were assigned the Department for the proper arrangement of 
its display. , ^ 

Mr, John M,Biddle, a clerk of Class 1, Department of 

W W« Kf ■■^. '■ . 

state, was appointed Chief Special Agent by the Secretary of 
State and detailed to assist the Representative in the prepara- 
tion, installation and maintenance of the exhibit. It was also 
found necessary to employ a messenger who was a resident of At- 
lanta, Owing to the fear of destruction by fire, the Represent- 
ative thought it wise to exhibit only a few valuable documents, 
and placed them so that they could be readily removed in ease 
of danger. The originals of very valuable historical documents 
were not taken from the Department, but artotypes of a few of 
them, made by Mr,E,Bierstadt, of New York, were used instead. 
These were so well executed that it was difficult to tell them 



avi TATPfaesH^aH an? 'lo tko<ish 

9ri;f lo 

i)nB HQivtucti^tanl nBlnoadiime srii t^tnsiante vo€ 9ri;J lo a^Tnein^iBq 

OOStS*'! to muB 9ri.t tnoiariismoO rf2l'f[,S,lJ srC:? hnj; -mttBai/M ImioiiBVi 

asansqxs sricT ^^isilsib o;t j-nsmeaBHBM lo biijcti axtcf '^d b&iioll& sbw 

000,86 9ri;t lo basi ^QisiB to SnsaiiBqea 9ri;f 'to iididz<& erii lo 

008 tanifcliifS ^nsiun*!© voD srl:? ni sa.aqs locll filrfBrir.VB 'to ;r0©l 

lo inenia-%iLii-riB ic^qoiq ^xi^ tol jn&mJiciiqeG snj js&a^xaa*; S'isw :te9l 

lo e^nsmr^isqea »i: eebIO lo jI-isIo £. ,&I£)f>i:?r,K fT^oT..'rV 

lo xiiA-: ■-■xv:,r:: '^xiri Y<^ ctne^ IsioaqQ leiril: L»&Jxixoqqi» aBW ,9^B:t8 

-BiBqsiq 3di al QviiBiitaBBtqeH ed--i ^eleaB Gi belisisb brtB eiaiB 

ogIb 3BW cTI »d"J:d.tr{xo sd^ lo sonBas J-nlBtn dhb nox:fsJlB.tr::,Tt ,noJ:;t 

««*A lo inebiaQi b sb/^ miiw lefenoaasm b ^oiqiiis o.t viBaasoon Dnxjol 

-;tn9E9iq8H ©ri;t tS'ixl T^d noi;toiii;tg9i) lo ibsI eni oi gniwO «B*nBl 

tZin&msjoob eldBisl^r/ wol b vino jJ:dir{x9 o;t seiw ii od^iforr.-t f^viJ-s 

98B0 ni biivoiiib-i \.xxDBe'i 9d bXiJoo Yeric^ imii oa niaiicf bacBiq i)nB 

zin^msjoob Isoitoi&id eldauiBV ^*iev lo slBni§i'i0 9riT .-xsgnsb lo 

lo W'^l B lo a8q*^;to;riB ;tird ,ctn9nid-XBq9(I srict mo'il ne>lB:f Jon etsw 

,l)Be:t?,ni JDeair 9tew ^jfioY wsH lo t^tbBv-ta^sia.a^iM yq siiBin ^medS 

msrict Il9;r o? ;tljJoillii) aBW +i ^Bfi;t bed-jjosxs How oa 9i9w 989iiT 



30 



from the originals, so that for the information of the visitor 
the display was to all intents and purposes fully as valuable 
as if the originals had been on exhibition. The exhibit includ- 
ed portraits of the Presidents of the United States, a photo- 
graph of the Executive Mansion at Washington, and an illustra- 
tion of the working of the President's office by the exhibition 
of blank forms of nominations to the Senate, the seal of the 
President's office, engraved blanks for official entertainments 
by the President, blank forms for referring communications to 
the executive departments, samples of the stationery used in the 
President's office, blank warrants authorizing the Secretary of 
State to affix the seal of the United States to executive instru- 
ments, and blank commissions for the appointment of cabinet of- 
ficers, diplomatic officers, and others. The workings of the 
various bureaus of the State Department were also illustrated 
by a display of the various printed forms in use in official 
business. There were also letters from the heads of foreign 
governments to the President of the United States, pictures of 
the several buildings occupied by the Department of Foreign 
Affairs and the Department of State, and of the site of the city 
of Washington when it was adopted as the seat of government. 
The presentation to the United States of the statue by Bartholdi 
of Liberty Enlightening the ?/orld, now standing in the harbor 
of the city of New York, was illustrated by the exhibition of 
the original deed of gift to the United States and the paper 
showing the acceptance of the gift. On the partition walls sur- 
rounding the exhibit were various maps showing the growth of the 
diplomatic and consular representation of the United States in 



elaBjjIisv as ^^.iiii'i aeaoqtirq fon.B zinQitil IIb oi sbw Y-sIqelfo 9di 

"buloni jidlf^xe siiT .noiiJldiffxs ft© fepcf r sfrlstio eri;J tJt 8J9 

-Ovtorfq B , u t-:- hc^S teSinlj 9r- -o s:tiBi;f*soq fee 

«jst;JsuXXl HB rjHB ,nod'snirl8BV/ :tB no.cenBM 9vi3-jj09xa »ri:f lo riqBia 

srid" iC J ■ t-:...- amtol 3Cfif.Id 1o 

2*nefflni:B(tie;tas IbxoxHo tol s3inBld bsvB-rgne jeoxilc f. '^nsJbiESi^ 

10 \:iB:t 81098 6rfg 3nl:?:JtTorf:tifB s ioBiiBW Tin Bid ,30x1:io a'^nefclasT^ 

edi 10 a;sni:iiow eriT .8*isrioO bna ,8T9ox'ilo oictBinoIqif) ,8i9oil 

I)6;tBt*auIIi oeXb eiew itnsmctiBqsa; s^bcTS '^r^it ^o sr'Befr/d auoriBv 

IfiiDillo ni 3QV -■ -^•'•'••1 fisrt--'-- ■ ;•-• ■,..^-. . .u .o ^jd 

naisio'i lo abBed an? mo-il atsij'sl o?:iB e*isw stsriT .RBsnisud 

'^tJio srlit lo 9^X8 adi lo hns ,8;Ji3;?5 lo Snetni'SBq^Kl endr bna eiiBliA 
. t.-isjnntevog to i3^E b*^^ 3b ^&?(TO^^ a.- sdw no.t;£;nidaBW lo 

^.■^ .a , ..; _»-■._- ,^^ cct.,-^.: . !..:■. «.'^ noi;Jx»;?n&eerq edT 

TOdt.ix-; L'fTBiJ'a ViTon ,i^i*io'ifi Oi^J' s^ine jrf^UIna xiis61J. lo 

-lya aXlBw noi;txi-iBq 9ri;t nO »;t;tis ericf io Gf>nB;tqsooB eriJ gniworia 



33 



foreign countries, and maps showing the expansion of the terri- 
tory of the United States under treaty provisions. The visitor 
had also an opportunity of examining the proclamations by the 
various presidents of the United States, a facsimile of the 
Declaration of Independence, and of the rough draft of the Dec- 
laration of Independence by Thomas Jefferson with interlinea- 
tions in the handwriting of Adams and Franklin. There were por- 
traits of the signers of the Declaration of Independence and 
photographs of Monticello, near Charlottesville, Va., the home 
of Jefferson. The original constitution of the United States, 
now deposited in the Department of State, being too valuable 
for removal, a photographic reproduction was on exhibition, to- 
gether with print likenesses of the members of the convention 
which framed the constitution. There were also a statuette of 
George Washington, swords presented to the United States by 
Japan, and a collection of gold medals presented to this coun- 
try by foreign powers, with other interesting and valuable rel- 
ics, state papers, etc. 

Notwithstanding the careful handling of the articles 
exhibited, some of them, owing to their age, received injury. 
Such relics as Washington's and Jackson's swords, Franklin's 
staff, the papers of Washington and other early statesmen, and 
like articles kept on exhibition in the Library of the Depart- 
ment of State, should not, in the opinion of the Representa- 
tive, be removed for purposes of display at expositions in the 
future, owing to their extreme liability to injury or loss. Be- 
sides valuable relics of this kind, there is so little in the 
State Department suitable for exhibition that the Representa- 



-xtiect ftdit to noianjsqxe edi jjniworia aqain fens ,ssl.i;tKifOo ngieiol 

locMaiv ©rlT .snoip.ivoiq Y^J^^'i^ i^i"*ni^ ae;tBvt8 iJe^inU arfcf lo ^j-soct 

&rii xd zaQtismMlootq sdi sninxmBX© lo t^^ xnintioqqo nB osIb fcaii 

Qdi 'to sIxmiaoBt b <39oBct8 beilaV eni 1o aineblp-etq zuoSiiBV 

-oeQ sdct "io i'jtBii) ligyoi Qdi to bvLS taoaebneqabnl 1o hox^'bibIoqCI 

•*BonlI't9c)'ni rlJxw noats'llst aBraoiiT xd sonebnsqebal to noiJBriBl 

-'loq 9t8w 9i9iiT ,nil2laBT^ b.nB amBfoA lo anl:tltwi)nBff 9rli:t rrj: anoi^f 

bns eociaba&q&bnl to nox ..,>■, j-IosCI edct to aisn§(J:f> „:io .*J:Bi;f 

smori edi <.bV , aXIivasct^oIiBnO isen ,oIl90J:^noM 'io ariqBtaoc?orfq 

t39iB^8 bQiltil] 9i(i Io noiiisiL;i^noo IbiiIsxio silT .noste'ileL lo 

9ldBJJlBV oq;J 3j.iX9d t'jiBiS 'to inem^^taqed adi xti fjsJiaoqsb won 

-o^ taokildkdKs no bbw aolioijboiqet oxiiqaigoiJodq b ^iBVoais'i tol 

noid^navfioo ad? lo aisdniera ed^ "io 383a9ne:ffil ;tnj". -fq riJlw t9ri:t3g 

•,-• J aud'Bcf a 3 oalB 6'i9w oierfT . no i j- ii.t .1 ' ■■ .bsciBit doxdw 

Xd JiQiBJP. beiinlJ sdi oi x)9:}n939iq ab'iowa jfioii^aJtdsBW 9ai09f3 

-nuoo aids oc? l)8cfn9S9tq alB|)9ra blog 'io noxoosiloo b £)nB ,riBqBi; 

-Iu.''i sIdBJTiBv ■•■■".: :;;nJ:ct 89T&;?nx 'i9ri-' ';• ^'" ^aiewoq nsis'-iio'i y^^' X**^ 

»oie <at9qBq aJ-fid-a ,aoi 

asIoxiJiB Qdi to grfxIfenBd Iul9iB0 9d;t ■^aibnBf'adiiwio^. 

,\tulni bsvleoei « -j^ .;, lisit;^ ■"■' nnr.^o iCi9d«J Io sraos ^Bsitxdxdxd 

a»aifeI:Sf£BT:'5 ^alb-iowa a'noasioBlj iJfiB a'no^;^J:daBW 8B soxIst riojjg 

biLs tHsmseiBc^a yI-ibb ladcTo fcns noctaairiRBW to ataqaq ad^t ,1lB;ra 

-cf'iBqsCI sdi 'zo - — •'<■■•-• h- .-. r '-.^- -^ :,-:? -r -.-.■. .,0 ;^qs2{ aelC' =■ +"■ '-^^ 93(11 

~B^ii9a9tq95I 9iii lo iioiiilqo eiii ni jjo/; cljjodr, t3;tBiS Io S r^m 

&di nl anoint Jiaoqxe :tB xslqaib lo asaoqiuq -icol bavoragi 9d ,9vJ::t 

-99 .aaol -10 vuicni o;t YixIxdBil 9rn9i;tx9 "fi;^-ii .-.j gj^iwo ,9tij:?;jl 

ed^ xiJt Qliill oa al aian;? ,.bfix:^ ztdi lo aoiisi eldBwlBv agijie 

~B;tnsa9iq9H 9ri:f iadi noictldidx9 lol gIdBcfiua «tn©ffi:tiBq9CI eiaiB 



34 



tive has deemed it his duty to recommend to the Secretary of 
State that the Department be not represented in any government 
exhibit in the future. 

E.I.RENICK, 

Representat ive , Department 
of State . 



iMmQanart 






, -SO I Han. I, a 



35 



REPORT OF THE REPRESENTATIVE 

Of the 

War Department. 

— 0-- 

In compliance with the act of Congress authorizing 
an exhibit by the War Department, the following order was is- 
sued: 



Headquarters of the Army, 
Adjutant General's Office, 
Washington, August 31, 1894 



Special Orders 
No. 205. 



Extract. 
7, The following order has been received from the War Depart- 
ment: 

War Department, Washington, August 30,1894. 
In compliance with Section 3 of the Act of Congress 
approved August 18, 1894, entitled "An act making appropria- 
tions for Sundry Civil Expenses of the Government for the fis- 
cal year ending June 30, 1895, and for other purposes". Captain 
Thomas H.Barry, 1st Infantry, is hereby detailed to represent 
the War Department as a member of the Board of Management of 
the Exhibit by the Government of the United States to be made 



9.r{.-t 1Q 

aai:2itori:t5fB aaetanoO lo Jos erfcf ds i\f sonjsllqrac^ '^■!' 
•ai SBW Tsbio aniwollol srl? , Jfi9m:ri«q9CI ibW erii xd cfidliixs ns 

:£)9i:j3 



^681 ,££ :tauauA ,no.tanirfasW 



. COS . 0?^ 



-:f'iBq9G ^BW 9ri;J motl b9vj:909T n99d 8Bri i9b-io aniwollo'^t 9r(T .V 

: Jnsm 

.^eaitOe jRHijuA ,noitj]air(sBW ^.1^9ra:f^Bq9a tfiW 

3a9tanoO 'to :?oA 3[ii lo S rjoi;to9e rfcfiw goniillqraoD nl 

-jsiiqotqqB anijiBffi :>ob riiV i)9l:fJ::tn9 t>681 ,81 ;taL'auA i)9V0tqqB 

-ail eri^ -:ol Jnemn-iovor' 9.riJ lo a9an9qx!ff livlO Yii-3njj8 lol 3noi:t 

niBSqaO ,''a9Roqiijq "(9rfJo 'tol bnB ,5881 ,02 9nuL :^£tlbn6 nsex Lao 

;fn939fq9T oi i)9lij5:t9b Tjd9t9rl ai ,v;iJnBlnI :ral ,YTiBa.H sBmoriT 

lo Ja9ra9aBn3M lo biBoS edf lo i9d-n9ni b as inem^itaqea ibW 9ri:J 

9f)Bra 9cf o:i ao^B.ta bgcTinU sdi lo :Jn9mni9V0x) Qdi ^d cTidirixa arii 



at the Cotton States and International Exposition, to be held 

at Atlanta, Ga., in the year 1895. 

Joseph B.Doe, 

Acting Secretary of War. 

By command of Major General Schofield; 
Thomas M.Vincent, 

Acting Adjutant General. 

Letters were accordingly addressed by the representa- 
tive thus detailed, to the chiefs of the several bureaus of the 
War Department, calling for a statement of the articles which 
could be advantageously exhibited by each bureau, and sugges- 
tions were invited as to the character, preparation and display 
of the same. The Board of I^Ianagement allotted to the War De- 
partment for the expenses of its exhibit $14,000, and 4800 
square feet of floor space for the display. After considera- 
tion of the replies of the several chiefs of bureaus in connec- 
tion with the available funds and floor space, it was decided 
to have prepared for exhibition the articles suggested by the 
Quartermaster-General, the Chief of Engineers, the Chief of 
Ordnance and the Chief Signal Officer, Exhibits by the Medical 
and Subsistence Departments, consisting of a complete field hos- 
pital and field commissary, respectively, to be displayed in 
connection with an encampment of two companies of the 5th Reg- 
iment of Infantry from Port McPherson, were also approved by 
the Secretary of War. 

In order that the arrangement and location of the 
several articles exhibited may be clearly understood, a floor 
plan of the exhibit accompanies this report. 




,90(1,8 flqeaoL 
,ibW Io ^la^teiosB a^^^^A 

iMsilorioe lij'tensO to tBM lo bnflrarnoo y9 

0di lo aifB6>iiJd iBisvsa siij" io E'tsuiv) t^^ivt oi ,boj. i-r.-.e!) au/i^ evict 

rioiriw aslDicTiB edS lo :r f!9m©:t£;ta b tol jjnillBO ,:r rfSflicTiBqsa ibW 

-Bs^^'iua b.iB ^uBb-usd rioB9 ^d bscfidirtxe ^lajjoaaBctnBvbB ed biwoo 

XBlqsii^ DiSis noi^B-voifia-iq ,'it.K^oB'£Bric ' '■* o;J HB bs-rTivfti 9-f9w anoii 

-ea ibW 9d:^ 03 bsiioLlB inemQ'^&ns^: lo biBoa 9riT ♦ emBa 9fi^ lo 

008^ bns tOOO.^lt cfidirUo aii lo asangqxa Qdi lol :tn9md"iBq 

-iiisbisnoo -lec^A .viBiqeib siiJ -icl sosqa 'looll lo ;t99l e'lBupB 

-osnnoo ni awBoiud lo alsiiin iB-^svea 9ri:t lo asiXqai edi lo noii 

bsbtosb 3BW ?i: ,90Bqs looXl bn& ahmit sldBLtavB edi ittiw no ti 

Qd-3 \d Da^iao^awa aeXoiitB ed:i .•■ ;: tj. ... -...'^ ^^etBqatq 9VBf{ oct 

lo IsxfiO 9d:t ,ai9eniana lo l9irfO edi ^iB'iwnsiO-toctaBni-igctiBWp 

lB0ib9M 9ri,t vd acfididxa .I90ill0 iBnaiB l9JtrtO 9d^ bns 9onBnMO 

-aod bl9il e^ralqcsoo b lo a^ic^ajanoo ^ainem:^f&qQ(l 9oneJ8xadir8 brts 

ni be^Blqaib 9d o-t ,^l9vi.-t0 9qa9t ^^-fBaaicoiaoo bl9il bnB iBCtiq 

~r,9H di? ed^ lo aelnBqmoo owvt lo :rn9mqraBon9 ns ri:r iw noiJo9nnoo 

^G iDsvoi-i^i^ ;..aiii ot9W ,n0 3te^-' ""^ ^'ro'? rao-tl N^ic^nBlnl "Ic ctrtf^int 

»ibW lo ^itB.tei0 98 dilJ 
aoi:tsool briB Jnemsj^nsitB edi i&dd tabid nl 
tooxi i:. ,:)oo.^t9bnu ^IibcIs .. ^ - s.rfnM^-A ^^^LoU-rA r .tprea 

.;ttoq9t axd^ aeiiiBqmoaoB vJidlriX9 9:lJ lo n^uq 



War Depaetme:nt Exhibit 

Atlanta Exp o sition 
scale: id^=r 



■ 





I 









IS 


/7 t€ 


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2.6"^ 2.7 



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^323-:aix:> 



c::? CI? <o 




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60 \:>A/ 








ladces Toitet 



38 



The following popular description of the exhibit, 
which is abridged from an article which appeared in one of the 
leading newspapers of the country, will give a fair general 
idea of the collection as a whole. 

"In the exhibit of the War Department there are uni- 
forms, trimmings, equipments and swords, flags, guidons and ri- 
fles, pictures showing the various army posts, pack mules. Army 
wagons, General Thomas' office wagon, Custer relics, revolu- 
tionary banners, silken colors belonging to regiments, battal- 
ions, armies, corps, divisions and brigades. A case of chevrons 
enables one to spot all the non-coms you may meet in going from 
one end of the land to the other. This sturdy figure with 
matchlock and rest on his shoulder is a Puritan soldier of 1620, 
who, we may assume, is on his v/ay to destroy Indians and lay 
the foundation for trouble that has endured right up to this 
very year. Then we come upon a group of Revolutionary officers 

SI. 

and men, only we imagine that in those hard days the average of 
the army did not look so spick-and-span or so thoroughly cap-a- 
pie. The 1812 squad is hardly so attractive. Trousers were 
coming in and they were very unpleasant. Then we find how our 
army looked during the Mexican war, when the dress was rather 
scant and boyish, while another little company reveals the 
change and possibly the advance they made up to 1852. Still 
another group illustrates the soldiers of the civil war and it 
takes several gatherings to show what the army is like at pres- 
ent. We have a general, said to represent Schofield, in all 
the splendor of gold lace and other frills to which his rank 
entitles him, and following him a glittering staff, line offi- 



edi to sao ai bo-iBeqqB riairfw sloi^ijs ns raotl be^btids ai rloiriw 

. elorlw B iixi ::yi-: -J uslloo sdi lo Bsbi 

"iciu ets 91911;^ cfnemcriBqQd ibW sr(jr lo cfidirfxs ail;? nl" 

-tT f)nB anoi)ius,3^i5ll ,3fofOkVa bne Svtnsmqiups taanimaiitit ^arj^ol 

YCi"tA ,33ljrin jioBq ja^taoq T^raiB auoi-fBv sricT j^nivforla ae-^uJoiq ,8911 

-jjl0Y8T ,aoil9*t TaJeuO tno^,BW 901 'ilo *3BraoriT iBienef- esnosBW 

-iB^rcTjt^d «a.tnerai;:^9f o:f gnisnolod a-ioloo neiilia ,3t9nnBd x'^Br.oii 

arroivsfiD lo 9aB0 A . S9i)BS-r.'-'^ '"^5 snolaivib ,3qioo ,3i:7ia-{B ,anol 

motl aaioa ni iaem --ism uo\ amoo-non edS ILb ;foqa ocf ano agldBne 

riitiw eiuyil ^f^'^w^s alriT .i9r{Jo 9ji';l 0^ bnsX ed:} lo bne 9no 

,0231 lo teiftloa na.^ •--•^^'^ b ai leblfjods aid no ctaai .briB 3iooIrio;tBm 

^Bl jbnB anBii)nI \;o'i^:r89£) oS y-S^ sirf no si ,9ra/J83B \Bm 9W ,or{w 

aJtri^ o:f qu jfi^ii l)9tj;i)n9 afiri :iBdi eldtrctt toI no J: :tB&n jjoI 9r{;t 

B^.BOillo YiBHOl + ifIov9H lo qjjo-^j^ « no>.i>. .-...WW -./ nsriT .iBsy )/i9V 

lo 9;jBio VB 9fi:t avBi) i)^B^I 920ii;:f ni JBri:J eni^Bmi ew vino ,n9iii JbnB 

-B-qBo x^d^uotod.i 03 10 nBqa-bnB-3foiqa oa :iooI Jon bib y^ib 9r[^ 

8'I9W 8t93iJ0TJ' . evi j OB*l>tdB 08 '^IlDlBli 81 bBifpS SI8I dflT . ^ '' "^ 

'Cijo wofl bnll 9W n9riT ,^nB8B9lqnu xtev 9-1 9W ^{9iiJ i3nB nl gnimoo 

igrfJBt aBw aa9Tfj ed3 nedff j'tbw nBoj:x9M 9r{;t ^niiuf) i392fooI ^rmB 

erf:r alB9V9-< xnBqrnoo '5l:t3il t9rI:tor(B slirfw ,r{3iY0^' ''''■■ -^ -^neoa 

IIi:tS .S58I ocJ qjj abBm ^edi QonBvbB sdS xLdl&aoq baa b^nBrio 

:ii fon.s 'iBW livxo srfJ' lo ateibloa sdi 39^Bi;faLrIXl quot^ i9rf;fona 

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IlB ni ,bIbi'torioB ^^naaa-iqei oi bi&a ,iB'i9n9a b avBii 9W .one 

:}{nB*i airi rfoi.iw oi zllitt i9nc^o bna 90bX blog lo lobnelqa srfit 

-illo sail ,llB^8 ani-i9J:riIi^ - v:;--: u,,- >,/,-! iiol hnB ,ffii,r{ 39l.ti:tn8 



o 



cers, the rank and file of various branches, a colored cavalry- 
man, a cavalry scout, and a mounted Indian trooper. The Ord- 
rj^n ce,J)^^j^^,tment sends a number of queer old weapons, foreign 
trophies and gifts, as well as native products, and there is a 
case of rifles that have burst from gas, overcharges or obstruc- 
tions. Here is an armor piercing shot for a 12-inch rifle that 
weighs half a ton and is fired by 450 pounds of powder, with 
other shot grading down in weight to 12 1-2 pounds. There is 
a 7-inch siege howitzer, a 5-inch siege gun and carriage, a 
3 6-10 inch field mortar and carriage, a battery gun of smaller 
bore, with caisson, battery wagon, forge and limber, 25 carbines 
and 3 musketoons of American and foreign make, and several ri- 
fles and carbines taken from battlefields or captured from hos- 
tile Indians. The engineer section contains models of a gun 
lift battery, barbette battery, mortar battery, dams, locks. 
Key West Harbor, spar bridge and toii^edoes. There is something 
uncanny in the idea of these disappearing guns that pop out 
suddenly from unexpected banks, blow your head off and silently 
sink back into the earth and nobody says anything. The mortars 
in their square pits could also be very unpleasant, for they 
can deliver a fire of sixteen shells in a volley, or can drop 
them around where they will do the least good, one at a time,.^ 

"There is one part of the army exhibit that is of 
strong and pathetic interest. It is that of the Greely expedi- 
tion relics. While it is the business of the soldier to charge 
into the imminent deadly breach, when told to do so, there is 
a certain excitement that carries him through a battle, but in 
the far North, out of the reach of all their fellow men, even 
the savage ones, abandoned and disappointed, left with no shel- 



n?a.!:c-^'rol ,MnoqB9\v i).rn -^-^isp lo tsdmmt b abnee in&niiii>q^9a 90ni>n 
£ ax G'ion;J ba& ^z^ouDOiq svlS&a. 8B Il9w b& ,8;tlxa l3aB aeirfqciJ 
-Diri;t8do 10 ssyiBrio'iSvo ,ej3a rao-rl ctatud svarl JBrfc? aalllt lo qsbo 
^Bd:^ Ql'it-y noat-^l b -rol ioda saiotaiq ^OiOTB ns g1 e*i9H ,Bnoii 
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)i9f(T ♦abfiuoq 2-1 SI o>; id^lQv nx nwoi) a^ii)B^a ;foris -f&dio 
.6 .©sBi-rtBO br-B Hiia 938X3 p'.oni~5 b <*tcisJiY/ori ej^s^e r-,r.;.-Y ^ 
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sgnidiBO 62 ,i9dmJtI I)nB satol jixoaBW \iQ;}iB(i ^noeaxBO H^iw ,9'£od 
-i•^• I.Q~9V93 bns ,97lBCf! nsi9*toi fi-^B rrrtoiiemA lo anoo;ts:?(8i;ra £ briB 
-eon mo-ii iD©"fijd-qBo to aclall&ij jBd mo'il na^iB^t asnidiBO bnB asll 
Hi/a B lo al9bora aniBcfnoo aoiio&z issnians sriT .anBibnl 9li;t 
fZ-ilooL ^araBb <yT9:t:r6i:f -fs:t*tofn ,Y'^9vt;jBd 9^cred'iBd ^^^'-'^^'^Bd :ilill 
aniiij&irioa ai steriT ,a9009q-xoJ baB sgJbl'id laqs ,*iod'£BH ^asW \:9:i 
;tuo qoq iBd:! snua anJtiBsqqBaib 939r(J' lo Bsbi edi ni xmiBonu 
vI^fToIi?, bns llo bBsri ii/ov: wold ,57lnad b^ tosqxenu motl vlrigbbua 
i''^- • .aniiiJ Yii-o 2^B3 \bo6on. riJB xiJTBg ddi oinl ilOBd Aula 

Xedi lol ,:rnB8B9lqnjj yi9V 9d oalB bluoo Qi i.q eiBirpa Tig/fcT ni 
qoib HBO '10 tY9lIov B ni allsria ne9:txi8 lo s^xil b T9viX9b riBO 
,9mx^ B :?B 9no tbooQ .tsBel gii;? ob IXiw vsdJ s'^griw bnLfOiB modi 
Jo si :tBri;t ;tidir{X9 x^'^^ srl:? lo :t*iBq 9no ai etgriT" 
-ibsqxs YlseiS 9d:r lo ^ biU ai *I .:tas'fn:tni oi.+ 9ri:rBq brfB v^-ro-Ua 
saiiiii;:. oj -It? '.bios 9ii:j aaei.'ii 3i;d 9x1^ si il sXiriW .aoiio-x iioi^ 

ai s-Yerfit ^oa ob o;t bXocf n9flw ,xioB9*id -^IbBeb ;Jneaimrai 9rl:r oiat 
ni tffd y9.r.j-.:tsd i? dywotdi mid asiiiBO isdS ^n9ffl9crioxe niBcf-r^o b 

!::^v;.! j;;.-::}r:j v<(.)j.i. y.i 'iit.^llJ IXB lO r{0B9*T 9dJ " .^ j ISO jd^TOH 'iiil OdJ 

-X9da Oft ricfiw ;tl9X jJbs^nioqqBaib bcxB benobnBd& ,aeno a^Bvae 9ri^ 



40 



ter but a tent and a hut, the little band of American soldiers 
had to face death in a slower and more dreadful form, and one 
by one they fell victims to it — starvation — until a mere hand- 
ful remained. Had the rescue party been a day or two later 
there might not have been a survivor and no exhibit here". 
vnjjn- In connection with the exhibit as above described, 

the following enlisted men were on duty: 

Post Quartermaster Sergeant J, J.Hittinger, 
Sergeant Frederick Mayer, Battalion of Engineers, 
o;: Private Charles Muller, Battalion of Engineers, 
exoft'^ Sergeant Thomas F.Thorpe, Ordnance Department, 

First Class Sergeant C.O.Hastings, Signal Corps, 
Sergeant Henry W. Stamford, Signal Corps, 
Commissary Sergeant John Flach was detailed for duty 
with the camp commissary, uruu.> 

Commutation of rations at $1.60 per day was paid to 
these men by the subsistence Department ; quarters at the rate 
of one room each and fuel were furnished them by the Quarter- 
master's Department. These allowances were necessary and were 
found to be sufficient. Excepting the Representative, no com- 
missioned officers were on duty with the exhibit. Every effort 
was bent to make the exhibit complete and thoroughly illustra- 
tive of the functions and administrative faculty of the Depart- 
ment, and it is believed that this was accomplished with the 
minimum expenditure of the fund allotted. The entire Govern- 
ment exhibit was thoroughly examined by the President of the 
United States and the members of his cabinet, in view of which 
fact the Representative deems comment as to the sufficiency, 
appropriateness and general character of the exhibit to be un- 
necessary. 



"hnxid 8'i3iii ij ix;Jiii; --noict BviBita"-:?! o:t smivtoiv iitj'i liai-f^t 9no yd 
19:?jbI owi 10 xBh b n&ed ^Stsaq suoast eiU bsVL ^bent^ndt list 
»"9-for{ :t!-dir'xfi on hrta •rovivniB b rr.i>d avBii "on ::tf{aicft e'xsrfit 
,i)9di'i030i; ;; voob sjo Jidiiixs siict dirif frojtv^oannoo nl 

:y:tj;ffi no eievf nam f)e;t3iln9 Qnlv/oIIol sd^ 

,3ia9ni§na: 'lo noiiiiJ-JBa t'i9\:aM ^oi-isbs-r-i wiiiioatsS 
,a*t96niana lo noilB^^fBS ,T9IIjjM agliBdO e^Bvii^. 

,2qioO iBngia ,8ani j3bH.u,'J JnBsaioa ssbIU :f3t.t^ 

,aqtoD iBngia ,fnolmB:t8.W Y'^n9H onB9at98 

^iisb Tol l)9liBcf9l) EBV/ rfoiAl'5 nrfoL JfTBsais?^ viBaaimcnoO 

, '^1 B a a inmio o qmBo s ,ri j ri j i w 
o;t bzBq BBW v:b6 leq 06, if i& anol:JBi to no tt aS iJmaoO 

Q^Bi Old -its o"f£-.tni3Lrp; .+ fTOffictiBqsCI sori9;f aiadua sdi ^,6 nem 9?.eii:t 

-isjiiijjp Oiij ^^ci iiioiij i) en a I in ;i i e'isw Isirl i>nB fIoB9 raooi ano lo 

sigw i)nB YT^B38909n e'f9w ssoaBwollB gasriT .;Jn9(n;tiBqea s»*T9;taBm 

-moo on ,evJ:;J3:?r!33orcfBH ^.-rCt :^rT.!:.-tqc-ox[? . ^tneloilTrira 9d o>t bn.f/ol 

-BiJauIXl xJCxiyuoTOdit bim 959lqmoo ^idlrixe 9d:t solBtn o.t :tn9d aaw 

-^fiBqsd 9d:t lo Y-IJ-fOB'i 9vJ: j'BT.tolnicjfiB i^rtB <5noi :tnrtrrl ffdt to eviit 

9nJ liJiw i)6riaixqiiio?:JtJiii aBW aj rtj j.ji/u Dyvaxlec c.s. :j i jokb ,:i^:9ra 

~ni9V0x) Q^iiciQ eriT ,b9^JoIlB bnu'i dd-? lo siulifcnsqxe Eii;jmi.n.tm 

9du to .tnobx39t1 9ri:J ^d h9nlrn£,K0 vldnt'OtorC.-* 33W itididxs Jnain 

dolrivir lo welv nl ^ite-ridBo aid ic- t.'yorv;;! :,• ■ j i.^uii aeJii^JS beiinU 

,\;oa9ioilljja 9ri:t o>t aB ;Jn9ratnoo 3ra99b 9vi:;tB;tn9a9*iqeH Q£i:i .tOBl 

-nx; ed oJ vlididxa eri:t lo tectoBiBrio lB'i9nea bna aaenaitBiiqOTqqB 

.ytBaasosn 



41 



Of the $14,000 originally allotted to this Department, 
by the Board, about $9,000 was the balance available after de- 
ducting all expenses. This saving was made by reason of the 
economic administration of the expenditures for material, and 
especially for labor. No persons were employed unless their 
services were necessary and indispensable. 

In view of the probability of future exhibits of this 
kind by the War Department, the Representative deems it not out 
of place to add here the following conclusions drawn from the 
experience gained in the preparation, installation, and return 
of the exhibit of the War Department at the Cotton States and 
International Exposition. 

The legislative act appropriating moneys for Govern- 
ment exhibits at expositions should apportion the amounts to 
the several executive departments. Then any savings made by 
any one or more departments can not be diverted to other pur- 
poses, and must revert to the Treasury of the United States. 
The Board of Management is thereby spared the task of allotting 
the appropriation, which can not be done to the satisfaction 
of all concerned, and which causes more or less friction and 
complaint. 

For an exposition of the general scope, character and 
duration of that recently held at Atlanta, Ga., one hundred 
thousand dollars economically disbursed will be all sufficient 
for a comprehensive and complete exhibit by the Government, and 
fifty thousand dollars is sufficient for the consti-uc tion of a 
suitable building. 



-Ojc -is^Ib 9io-»lli3VB oonBljod 9fi:J aBW 000, G| :t;roc[j3 j&iiaoa srio ^o' 

9ri;J "10 noan&'i vd eftBm sbv/ ^nivsa airiT .asaasqxs IIb gni ;toirb 

bnB flsii^va* B^. -fol a9ikr:ti:i3n9qx6 rtd;t J^o noi.tBt:? ainimfeB oxmonoos 

•iierl.t sesinu be^olqme s'lev; anoaisq oM .lodsl toI \;IlBi09q39 

.sIdBaneqaibni briB v-iBaasosn stsw asoivisa 

8iri;J lo a;tidMx9 siuiijl 'to x^i-ti^d'iido'rq sricf lo wqIv nl 

iiio (ton ?i ani9eiD 9 viJBCfnsaa-iqeH sdi , JrtsmJiBqeCI ibW adi x^^ dhIjI 

sriJ motl nwBiJb ano iaijlorroo ^jnivrollol 9d;J aisrl bbs Oj soBlq lo 

a'fLr;t9i ft:iB ,noi:JBlIi3:tp,ni ^rfcLt jstiiqs'tq sri:t cri bBni Q}\ eoasitaqxe 

bnB a9vBJ'8 noj3"oJ 9Av- oB ;Jnem;t*iBq90 ibW erlcf ■ ■.. iaxrtX9 siiJ lo 

.noi:tJ:aoqxa iBaoii Bntsinl 
-ni9V0f' to'S avenom nnistBiTqoTqqB d'OB svioBlalael 9riT 

0<? BctTujcjinJd 5nj aci j-.ioq'.iB Dluoris anox o ,taoq>:9 ;Js a^Jidiflxe :txieffl 

Xd Qbiim a^nivBP. ■^na neriT ,a;Jnsra;tiBq9f) avi^tirosxe iBie V9a edi 

-tuq rf>ri;:to o^ foetttsvil) 9d ion nso ziness.:fii3qsh siojn fo sno "'^hb 

.aBJ.i^-::; bG:tJLfiU b:ij lu '•ii>iaB9iT 9;i;J- o:f i'levei iJaui.i j:rw-o jauaoq 

3nJt;t;toIlB lo ziesi erict fos^rBqa Yd9*T9ri;t s.fc JaemgaBnaM lo bi&o3. eriT 

nol::toB*isJ?B3 edi oi snoJb 9d .-ton hbo ifoiriw ,xioi:tBiiqoiqqB ariJ 

Dim iio.ijrji.-tl aaal 'to .otom asauBO doid'^ i3nB,i)en'iei)noo Ila lo 

.(tniBlqmoo 
f)nB T9:*oB*^Brfo ,9qoo8 Isiansa edi lo nol J iioqxs fiB to'5 

.oti'-iMUji-i ©no ,»B{) ^B^fHBlcfA :tB bled xli.y.aoQ^ ctBiicT lo noiitBiub 

j'naioillj/a lis Bd XlJtw Ijsaiudaii) YllBoimonooa a-^Allob i>nBeuori;t 

biiB ,;tt^errjT'f9Vo€ Qdi xd iidisixs Q^fslqxiioo briB 9vi8n9r(9iqraoo b lol 

s lo iiOA i)5j*{;Jaaoo eri:^ •^.ol .tngioillua aJt aiBLlob bm^sisod:} ^itlll 

.jjnlflliud eldBitiue 



42 



Auditor for the State b.nd otherDepartments 



43 



Ten thousand dollars will be ample to meet all. prpper 
expenses of an exhibit by the War Department. 

One commissioned officer in general charge and a few 
non-commissioned officers, are a sufficient force for duty in 
connection therewith. 

The legislative act providing for a Government ex- 
hibit should provide the same allowances for subsistence, trans- 
portation, etc, to the Army and Navy members of the Board of 
Management, as are made to civil members, 

THOMAS H. BARRY, 

Captain, 1st Infantry, 

Representative , War Department. 



— — 



dnajjiu XTi: 



♦ ?^^ffl;J^Bq^a *ibW edi X'^ ^icfirlxs hb lo saaaeqxs 
W9l B Lhb s^'fsiio iBisnea at leolTlo beno laatamoo snO 
ni Y^i^'^ '^o^ soto'l Sasioi'lliJB b sta ,aT601'lj:o bsnoiaai-ffimoo-non 

»dil'ff3'^9di noiioenaoo 
"Xe ctrrsmm&voO is lol snibivofq :toB svi-tBlaigsI eriT 
■6nB*i:r , :^orf^:t3i8dua lol asonBwoIlB eraBa edi ei)ivo'tq nluoria c^xdirl 
lo I-'iBCH 9r{5 xo ai8dmem yvBH briB \ci'xk adi Oj ,o;J9 ,nolJB;ttoq 

,at8dmeiu Ixvio o:t 9i>Bm 91b e.a tinetne^^BnaM 

tYHHAg .H SAMOHT 
,v'i:t^B!LnI iBi ,ni:B;tqBO 
.^nsffi^iBqsa 'fBW{ 9vi::rB;Jnaa9^qsH 



--0-- 



44 



REPORT OF THE REPRESENTATIVE 
of the 
Navy Department. 

The Board of Management of the United States Govern- 
ment Exhibit, on which, by the Department's order of October 1, 

^\ ... . . 

1894, the lenders igned was the Representative of the Navy De- 
partment, assigned the Navy Department from the $150,000 appro- "* 
priation by the Government, the sum of $12,500 to provide for 
thfe eJipenises of its exhibit, }500 of which was afterwards turned 
over to the Representative of the Department of Justice, because 
not needed by the Navy Department, For an exhibiting space 
the Navy Wa's given the eastern half of the north wing of'the'^ 
building, 80 feet long and 60 feet wide. It was pla^n that in 
so small a space exhibits from each of the different bureaus 
of the Department' would be impossible, and it was, therefore, 
decided to confine the exhibit to the Bureaus of Construction 
and of Ordnance, and to select such articles for exhibition as 
would enable the spectators to readily understand the various 
changes and advance in ship building for military purposes, and 
in ordnance construction from the first days of the century to 
th'e present day. 

Through the kindness of the Chief of the Bureau of 
Construction, the Representative was enabled to exhibit the 



r±^ 



-^0 — 

,1 *i9doc^oO "io i9f)io 3*;taoffl.tiBq9CI edi ^cd ,.t-Ioiriw 'to ^cridiriXS icism 

-eCE yvbM 9rf;? to svli siciBZQtqQil Bdi aisw jbensisiebnu ©ricf ,1^681 

-0-iqq.s OOOjOSlf edi rao'tl i nem:} tsq^eCL y;vs'A edi 139031220 ,^n9in:t*ij3q 

lol 9Jbxvo^q o.t 006,21$ I0 rniJ8 9cf:t j:tn9mm9V0t) ericT ^Q' noi;t3iiq 

ben-xui Bbtsw^BitA asw doirfw to 005$ ,^idlrfx9 3^i lo a98n9qx9 ed^ 

93Jj^09d ,90icfau"G to c^nsract tsqaCI 9ri^ to 9yi:;JB;tn939iqsH edi o:f 19VO 

eoBqa anid^idxdxQ ns -10^ ,iaBmi'tBq&(l y^sW ari^ yc^ bQbe&a ;tor! 

sriJ to 8ni«r d^ion 9di to tiBd m9:fsB9 9d;t iibvI-q zaw ^vbH 9dJ 

ni ;tBd:f n^Blq aaw cfl .9i)iw :t99l 09 bns snol ^eet 08 ,anibliijd 

awB&'TL'd ^nstettil) edi to do^D9 moft 3;fldidx9 aoBqa n "'f.^r oa 

,9T:ot9T:&d* ,aBw .+ i ftnB ,9ldi3aoqn3i 9d blwow ^tnsmc^TBq&d sd;? to 

noijOjJictanoO to aJJB9'xjj9 &di oi :tidl:dx9 adi enttnoo 0^ f)9i)xo9h 

3B nci .t j;di:dx9 tot asIoidfiB doh^a loelee ocf bnh ,9o^B^fc>^0 to baa 

awoiiBv ed:i bnaisiBbnu )£llf)B9*r o;t a'io;tB:fo9q8 9rit dIdBn9 Mjjow 

briB ,39aoq"f5jq xtBiiltm lot ^nioliud qiria nt honsvbB bn& seanBdo 

oi Yi.u;tn9D edi to aviiJb :fs*iit odi raott noi^touioanoo 9onBal)TO at 

,X^b ;fn9a9'iq edi 
to uB9ijja 9rf;J to taidO 9dd- to asenbnt:A. edi d3uo^dT 
eri^f ^J:did.x9 ocf .b9ldBn9 aaw 9vJ:JB^n9a9tq9H 9d:f ,noJt;f ow'i;t8noO 



45 



superb collection of models of the vessels of the new navy Be- 
longing to that Bureau, and the Superintendent of the Naval 
Academy with equa^l kindness loaned him the many models of the 
men of war of earlier days from the Department of Seamanship of 
that institution. With these models, which included a speci- 
men of nearly every class of fighting ships in use for nearly 
two centuries, was placed the torpedo boat of the U«S,S. Texas , 
with its torpedo in place. 

It was the general opinion that no such complete ex- 
hibit of the science of ship-building as applied to men of war 
was ever made before. Half of the space was taken up by this 
and the remaining half was assigned to Ordnance. 

In the exhibit of Ordnance the same system was followed 
as in that of ship-building. Real guns with their projectiles 
of each period showed the armaments that were carried by the 
men of war of the corresponding dates. By reason of the dif- 
ficulties of handling, it was impossible to show specimens of 
the heaviest guns of the present day, but the Chief of the Bu- 
reau of Ordnance kindly loaned a V-inch rapid-firing and a VI- 
inch rapid-firing, which were sufficient to show the high pow- 
er breech loading cannon of the present day. In the Ordnance 
exhibit was placed a collection of pikes, cutlasses, muskets 
and pistols gathered frcm different sources. 

The wall space of the section was so taken up with 
windows as to leave but little room between them. Therefore 
large paintings of modern ships executed by a skilful artist 
were placed there. 

With the assistance of Professor Gardner from the 
U.S. Naval Observatory a complete time-ball outfit was purchased 



-sQ Y-.rBn wan sdi lo aleassv sdS lo sleboiu Tto noJ:;Jo3lIoo diequa 

sxlcT lo al9i)0in Ynsm erf^ mirf /janBOl ?,a9nJbn.c3l l^upe n-tJiw Yfii9£»BoA 

lo qifienBCiQsa lo inemiiBqea arfcJ- mcfl s^iij^ ^silisa lo -jjsw lo asm 

-iosqa B bebisloni rfoxrfw .slsbom ezsdi dilW .aoiUs^ftiBni ;}Bdi 

Yl-x^sn "lol ©au ni aqirie sni^dail lo asslo x-^sva YitBsn lo nsin 

«15i£ii .a.3*U 9ffi lo iBOd olD9qio;f , '." b&oslq as?/ ^BQi-ns^aso owi 

.eoBiq ni ol)9qiod- a^?x rl^iw 

«X9 scfalqnxoo lions Ofr +a!^.t nolniqo iBiensa 9^^ 3bw .tl 

iBW lo nem oi bsilqcu.. o,b aaJtbliud-qlrle lo eonaioa 9rf;r lo ;tidirl 

airfcr Yd qjj n92lB:t sbw sosqa edi lo lIsH .a-folsd 9i)Bm i9V9 ebw 

.90fTsnr)-iO o:f f:ienaiaaii sbw llBrf gninlBros-Y 9d? bnB 

i)9WoIIol aBvsr in9;taYs aii.oft -^iIj ovuBab^O lo ^idJtdxo arf^ nl 

a9li;toeto'iq iX9ri:t rf;tiT ans/s IbsH .aniflliud-qirfa lo ;fBrf;t ai 8B 

9rf:r Ycf i)9it^B^ e'le'// jBri;t Qinemzrr.iiB exit .bsworia fcoi-rfta rfoaa lo 

-lii> -■■'■^ -:;•;■ -osbqi y^ .•^^::?b£i a^ii^Ji^uqciat'tioo erij lo ibw io aora 

lo afidmioaqa woria o:t sXdiaaoqici afiw cfi t^alLbnsd lo S3i;tljj0i:l 

«uS 9f(;t lo l9ifiO edS iisd ^vsh inQaetq ^rf^t lo anjjs :ts 3xVB?^rf °di 

"-IV B fons an'"-^ ■■"--■tqisi doni-Y b idnBoi. y;j-i;nj:jl 9ortBni>iO to i^^v^'i 

-woq rigixl orict worta oi itnai oillua 919W rfoiriw jgniTil-rsIqB'X rloni 

9onBnib-iO 9r(.t nl ^-^bd inae-s-iq edi lo nonnBO :^rtibsoI rfonsi.i -is 

3^95Ceirm ^-saaaBLtuo ^^^Jllci xo iioiJoalloo b i)90Blq aiiv.- .tidiiixo 

.aaatuoa inaiellli) no'il bs'isd^B-^ Bloistq has 
dilw qjj ne:?^.s;t o?-. °Bvr no.i:toea erf^ lo soBq^ .1 Ibw oii? 
ji-i'n r ',^c,f.> ___ '-■-" :i:-6..^..i - ■.. ^ ': - u'Ci oyBai OCT csB awofcnlw 

;taiJ'iB li/llxiia b ycT Joecfuoex© aqirla ntafcom lo e^niitiXaq sgiBl 

^etBdi bsoBlq a'rew 
'^-" ^f!0'il lenb-i-s 3elo*x<T lo 9onj^;taia3-e ■ ^ : i:W 

f>9aBrioTijq aaw cril;two ilBd-smld' 9;teIqmoo b ^^o^^vngadO IbvbH.S.U 



and installed. The ball was placed on a pole on the roof of the 
building, visible from every part of the grounds and dropped 
at Washington mean noon of each day. The dropping apparatus was 
placed in a glass case on a handsome table on the floor of the 
building, so that the method of working could readily be seen 
and understood by the spectators. 

In the cupola at the top of the building was placed a 
powerful search light kindly loaned by the Bureau of Equipment, 
the Exposition Company furnishing the necessary current for its 
display, free of charge. 

The exhibit was in place and ready for spectators on 
the opening day of the Exposition, September 18, 1895, and the 
first week in February, 1896, everything was returned to the 
various navy yards, etc, from whence they had come. 

C.J. TRAIN, Commander, U.S. Navy, 
Representative, Navy Department 



edi Jo ^oot Offer no eXoq s no bsoalq bbw LLb6 edU .beXlB^ snl btiB 

b&qqoit bn£i abnuoig sri^ 1:o e^faq y'Js^s kiot* aXdiaiv ,3ni:Dliud 

3iVA- '' '■^jaiBqq.s gniqqoib eriT .'^Bb lioBS 1c aoon nBsm noJsrjJtrisBW :Jb 

kirii 1o toolt QdS no Qldai amosbnisri & no saso aajBlg js ni bsoBlq 

aaoa ed -^libstJi Dl.tjoo §xii:fifow' lo !)0f{^9m sdS iBdi os tsnibliiid 

. aio;tB;toe'^?' ^ ''■* Yd boo;t8*ieiJnu i)rj.B 
a Jb-eo^iq aBW ^nibiiud eri;? Jo qod" sri;? :?ja aloqtio edi al 
t^nainqlnpa lo ifss'iuH ed^ \;d I:tsnBOl '^Ii)ni3{ Jriail xiortBes lift'iewoq 
at' ■ ol ;titeTiiro viaazifO&n edi anirfriin'fjjl ^naqmoO noi:ti:aoqx3 ori;t 

.aaiBfio Ito e8t"i t's^Biqaii) 

no Bio;tB:to9qa ^o1: x^|)j39T l)nB eox^Iq nx sbw ;JidirvX9 oriT 

9rf:t ?)r'-.; ,6681 j3I i9dm9;Jq9B ,noi;tiaoqxa Qdi to ^ab ^^ainsqo aricT 

a-iiw o;t ^smuv-fsi sbw gcitdixiere ,8681 ^v^tBUfde^ ai :A.eaw iBiil 

,9moo bBti V9d;f eonadw moil fOis ,ai")*iBY \;v>>n aLroliBV 



47, 



REPORT 8p the representative 



of the 



Treasury Department. 

— 0-- 



Of the amount appropriated by Congress for exhibition 
purposes only ten thousand dollars was allotted to the Treas- 
ury. The total inadequacy of so small an amount to properly 
exhibit the administrative functions of this great Department 

riwas at once made manifest, when the estimates submitted by the 
heads of the several l}ur|aus aggregated more than,, double^ ,t^g 
amoun t av ai lab le , 

Repeated efforts were made to distribute the amount 
allotted to the Department among the various bureaus in such a 
manner as measurably to satisfy the requirements of each, but 

oifinding this impossible, a radical departure from established 
precedents^ Tjtas determined upon, and each bureau was advised that 
no separate allotment of funds would be made and each was request' 
ed to furnish a list of articles proposed to be exhibited with 

tithe distinct und.ei3rstanding that the exhibit of the Department 
would be made as a whole rather than by separate and distinct 
parts representing each division or bureau. The gratifying suc- 
cess of this scheme of exhibition was largely due to the hearty 
cooperation of all the exhibiting bureaus and the disposition 
manifested at all times by each of them to subordinate the in- 



KVITATTfa8KH'?aH SHT 'iO THOiaH 

— o~- 

-8BS1T 9r[:r oJ- beitollB sbw aiBlIol) brfxsgj.ori;t ne:^ ^jlno asaoq'tnq 

Yl'isqo'^-q ^^ *njjO£TtB ;,.:. i.Iiima 08 lo YO^ifPsi^Bni Isctocf sriT ,y*tu 

inemcttBqaa jB9^a Bldi lo anolctonifl svJt ;tBit;t BinifnbB sdct cridirlxs 

edi \d beiitmdije BoiBmiiEQ ©rf^ nerCw ^cfaeliinBfn eb&iv. sono :?b aaw 

B ■" '^'Iduojf) nBriJ siora hecf Bs^J'^cja'^ aixBsi/ju iBievsa siic? lo eh^oii 

. si (IbX IB VB .t ru/omB 

B rioira i]\L .^.v,>ie'tjjcf auoi\.-^,- ^di ^noti^B cfnemc^iBqeQ sri.t o? i>9.t,+ oIlB 

cTud ,rfDB9 lo acTnsme-rijipet ericT ^'^^a.tjBa o^ vldBtwaBeni 3B leniiBm 

bsrlaildBiae raoTl siiJcTtBqsfc iBolbsi b teldlaaoqmi airier j^nibnil 

*Br{J i>saivrj.B 3Bv* .uBeiJjd rioBe bnB taoqir i)9niini6J-si) sbw 3:tnoi)eo9-fq 

■ssiipeT eBW r(0B8 Johb 9i)Bffl ed blt/ow abnul lo ^nstnetoIlB ecTBiBqea on 

ricTxw fo9:tidirix9 9d o? jbeaoqoiq soIoxjib lo ;ta il b Haln-url o^ fee 

Jr^9fli;JiBqsa 9rt^ lo jicilrixB sdi i:idi ^^nibimiaiebiw Soai3ai.b erii 

JonicTaib bn& 9.tBTBq98 ^d nBr{;t -isn^Bt eloriw s aB 9i)BCi od i-jluow 

-ouc anlTillcfBiig eriT .i/Boind to aoi.Bi.vtb doBS gnicTneasf qst a;t"iBq 

TjcfTBsn' Bdi oi 9ifb \:l9aii^il 3BW noiSidin.xb lo em&doa airict lo aa90 

noiilaoqaib eci3 bna aiJB9tud ani:?ididX9 Qrii LIb lo nol:rB'i9qooo 

-nl -ids 8:tBniiviedua oi meriJ lo rfOBS xd aetaii 11b ia bsisetlnam 



dividual display to the success of the whole Departmental ex- 
hibit. 

The entire management of the display being thus con- 
centrated in one executive enabled the business part of the ex- 
hibition to be transacted without friction and with greater des- 
patch than had been possible on former occasions of like char- 
acter, and I am much gratified to be able to report that the 
entire exhibit was taken to Atlanta and returned to its proper 
place in the Department without delay or breakage of any sort, 
and that within sixty days from the close of the Exposition 
the entire business in so far as it related to this Department 
had been finally and satisfactorily closed. 

As before stated the amount of funds allotted to this 
Department being entirely too small to make a proper exhibit, 
I entered into correspondence with the Exposition authorities 
with a view of securing their cooperation in the matter of an 
exhibit of the Life Saving Service which had proven so attract- 
ive at the World's Fair in Chicago, 

The Exposition management with great liberality at 
once agreed to erect a Life Saving Station on the lake at a 
cost of |3,000, and to furnish subsistence for an officer and 
crew of seven men during the continuance of the Exposition, In 
order to secure an exhibit from the Mint the Exposition authori- 
ties, also, agreed to furnish the motive power to operate a coin 
press and to provide subsistence for a press-man and one help- 
er. 

The practical effect of this arrangement was to double 
the funds available for the exhibit of the Treasury Department 
and by utilizing the material which had been prepared for the 



~x© iBct n em;)' IB qsd sloxiw &di lo aeeoous srii oi XBlqzlb lanbivlb 

-noo ssjdi ■^nisd Y'Slqelb eri^ to :fn&m&-gBi\Bm e'tlins eriT 

-x» erIJ lo cTtBq sasniBud edi b&I.d&ne evli uoexe sno ni be:iB'iineo 

-aei) i©:fi5sis rlJiw bna no.t;toiil :t;;orl?i:w bectOiienjBf;^ 9cf o;J noi:rl(Jirf 

"lado eiilL lo anoiaBooo lenrtol no sicfiaeoq nfjed bBfi nBn;t rCoJsq 

9rf;t ;:fBr{:f ctioqsT oj eLdB sd o;t Jbs ill ;tBi§ rioirm ins I br:B ,Te.toB 

tsqo'iq Eii o>i Jjsn'nijbi 1:10^ B^tnijIcfA oct nflj(B:t aBW ^fldJtrfxe e-'-fijne 

fitoa Y^B Ig 9j]a^3iB9id to XBlsb inodiiw ^fnem^-iBqed sdi rri eoBlq 

aoi S i.soqx's. erf^ lo esolo en'ct motl a\'Bfc Y^^-ta nirl:tj:w iBdS bnB 

j-namd-fiiqefl cl.i.' w. x-^j^Blst it 3B ix^l ca ni aasr^laud e"fi;tne sdi 

.b&aolo xLl'ioio&tai.:iBe bn.B X-f-Ifinil need bad 
aid) oi bei^olls abnA!"t lo :^^^J■ClmB srJ fosiBJa stotsd aA 

,ixdxrfxe tsqciq b .v...-,,*;; -j ; .i.Ifinia ooi \l6'iiSnB gni ed :tn90::rtBqeO[ 

a9i^J:*ioriJjjB iioi;J iaoqxS gnct riJJtw 9on9£inoqa9Ttoo o:tni: i:>8''iectn9 I 

HB lo '^siism edi rtl noxiBieqooo i^ledi aniiii0 98 lo weiv b ric? Iw 

-^'- "-icrv-tB 08 nsvoTq l>Br( rfoiffw eci-neP af^J^^^-sS eliJ sricr lo :tidirfx8 

.o^BoiriO ni tiB*5 a'M-roW &di :tB evi 

^B x^i-I^^'i^cf^-J^ :tBeis diii/ in.em&^Bn^ri noivtisoqxS: 9riT 

i--. :tB e/i^ii sri^t no noivtBctS 'nCiivB^ elij b :^osia oi i)99ijiB sono 

JDHB 1901110 HB tol 9on 9:ta ladi/s rfairfii/l oi hnB ,000,C| lo :fsoo 

- .noiliaoqxS sdi lo 9onBjjnl:tnoo edi sniiul) n9m nsvsa lo w9to 

-iiori^tjB ijOxj/Ecqxa orf? :tftiM edi niot'i jldir-''^ ■•^; siuosa oi lebio 

ftioo £ 9:tBt9qo oJ i9woq 9vl:t0fn srio ffalniul Oj ti9e'tsB,08lB,e9l;J 

-ql9ii 9nc hnB HBiii-aae'iq b tol 90n9ctsiadu2 sfcivotq oi bns asetq 

.19 

9ldiJ0i) oi SBH d'nsmaanBttB airicJ lo :toell9 iBoi.toBiq erfT 

iffQmiiBq&a ^tsssBStT Bdi lo :tidiriX9 edi tcl sXdBliBVB abnul 9rl;r 
edi Tol f)9iBq9'rq nesd i>Bri rioiriw iBiie^tBrn Qdi gnisili^jj yc^ f'^^B 



World's Fair, the Department was enabled to make a very credit- 
able display along the same lines as at Chicago, 

The distinctively exhibiting bureaus of the Depart- 
ment were as follows: 

The Life Saving Service, 

The Light House Board, 

The Coast and Geodetic Survey, 

The Marine Hospital Service, 

The Supervising Architect's Office, 

The Bureau of the Mint, 

The Bureau of Engraving and Printing, 

The Register of the Treasury, 

The Internal Revenue Bureau, 

The Bureau of Statistics, and 

The Secretary's Office. 
The exhibit of the Life Saving Service consisted in 
a completely equipped Life Saving Station manned by a crew of 
eight men. The station, which, as stated above, was erected by 
the Exposition management, was advantageously located on the 
lake front and was complete in all its appointments. The crew 
gave daily exhibitions and boat drills under the direction of 
Lieutenant G.H.McLellan of the Revenue Marine Service, which 
were witnessed by large and appreciative crowds. 

The Light House Board furnished an interesting exhib- 
it which consisted of one large and one small lens with the nec- 
essary machinery to keep them in operation; a large fog-bell with 
striking apparatus; elaborate models of the Minots Ledge and 
Fowy Rocks light houses; smaller models of light ships, and 



.oaBoirlO iB SB aeniL smaa Qsii i^iioIb ^slqeifo elds 

• r, v/c T r o ^ p.B s T 9 w ^ 1^' 3 m 
,fo'f3oa 93U0H ctrf^iJ srfT 

,3ni:Jnliq bnB 'isnivii'ianS lo ■^JBb-'iijQ. t>d'2 
,ytiJ3B9iT Sfi;t lo T9:rsl^9H eriT 

.eoxllO a ''^tj3:t 9-^0 98 arfT 

lo WS10 B yu DfjnnBm noi:t-B*E srtivBa e'ixJ j^oqqinp© \!;Xe:*8-:-qmui) i> 

'^d b&ioQ'^.e 8BW ^evodB i:)9;tB:r3 aB ,ff0J:Hw ,.noicrB;?a oriT ,n9m ?ngjt9 

ftrf.t no b0-:tF.ooI '/If.nosXjB.tnBvfcB aBW ,:rnomesBn.'=ir nox^tiaoqxS 9do 

V/&TO sriT .a:tnsffi.tnJ:oqqB a;Jl ilB fii GCfsIqmoo iin^ i-ior^ ^nofl. eslBl 

lo noi:;t09-rib eti3 -reiDnu allxifc :tBOd bnB gnol:fldlrixe Y-txBfo ovBg 

dolrfw <80iv°i«?! sni-iBBir oim^vsR edi Jo nBlIf^JoK.H.O :tf!Br?e.:txT9jfcJ 

"dJtdxd BfJ^^aQT^^^-t «^ bedaimifl biBoS ©airoH vlrlsiJ edT 

ri:ri=v .L-:acl"aol o^iil B ;noiJjiiGqo nx ^:&nd- qi^^'ii oJ yienidoBm Y^B889 
&nB eal>9j actonlM edJ lo alefcom QiBtOiiale i eisi n'tBqqB snx3{ii;ta 



li^ht houses; a full assortment of lamps, charts, buoys, maps, 
and other light house apparatus and a large collection of oil 
paintings and engravings of the most noted light houses, all of 
which are carefully mounted and tastefully displayed under the 
efficient management of Mr. Jacob Jose of the Light House Board. 
Upon the opening of the Exposition the Light House Board de- 
tailed a keeper for attendance upon the exhibit to keep the same 

••••' p. ^ ' 
in good condition and explain the workings of the several exhib- 
its to the public. 

After consultation with the Superintendent of the 
Coast and Geodetic Survey and with l>is full approbation it was 
decided to limit the exhibit from that Bureau to a display of th" 
Standard Weights and Measures of the United States, a full set 

."; r* fi ^ 

of which were shown, forming a most interesting and attractive 
exhibit. 

After full correspondence with the Supervising Sur- 
geon Generai of the Marine Hospital Service, it was finally de- 
cided with much regret to omit that Bureau altogether from par- 
ticipation in the Exhibition. This decision vas made necejs- 
sary in part Id y the meagre appropriation at the disposal of the 
Department and the expensive character of the Exhibit if made, 
and in part to the very limited floor space in the Exposition 
building allotted to "the Treasury exhibit. 

The Supervising Architect's Office exhibited per- 
spectives of the more noted public buildings of the country, 
Which, togeth''er with the portraits of the former Secretaries 
of the Treasury, were distributed throughout the exhibit in 
such a manner as to utilize the wall spaces and greatly add 
to the finish and completeness of the entire exhibit. 



IJto to noiJoelloo s^^bI b bits. aj/cTfstBqqB eauori :rj-{gll isricfo bns 

8rf;r isbnij JbBVBXqsil) xlii.yte:!^B^ dhb beJnucii: -^IIuIsibo 91b rioiriw 

.fciBoa ssiJOH ctria^tJ ©ri^ ^o Qsol dooBL.TM lo cTnemesBf^Bm ifnoioills 

-ef' ^-fi-^.oH eairoH .trfniJ '^jdi noitiscqxH ari:? 'to ^nineqo edi noqU 

amBa srij vi.^334 o:S iidinxo e:\i noqu 90f:BJj:i8>-t:tB tol ^6q9e.••^ ^-^ i:y^i:B;t 

-dirfxa IB19V98 9ri;J lo agniiitov;- orv:^ niBlqx9 Johb nolcfxbnoo booa ni 

,oiIduq 8ri^ oi ail 

Biii lo Snehtn^inhtequB b!i.;i lictiw noiiB^tXirenoo te:tlA 

aBW it noJt;tBdO'iqqB LLvt zii^ rliiTT briB \ovtisE otiebosQ bn& :t3BO0 

:di lo i^-raai:!) a o,l uBetuS .tBx-I:t nsoil ;tJ:cfirfx9 art? ila-Al oi bebtoeb 

iBQ iiiii B ^aecTBJS i)ac;iriu en? lo asiuaBeM fonB actrlgioW fctBbtiB^a 

svictoBictjB briB aniJasiscfnJi ;taom b s^iinnol ,nwor{8 9-i9w rioiriw lo 

,;ridlrix9 

--£u8 s^isivtsquS eri^ rf^fiw 9on9t)noqaariOf) j.lijl •^9J1A 

-9i) X-f-I^^-t^ aBW ii ,90l¥-£e8 Ib^ JtqaoH 9 fTl^BM erii lo iBTsnaC noes 

-iBq rao'il ir»rf:r 930 :tlB iiBStuS iadi i imo ci ieii^e^x rCoum dilvr bebio 

-^soan ebBm sbe noiEiooiJ airlT .no i:fi:diiix3 erl^t ni nolc^BqioiJ 

9rf;t lo iBaoqaii) 9ri^ i& noi:rBJ:tqoiqqB eisissm Qdi \d iiBq at xtsz 

,6^e.i« li ildldx^ edi Ic -jscfoBtBrio eyianeqxe edi bna j-neral-rBqea 

noxJisoqxS 9X1.- iiL ^JJiqd K'oXl bectlmil -^dtev 8£l:t ocT cf-r^q ni bas 

.;tJ:dJ:rfxe ^iijjaBSiT erf:^ o^f beiioll& gniMlud 

-tsq fceitidirixs ©oillO &*io&ildofA ■%ni.Btvteque eriT 

,Y'^\tniioo 9ri;J lo a^nifcliud oildum i-.-ox/ s'som edi lo aeviJogqa 

a9itB:t9too8 i9fatol edi lo a^tiBi-cJioq 9ri;t f(;tlw tBdi&i^oi , rioiriw 

ni itldidxs 9ricr ^tiorfauof K? b6.tudJ:i^aih s-rew ,\j-iuaB9iT er{:t lo 

bb& ^I:?B9^a bnB aaoiiqs x±bw erx^ ssili-;' '-o -,x, "xsnnBm & dons 

.iididxe 9ii^n9 9ri;t lo 889n9;t9lqinoo bnB riainil bdi oi 



51 



The Bureau of Statistics furnished an elaborate set 
of charts, made expressly with the view of showing the growth 
and products of the Southern States, and the striking and art- 
istic manner in which the charts were prepared attracted much 
favorable attention. 

The Internal Revenue Bureau furnished a full set of 

Revenue stamps, both obsolete and current, handsomely mounted 

in ornamental frames, the same as shown at the World's Pair, 
tt. 

The exhibit from the Bureau of the Mint, the Bureau 

of Engraving and Printing and the Register's Office being sim- 
ilar in character were advantageously grouped together in the 
most conspicuous part of the Treasury space and proved to be 
the most interesting part of the entire exhibit, judging from 
the crowds constantly in attendance. 

The money exhibit was in all essential particulars 
similar to that shown at Chicago, the Mint Bureau supplying a 
coin press which was kept in constant operation; a full set of 
National Medals and a valuable collection of coins of this and 
other countries. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing sent 
their massive frames filled with samples of Government securi- 
ties of all kinds, shov/ing the process of manufacturing from 
the destruction paper to the completed note or bond, and also 
a handsome collection of eminent men of the country; while the 
Register's Office, beginning where the Bureau of Engraving and 
Printing left off, exhibited money and bonds in the various 
stages of use up to the period of its final destruction. All 
of these exhibits were arranged so that the visitor could fol- 
low the entire process of manufacturing, use and destruction, 
step by step, and, as before stated, this feature of the ex- 
hibit seemed to attract universal attention. 



-:?tB bna ^iiiiiidS snj ijiui ,39;f»cr8 msnd-uo8 9fi:J lo e;tOijJbo*iq bnsi 
doism beiDB'i:!iB bstBq&'iq 9i9w ai-iBrio edi rioirlw nt temmra oJc:J3i; 

.noi^n9:t;ti3 eXoB'^ovixl 
^0 .tBF, lltrl B ijeriainiirl uBeiuB. sunevQR lB,a'*.ainl adH 
b&inisom ^^Ismoaisnisri ^dnsttuo bn& ecTftlosdo r{:^od faqrL^:tE snnevsK 

uiiaiija yfid ,JnxM biU lo i/xietua 9rij moil cfidirlxs srfT 

-mis sfiisrf eoillO s*ie;tsla&H sric? brtB sni:trat<I bnB anlvBigna lo 

Si.. ... -ie.d-^.-.v.',,- hsqi/oia X-taii0 9^B^nBvi)^ s-tsw lej^.-r. t..«,io ni lAli 

90 oj i)9V0i\i Laii 90iiqs Ti'iiiai>9tT exl" lo cft^q aixouojiqsnoo izota 

moil anialjiit tCTicfjfcrfxs 9Ti:^n9 9ri;j lo -tt.eq ■}ni.+ 8 9iecrni ^teofr; ^di 

. 9onj3l)n9;tr.. ..^ ^;,t.. :;.^;t8noo ai)¥/u ■ : ^ 

a*i^iI;folJTBq lBi^n9aa9 IIb ni aaw d-idi:r(x9 \:9noin 9r{T 

& anlYlqqua yii9iuS :tni:M srict ,oaBoiiiO in nworfe cJBri;? ocT iBlimla 

lo :fB£ 1 £■;! r^ : itolvtBf -.i-fo t:-tA.-i3noo ai Jqv)'' hbw rfoiriw aae^rq nioo 

x>nB aiilJ lo enxoo lo noiooaiXoo sldBulBV e, bn& elBi59M lBnoi:?BPI 

:tn9a gnlJnxi*! bti& anxvB-t^nK lo ifBeTwS 9riT .asifjnifoo t9ricro 

-X'lirO-lf ■■ ■■^;^^lit"f 9V00 lo KM.r,yr\w^ ,i.^ ; *• i^^ r:--^ S9JY1S11 o ,f > -. e .■•., ^ ^ .-,w .» 

mo-^ii ^nx-iij;?OBljjnBm lo aa-t^oo-fq 9fi:;r ^nxwods ,al3ni>i i..L.a lo eyi;r 
oalB bnB ,i)nod io e;ton i)9;t9lqinoo 9fl:t oi leqjsq ftox^oij*t:r8 9i) odi 

Bdi BlidW JYtCtnifOn &;';t "^.^ rv.in .t,'^ry|rr<c, -^ ,-, ,•',•■, ■; i - c,r ^n --. 9inOai)nB£i B 

fcnxi j^nxvBisnS lo iiiooiuS tuiJ e-i&xlw ^nximxfe9d »3oxllC a^tecTaiaeH 
auoliBV Qdi nl abnod ba& Y^noffi b9^idifix9 ,llo :ri9l •^ntinii'i 

IXA .nci.^ ;3jji.ts9fc Ii?nJ:l p.t j lo boii9q sriJ oj qu eai; lo 89aB^B 

-J.OI jjjIjjoo To^xaxv ario jba-.j oa bognxJi^fB 9'i9W 8^1dirix9 eagricf lo 

,nol.iojjt;r89b bna eau tanx-^fii^foBlunism lo aasooiq eticfng 9f(J woX 

-xe BifJ- lo 9'n7:tBel alr{3 .bei^,:f8 g'foled sb ,bnB ,qA.tP vd q9j8 

.nox,tn9i,:fB is>&ievi.au •^SoaiiiB oi bbmeea cTidiri 



U.-^ 



Twenty thousand official souvenir medals were struck 
on the coin press during the progress of the Exposition and 
turned over to the Exposition company for sale, which in a 
measure compensated them for the outlay made in the interest 
of the Life Saving Exhibit. 

The following officials of the Department from time 
to time assisted the Representative in the preparation, instal- 
lation and maintenance of the exhibit: Mr .S.L.Lupton, Assist- 
ant Chief of the Mail and Piles Division; Mr. John B.Clark, 
Chief of the Inspection and Material Division, Supervising Ar- 
chitect's Office; Mr, Montgomery Gumming, of the Life Saving 
Establishment; Mr. H. R.P.Holt, of the Chief Clerk»s Office; Mr. 
Thomas Holcomb, Auditor for the State and other Departments; 
and Mr. Louis A. Fischer, of the Coast and Geodetic Survey, 



. »^ , > ., V i i- 



CHARLES B. KEMPER, 

Representat ive, Treas ury De- 
partment , 



— — 



iloinie e'tftw !5lB.beis -lirte^Jios IsloiJIo bnaanodi AjctnswT 

iji5.. 'LriUKiJ^A. b.vj .u ^.<r;;5 v^,, ^u; ■•■'^ ?:3&iq nioo ad;} no 

B ni doiriw ,9lB3 lol '>ia3qraoo noiJieoqxa ariJ oi levo i)9n*ijj:t 

JastQcrnJ: erf^ ni sbam ysIJjjo ori^t "tol medi De:i SR^Bqmoo Biuasem 

.:txdidxa 2nJ:v^o -iiJ - ■• * '^o 

smiJ raotl inQmiiBqeCl ad) 1o alsioil'io aniwollol 9iiT 

-13.1811. j'ToicfBTiBqstq erfi-t ni avx tG."t^ea9^q9H Bf(.-t he:t3ia8B enii.? o;t 

-j'.-,j.-. ...-^ tno:tqjJd.J.S.'JM rf;'' ' - -•♦ "'.o ->• r'snectaiBfc Iuib noiJBl 

,:HBXO.a niioT^.iM jiioiaiviQ seii'5 bas IibM sd3 lo leirlO ;tnB 

-tA sniaivi»qif8 ,r!olaivia iBltac^BM briB noi^TosqBnl f^d) to TiairlO 

,iM ; 6011:10 a';i'fbiD IsiriO 6iij , :lIoH,1.H.H.iM ; cTnefflriaildBcf aS 

; sc^noKj^iBqsd tsdJo i)njs ^.t.siR erict toI -ro^tibuA ,draooIoH eBmorIT 

.-'^sv'^Jijg Di:^9.bos-' • ^icf 1o ,t9ff'^= ■^'^. A, slnoJ.tM bnB 

,Ha^MIDi .a aSJHAHO 
-&CI T^2S9iT t9vi JBJ'a9S 9iq9H 

. tnenicfiiiq 



--0-- 



53 



REPORT OF THE REPRESENTATIVE 

Of the 

Department of Justice. 

The Department of Justice, dealing with matters of 
law and the courts, has alv/ays found it difficult to provide 
material for exhibits like the Atlanta Exposition, and the judg« 
ment and zeal of its representatives have usually been tested 
in selecting and arranging even a scant display of objects of 
interest. The present Representative relied, as did his prede- 
cessors on similar occasions, upon the collection of portraits 
of the Attorneys-General as the chief attraction, and most of 
the wall space was devoted to these pictures. The originals 
having been men of celebrity and national reputation, their 
portraits never fail to attract the interest and attention of 
visitors from all sections. The exhibit included also an en- 
graved portrait of John Marshall, Chief Justice of the United 
States (1832), and photographs of prominent Justices and Judges 
in the United States courts. 

As the Department has the supervision of United States 
prisoners and prisons, they were made the subject of an inter- 
esting exhibit. Most of the fed.eral prisoners being confined 
in the prisons of the several states, it was necessary to call 
on the wardens of these institutions for photographs and arti- 



3VI TATTfa8aH«?aH -mr %o thoisf 

eBivoiq o;^ iXuoilliJb il bnuot a^swlB aM tac^-suoo sdi baj3 wbI 

lo acfo&tdo 'to x^Iq&tb JnBoa ij nevs anianBtia bna anirfoalsa nl 
-Qbetq aid btb 2a ^bsiXp-i evJ:?i?,cfa^iP::v^'a"fiH iriQBe'r:' -.'■■'i' ."'■•■: 319^ ni 

Ic cTaom briB ^aQtioatiiB lojcrlo sxlJ as Ii3-J8n9fi-a\'9a^o;r;tA Q^i I0 
alsnigiio a.iT . r;s"rj.r.toia snfljicf 0:? bacfovab €3W soaqa Haw edi 

to nol^tnsJctB bn^ :raet8;?al Qdi ioan^is oi u sli tsv&n sitatitoq 
-ns aB oalB bebwioni ildldx^ sriT .anoi^oec:: IIb moit ztoil-aiv 
b&iinU edi 10 90i;JauL loino ,IlBriaiBM iirioL lo crxBicTioq bbVB*xa 

asabfJl, baB a90i;fsui; Jnsrriaxotq to ariqBiao^Ofi^I ^hb ,(SS8I) a9;tBJ8 

^aiiiioo QQiBiB bsJinU BrW ni 
&&i&ie beital] lo noiaivisqwa 9fl:t asrl ^rfsxa^-isqed 9riJ aA 

-tsJ-ni ns I0 cTostdi/a ori^ absci o'xsv/ Tjsrio tanoai-xq bns aTeaoaitq 
bsnilnoo anlad atenoai-iq Istsbol 9-[.t Ic ;JaoM ,ii.didx3 ^aiiae 

1 1 BO 0;? x'SBaaeo'ja aii',v cM. ^ascJB^rs i^3"i-9vsa sii:? *o anoal-cq 9ri:t at 

•'litB bHB sfiqBiBO^oiiq -jol anoiiu^iiaiii sasti^ lo anabiBW ©rict ao 



54 



cles illustrative of the treatment, daily life and employment 
of the convicts. The response from these officials was gener- 
ous, and it was possible, through their cooperation, to gather 
a large number of interesting pictures of prison life in the 
leading Institutions of the country, collections of articles 
illustrating modes of labor, such as the manufacture of pearl 
buttons, brushes, etc, as well as several interesting objects 
made by individual prisoners during hours of leisure and idle- 
ness, some of them denoting wonderful skill and talent. 

The collection of rare and valuable books, ancient 
treatises on law and crimes, which was gathered from various 
sources, afforded an interesting study to visitors. In addi- 
tion to these were the Opinions of Attorneys-General, 20 vol- 
umes; Supreme Court Reports from 1790 to 1894, 158 volumes and 
digest; and Reports of Attorneys-General from 1870 to 1895, 

A contract was made with a responsible and well e- 
quipped firm to pack and ship the entire exhibit to Atlanta, 
install it at the Government Building, and to repack, reship 
and replace it at the close of the Exposition. The plan worked 
admirably and without the least confusion, delay or loss. All 
borrowed articles were promptly returned to the owners, as soon 
as the Exposition closed. 

I believe that the Department exhibit of 1895 was 
equal in point of interest , and nearly, if not quite, in ex- 
tent, to any which have preceded it. The entire cost was less 
than |2500, 

PRANK STRONG, 

Representative , Department of 
Justice. 



iaetnxoLqme bn.6 slii ^i.,i.>ib ^iiiQmi^&ti edS lo avliB-izsuiii 39I0 

-isnsa 8BW alBxoi'ilo eaarfjt raoi^ sanoqaai ortT ,a^oivnoo &d;t lo 

•xericfBa ocr,noxiBi&qooo lied^J rl^fro-^rf^ taldieaoq p.bw cfi bns <aiJO 

9rf:r n.t Qt- r^oaitq lo aetucroiu ^ai^ aaTscfiiJ: to -xydmun a^iBl b 

Q9loi;t*fB lo 3nol;ro9lXoo ,-^f;rniJO.D 9fic^ lo zaoliu:i tisni -^albBel 

IiBsq lo sijjitoB'ijjnBfn edi 3b ^-Ioub ,T!OdBl lo a&bom :^nl)B'^.isiJlll 

a:ro9tc^o Sni^as'iacfni Ibisv-ss »b Haw sb t»^8 ,a9fiairid ^anoiiisd 

•^aibi bnB et.uaisl lo aiuorf anltub aianoaiiq lBJii)i vibni ^d eham 

,insL*^,i hns Xlijie lul-rabnow anx^tonsb ni9ri;J lo emoa ,a89n 

8uoitBv raotl i)9i9f{JBa aBW fioiriv/ jasmiTO i)nB wbI no QoaliBeti 

«xbf)B nl ,3'[o:tX3iv oi xhuiz anitpetsj-nl rtB bsii'iollB ,a90-ijj08 

-j-o/ 02 tlBi:yfi9x)-3-^9rf'toa iA lo ai;' 1.. "■ 5"- -^'jaw sasrio uj -.oii 

baa asjuiJlov 851 ^^681 oi 027I moi'i a^tToqeh cftuoO eme'iquP. ;a©rau 

.aeai o:f 0V8I moil iBten^O-iixeri'-JOiik lo a^ioqeH fonB ;:t8'3aii> 

jBctiiBl^tA Oct ctxdirixs e'lxitne siij qirfa fcnB jtoBq oi mtit beqiqiup 
qi-dee-T j>(r»Bqef o* brtB f:%nzbliisS j-namnisvol) 9ri:t Sb ii IlBctani 

l)9ii'. wv. .i.^;^vi ■ , ^:^ 9f{;t lO 9aCj„;j znii ^B Blqsi I)nB 

Ilk .aaoX -10 Y-^-i-Q^ ,xioi; atf'inoo :taB9l ed^ :}isodiiw bn& xl(SB'T:i.abB 
nooa SB ,anenwo yrfit o;t b&atu^Qt x^^^^^^^ 8*1 9W a9Ioi;t^B JbQv/o'xtod 

.bsaolo noxctiaoqxS --'-" 5B 
8BW aesi lo ;jxdxiix9 inQmiiBqed sdi iadi 9V9ll0d I 
-xe ni fQ$iijp .ton Ix ,^;I^B9^ bas < ^aeta^tni I'D .^niioq nl iBr/oe 
osal 8BW cS-ac- 'tije i's''' ..:tj: Jb8fe909''q dVBri ;iu.;.iiw ^iu.b ■'■■* ,...i-i.j 

.OOdSf nBd:t 

lo JTiafficfi Bqad « £> vxvj.:^.vi i it?c^:i jqQfl 



55 



ffj 



REPORT OP THE REPRESENTATIVE 

of the 
Department of the Interior. 
— — 
The exhibits of the Department of the Interior oc- 
cupied the northeastern corner of the Government Building. A 
space of about 6600 square feet was assigned to them, of which 
2100 approximately were devoted to aisles; leaving 4500 square 
feet available for exhibition purposes. On the western side 
a partition, 12 feet high, separated the space from that of 
the Department of Agriculture, and this wall was continued 20 
feet along the northern line, dividing it from the area given 
to the exhibits of the Navy. The remainder of the wall space, 
on the northern and eastern sides of the exhibit, was mainly 
occupied by windows, and in these, forming an almost continu- 
ous line of glass, the photographic transparencies of the Geo- 
logical Survey were displayed. Upon these the Department 
chiefly depended for the general decoration of the space, and 
the effect was most satisfactory. The partition and walls, 
up to a height of 12 feet, were painted a dull brownish red, 
with a black cornice moulding at the top. Above this, the 
walls of the building were covered with tightly stretched can- 
vas, tinted a pale pearl gray, with a narrow frieze of red just 
below the roof. This scheme of coloring gave an admirable 






-00 Toiie^nl biii lo ••tnam-it-iBqsCi sdS Mo siticx.ixe tin.. 
A -anxfeliuS JasminevoQ sno- lo ismoo nie:iB,&^!iiioa sdi bexqxjo 

riot'-F's "r-: ..r,:«r(:^ o* hsHsi: --, r.,8 DBTf ;?9s1: OTBUpa 0065 :*.uorf.s "^O SOfjq?'. 

9*iBiJp3 UOfii^ ;i.ni7ii6i iaoiax^ GJ DerTovaD e'l^w xis:fsr2xxG-iqqi5 OCiv-. 

ebxe siisiBQW edi nO .asaoqiuq noidJtdirixs itol eXdBllBvjs ;t99l 

02 b9>;iiidnoo oBW IIbs? airiJ ^li^i < giu.; isjoiigA to JxiLiLr-iiiQf:^^ -t^iij 
nevx® Be-fs r il ;M sni&xvii) ^snil ntsrfifion erict shoIb isel 

,90Bqo .,...:.. .-.:.■.. o i^^r)r? rRrr'^T f-rfT . vvbI^ 9ri^ "^o ?3:ticftrfxe er 

-nnicTnoo cfsomlB xib animol .ee&ric^ ni bnB ^avrobnxw ^jd beiqwooo 

-o<?ir^ '^^^••■ •ineiBqsnsTct o£ffq.eiso;toifq sri^ .EnBl?. "to erril ?;.ifO 

fonB,©osqa eri;f 'io noxcfB'iooel) Ibishss edi lol bebnsqeb \:Il9irfo 

,b®i riexnwo-icf Xl.Ji) *i iieJnijsq o'lsw ,;fo9'l 21 lo ^djjitjn /w ...; ^u 

eri^ ,zldi 9vocf/ to^ edi iB gnibluoa! eoinioo 3lo*Icf & dilir 

-/Nr-o h'=.r'n.-tef*2 i;I:tr{sx:t ri^tiw bs-jevoo siev/ gnxbl.rud 9x1;^ lo sbIIbw 

a^fu ■^-•"i "-^0 6S9i*il wottsn is riiiw t^iS-^s I'lBQCi ^^^34 « fc&ctni::? rSBV 

©XdjBiiinbB nB evBS gnxioloo to smsrioa eiriV looi 9rii wolsd 



56 



backgrounci_ f or wall exhibits, and made a most excellent finish 
for the display, considered in its entirety. The general ef- 
fect was that of a room, approximately 80 feet square, with 
windows on two sides; in which the exhibits of the Department, 
while so classified as to preserve the individuality of the 
several bureaus, were so arranged as to preserve an essential 

unity of design and purpose. A small room, in a projection 

making • 

of the building to the right of the space served for office 
purposes, and for the same uses a gallery over the eastern 
entrance was also available. In this latter the Department 
of Agriculture and the Smithsonian Institution also found 
office accommodations. 

Apart from a large map of Georgia, made for the occa- 
sion and displayed by the General Land Office, the exhibits of 
the Department were confined to four bureaus, namely; the 
Patent Office, the U. S. Geological Survey, the Bureau of 
Education, and the Bureau of Indian Affairs. The following 
are the separate reports of these bureaus: 

TKE PATENT OFFICE EXKIBIT. 

On October 11, 1894, the Commissioner of Patents 

issued the following order: 

"Washington, October 11, 1894. 
Order No. 1017. 



"Samuel T. Fisher, Assistant Commissioner, John H. 
Brickenstein, and Arthur P. Greeley, Primary Examiners, James 
T. Newton, Chief Clerk, and Richard C. Gill, Machinist, are 
hereby constituted a board for the purpose of supervising, under 
the direction of the Commissioner, all matters connected with 



-Is liiieriea sriT . '^cfsii.-tne scti ni ii)9ieiii8noo t^Blqail) 9ri^ lol 

ii;Jxir ;-'^;-.fp3 cTsst 08 YX9^x-;rTi txn-ragrB .moo'f .3 ^o rtBri:? bb"^ ;t09l 

cfnem;J*iBq3a ado lo aJ-idirixe srij ii;.xi.vv iii jsejjxs c^aj no awoDaiw 

erf:t lo Y;tllBJJi)xvibni edi evieaeiq ocf as fosilissBlo 03 elirfw 

noici-osto'iq ^ ni ,nioo*i Ii^ma A .eacqiuq dhjs ngisoij lo ^i^inu 

©oillo Tol beviea eoBqs ert^t lo ^riaii sri^ 0* anibllJJcf erlJ lo 

n*f9?8i>r ■.-■t 'iS'/o -rfpri.3-3 s 88811 9m«BS Sift TOl f^HB ^seaoq^uq 

;fneifi:ti£q9a sa;t lectoXii a^iu nl .sLdBiiBVB oalxv sbw ©onBtcfns 

hnxrol osXb noi:tij;tx:tanI nBinoaricrimS ericf buB stjj^IiJoxisA lo 

. anciit^bomrsoooB 90xllo 

-BO 00 edi lo't si)Biii .BXgToeQ lo qsm sgiBl b cqo'II :'iBqA 

lo BildidKe edi ,f>oillO bn&l iBierisS sfi:^ ^Jcf i)GYBlqaii) baB noxa 

sricT ;\:Iemfi'T -auBsiud luol o:t £)6nllnoo ©tr^ InemrtTB'Tf^GE edi 

lo UBSTuB Gri;r ,Y9Vf08 liioiaolo? " ■ ■ ^u Jiiy*Bl 

aniwollol 9riT . aiiBllA nBxbiil lo uaeiuE sriv* bn& ^£!oid&oub3 

lauBBtud easriit lo s;?'ioq9T e:tBiBqea Qdi 9*ib 

.TIfflHXS 30I'5'50' TMSTA^T 3HT 

3;txi9crjB«5[ lo -ienoiaaxr.insoO srf* ,^681 ,11 tgocjoO nO 

:T9f)io arix^oJIcl eri:J beuaai 

■^ (-: r-? I .Si -196 oio , n i v.n xrfa bW" 

. TIOI . oM iQbiO 



.H nrioL ,iGnois8xmmoO ^tnB^axasA ,'X9rfaJ:'5 .T leyraBS*' 

89mBl. ,g-;snxnL:5X'if yn^i-^si'^'^ ^^elee'iO .1 tudiik baa .niectanssIoxiS 

&fB . j-einxffoai<(' aii^ -0 l}'iBr{oiH ^hb .i^i-xsID lelriO ^noiwsM .T 

'isfoni/^anxaivf equa lo saoqiuq eriJ lol fjiBod b becfud'.t janoo Ycteieri 

liixw bsloennoo 3*set:rBm ilB jTsnoxaaxninioO ar{;t lo noioosixi) srf;} 



57 



the exhibit to be made by the Patent Office at The Cotton 
States and International Exposition, to be held at Atlanta, 
Georgia, in 1895, in conformity with the provisions of the Act 
of Congress approved August 18, 1894, for such exhibit. 

John S. Seymour, 

Commissioner. " 



In accordance with the provisions of this order, and 
immediately upon its promulgation, the committee set to work 
making selections of such models then on file in the Patent 
Office as would best illustrate the development of the various 
arts, especially *:--« those arts in which the people of the South 
were particularly interested. The committee selected about 
one thousand models, and after having received from the archi- 
tect of the government building a plan of the space to be oc- 
cupied by the Patent Office exhibit, agreed upon plans for the 
cases in which the models were to be placed, and the arrange- 
ment of the cases in the space which was allotted. 

The committee thought it wise to depart from the plan 
previously followed of having cases of uniform construction and 
appearance, and so made arrangements to construct their cases 
of various patterns and sizes to relieve the monotonous ap- 
pearance of the exhibt as a whole. These cases, made of wood 
in imitation of mahogany, after they were placed in position 
fully met by their neat and attractive appearance the expecta- 
tions of the committee in accomplishing the object above men- 
tioned. 

'jA:^.u^ Since practically no models had been received by the 
office for many years, the committee found that some of the 



no.^-^foO 9riT is eoillO 'SneiB^ Qdi ^cf eh&m sd oi cficfirfxe adt 

,Ri£i&LiA. i& bl9ff ecf oi jnoiiiBoqxH Isrioi.tB«is:?nI £>n^ B&SsiB 

dA 9rf^ to snoiaivotq edi n'^iw t^;? iKntolnoo fii 5668! nl .BxgioeO 

,TfjO£aY98 .8 nrfoT, 

'' . -tsnoisB.cr'ii-.r'O 



:fn:e;tBl eri^ ni sXil no nsriit Rlsbom doisa to ancicfosXsa snisfsm 

.?(jort.BT erf* "to .•^nsitraol^vi^fc ■••.:'+ -s-^t^Ij sulli r?, sd Ml-ott ns °nmO 

iiJi^cci on;; '10 eiqoaq orig rioirlw ni a;;JiB eaor ^iiijiooqi;© .s,itjs> 

5'iJOcfB i)'s;to9l98 £)9;JiiK;fi30o eriT .X)ei-aet9;fni ^ilialuoi^tiBq e*i9w 

-idDTiv "loi'i borlfjOBt gr'ivp.rf •YetlB brrs ..slBbofr: fcn.ssuo.r''^ 6no 

-DC SQ OJ 90jdqa 9r.J lo fiBiq j3 ■gnibliuc inemn-ievo^^ 8x17 10 rc»9:t 

dS -xol SHBlq noqu JbeeigB .ctidirfxe eoIl^O ctne^fi^ eif^ Ycf bsiquo 

.jJ6J^ol.i.B oi^w iioxnw Gviiqa sn:r x:ii soaBo axt? 10 ;tnem 
slq sri;t iac^i ;t'j[Bq9b oi' 93 iw ;? i JtigJJorict se^JoiimHOO sriT 

-qB auono^onom &di svQiist o;t aesxa ba& ant&^i&q auoiiBV xo 

oivji to e'.ysr-;; .aasso sasriT . elori'T b c.b jrfiffxs 9rfJ lo 90.aB*ii:.9J 

rici^xaoq ni jaoBiq -aiav '<;9n;j isjix; , ■^;nB>iorijim lo noxuBixmi nx 

-a:fDeqji9 9ri';t eoHBiBeqqB eviSoBtiiB bfiB :tB3n txeri:^ li;d ista ^^IXul 

. LiOxLOLi 

■d^ X<i bevleost need 'bad aXsfoom on 'lilsoliQa'^q eoaiS 



5; 



new arts were not properly represented, in the exhibit, and it 
was thought best, therefore, to ask manufacturers for private 
exhibits of bicycles, cash registers, carbon dyes, cotton 
presses, and exhibits of material dyed with coal tar dyes, with 
samples of the dyes. These dyes dissolved in water in large 
glass bottles and placed in a case in the center of the exhib- 
it, added much to its general appearance by relieving the mo- 
notony of an exhibition otherwise made up of models. 

The cases were set up and the models arranged therein 
under the supervision of Messrs. Newton and Greeley, members 
of the above mentioned committee, and the exhibit was completed 
when the Exposition was opened September 18, 1895. 

The models were arranged in the cases in chronologi- 
cal order, and illustrated in a striking manner the development 
and improvements in the various arts represented, from their 
inception to the present time. 

In addition to the main Patent Office exhibit in the 
government building, there were two smaller exhibits from that 
bureau, one consisting of inventions made by women, which was 
placed in the Woman's Building of the Exposition, and another 
of negro inventions, placed in the Megro Building. 

Mr. Newton remained in charge of these exhibits until 
relieved October 17, by Mr. Megrath, a law clerk of the Patent 
Office; he in turn was relieved by Mr. Campbell, a principal 
examiner, he by Mr. Brickenstein, a member of the above com- 
mittee, and he by Mr. Borman, an assistant examiner. - 



w i 



Qii£, tiioiiix.3 sri;t at Jas^nsssiqQt Ylisqoii .ton eiew a.t'LS war. 
Qi&yi.iq-tol.aiQfisis>Bltin&m-}LB£: .lole-feri:^ t^tasd ctrCiguo/lcT ssw 

^ :■- .- ■ ..: ..'jOo iiJiW i:3^b ii^u.isJ3ui Ic ci.'id":rfxs Dim .soeasiq 
9a^B_ -:eiQw 111 bevloaaib f; serfT .asY^ edi Id ssIqioBa 

~om ' ■' Txyailei \ii aoniiiiBe^qa iii-'ians^j ad:, oct riojjiii ^t^uijii ^oi 
.Bisjbom 1o ciif ebBm saiw-i9ii;fo noi^icfirfxs ns lo xaoion 

bQielqmoo aaw ^xdirfxs >^9J-;txrarao;) benoiinara erocfB erl;^ lo 

isiaqoXsvei) sxic? -iQanBca aaisfti + a b ai b8:^B^^8JJIIx ibas ,'i-9i)^o Ibo 

.e:£.. : aeiq ijriw o:t noxJqeoiix 

•riit xijt ^idirfxQ 9oill:0 iaQi&^ atBm 9fi;t od" noi^xbi)jB nl 

aiivs? aoxnw t^Qsiuw \rd ^lisau anoxoiievax io aniiaxaaoc' oao tUjse'iiJcf 
-isrfjonxi jbns taoicTiaoqxS 9ri^ to %nibLiuE s'nBmoW srfct nx beoBlq 

nsctB"? Qdi lo ^191 wbX b ,rl?BnasM .iM y<^^ cVI *i9doioO IneveiXs's 

-moo evodis en. rQdisiotr: b jrix3;'aiifi:;ioi"'id .i-M \;d sri ttsnxijii^xs 

.'xsxsxfflBxa >tnB.-t3xa3B hb tHBccnoC .-iM y<^ 9^ &^b ,s9J^im 



59 



The exhibit at the close of the Exposition was taken 
down, repacked in the boxes in which it was sent to Atlanta, and 
returned to the Patent Office under the supervision of Mr. Mal- 
colm Seaton, a principal examiner of the office. Since the 
exhibit has been returned to the Patent Office, the same cases 
used in Atlanta have been put up in the Model Hall in place of 
the unsightly cases formerly stationed there, and present, with 
the models arranged therein very much as they were at the Expo- 
sition, a handsome appearance. 

S. T. FISHER, 
Chairman, Patent Office Committee. 



-XbM ,*tl-" :- ;ioiB ivisqu'a eAu* i6.t)nij eoiilO uii&Jis'^ sii.; oi o&iriijcj si 



THE U.. S. BUREAU OF EDUCATION., 

As a preliminary step in the preparation of the ex- 
hibit of this Bureau, a committee was appointed to draft plans 
for the same. The Commissioner, Doctor W. T. Harris, directed 
the labors of this committee, which was composed of the Chief 
Clerk, Mr. Lovick Pierce, Messrs. L. R. Klemm, Henderson Pres- 
nell, and myself. Tentative schemes were presented by Dr. 
Klemm and by myself, and general discussions were had as to the 
proper material to be exhibited, the methods of displaying the 
same, and such kindred subjects as were suggested by the neces- 
sities of the case. 

The actual preparation of the exhibit fell to my lot, 
though I was aided by the other gentlemen of the committee 
whenever their assistance was necessary; and the cooperation 
of the Chief Clerk was always heartily given. 

As much of the work as it was possible to do in 
Washington was done before the shipment of the material to At- 
lanta. Comparatively little remained to be done there, and 
there was little difficulty in completing the work of the in- 
stallation before the opening of the Exposition. 

The primary function of this Office is to collect 
statistics and facts showing the condition and progress of 
education in the several States and Territories, and to dif- 
fuse such information respecting the organization and manage- 
ment of schools and school systems, and methods of teaching. 



•KOITAOUa^ ^0 UA3flU5 J 3HT 

-■X9 sri^ 1.0 nolis't&qbtq edi n.t qe^a Ytfiniieilsiq s rA 

l9LdO Qdi lo besoqaroo 8£W rioiriw ,eeiiimmoo ziiiS Jo Biod&L edS 

Qd-^ oi Q£ bBd 313W anoiaeuoBxi) I&tenQ-g baa -'ilesYffi ^(i tnQ tma&Ll/l 

99Jjiacoo sriJ 1o rieaiGiwaes leri^o 6iiJ ~^rf be^iB aBw I rfguorf-t 
nox:?Bi9qooo sdi bn.B ,• '/i^aasoen ajaw gonsctaxaaxs Tierfct tsvenedyf 

.'Jp'^'iS Yli-J'2B9fi 3\:bwIb ^ r -' ^^.:. r-^ ?-o!r-^i orf^ to 

ai oh oi eldiaaoq 3bw .ti as ijiiow exij lo iiouio &A 

-."^A oi Xxii-fo^Bra edi io ^aeaqlrfa srfo eT.olad enob sbw no^tgnxrlaBW 

&rr£-. , '--'*ri''.t y'^-.'ib erf o.t ?■■•-; '^ x siii 9 1 el^:^!! 'x^l^^'i^BiB''"^'^" .B:tnBl 

-:ii £t-:« io >t'iOi(k' sricr gaiwSlqraoo nx -v:;tIijoi"l'5:xb 'BldSii 3BW 9*ieri;t 

,nox;txeoqxS ar(^ lo ^ninaqo 9fi+ ftiolad aoxcfBflB^a 

-tlb o:t briB ^ aexTOct xiigT bnxs ae^B^tS iBievga sdi nx noxiBOufts 

rgsiXiioiiOv io i; i> •:. ii J" iiij ijiiji ^c.iae;- 3'iS loorioa ijajo aiooriaa "io jiidxn 



as shall aid the people of the United States in the establish- 
ment and maintenance of efficient school systems, and other- 
wise promote the cause of education throughout the country. Its 
only executive duties consist in the management of the schools 
of Alaska and in the supervision of the expenditure, of the 
money appropriated to agricultural and mechanical colleges 
under the Act of August 30, 1890. 

An exhibit, therefore, -which displays the operations 
of representative educational institutions is not only an il- 
lustration, but is also an exercise, of the main function of 
the Bureau. This idea prevailed in the preparation of the ex- 
hibit of the Bureau at New Orleans in 1885, and the educational 
department of the Exposition was managed by the agents of this 
Office. 

The propriety and practicability of doing this for 
the Atlanta Exposition was suggested and advocated, both in the 
committee and by Honorable William J. Northern, the head of the 
Department of Education of the Exposition. But in view of the 
fact that the school year was then drawing to a close, making 
it doubtful whether the time remaining was sufficient to pre- 
pare a satisfactory exhibit of this character, it was decided 
to show only the Bureau's own characteristic work, methods, and 
publications, with such additional material of a general cha- 
racter as was then in hand or readily accessible. The limited 
amount of money available was also a consideration in reaching 
this conclusion. 



3^381X09 iBOifijsdoera bfiM iBtuiiisoLt-^s oi ijsJiiiiqotqqjs v.8fiora 

-'.-iC'i ■J i^ie iU ':'iiC? t:Yij:_ ;il:j .■-^. >•, ; t t j i.\': yu.: ^ .; t <^ x : i. 

-li: a^ iiIno ioa si snoi;tu:ti:Jaiti LsnoUBnuiis ? .- 1 j'i5:tn9S8"iqei lo 

■■iiOLisiOiJbe eni b^it: .<i. aaBsLtO weW j:js ujse'iuS ©fie idiri 

- . ';.:o 3:fn9s.s edi 7,d be'gsa&m saw noi;ti3oqx3 Qdi ..t-jBqeb 

9ri;t I0 W9iv ax cTirS .noiTiaoqxS eri^ to noiiJfic nem^tiB-qeCI 

beJoiosi) aBW ^i .^is^oBi.crio alri;^ lo .-tidxrixe Yio;f ob^sxvJbb b ©isq 

bns . r; h "( .t sir* ^:>l*tcvr ox'*?2i'^?i.:?OB"ii3^r{'"! '*'".'0 !5 ' ■jp-:^*'rS^ ■^df vino worip + 

'.txrax ' XdxaaQooja YXi-E>B9*i to fofiBri ni: nad^ a^w as idJoat 

-ra-f ni f!or^Bi»f)i2noo jri oslis 8BW eldaliavB v^^riori! to .:*r!5.r?inB 



In gathering the material it was fully realized that 
the things most important from the standpoint of educational 
values are not necessarily most attractive as exhibition mater- 
ial; but it was the aim to make the exhibit sufficiently dig- 
nified and substantial to be worthy of the attention of stu- 
dents, and at the same time to make it of such character as to 
attract the general public. 

The work of the Bureau in diffusing information was 
made the central feature of the exhibit on its substantial 
side. This consisted of (1st) its publications, which were 
shown in bound volumes; (2nd) a collection of statistical 
charts setting forth the condition of education in its various 
phases in the United States; (3rd) charts showing the state of 
education of various foreign countries; (4th) maps showing the 
distribution of educational institutions in the United States; 
(5th) a map showing the percentage of illiteracy in the several 
States; (6th) a large wall-chart showing statistically the pro- 
gress of education in the South during the last twenty years. 

The anomalous condition of the Bureau as a Govern- 
ment Office charged with the collection of statistics and si- 
milar information, but without the power to require reports, 
or funds v/ith which to pay for them, demanded that some means 
be employed to show how the required data are obtained. Ac- 
cordingly the exhibit included a collection of manuscript re-* 
turns which were voluntarily forwarded by the correspondents 
of the Office. These were bound in tv;enty-four thick volumes, 



-gii> Yl^fisio.tll5ia J-idirixa 9ri;t eilBm oi mi3 Bd-i aaw 3i tud ; IbI 

IjoijiiBjadixa aii no iidiiixs siiJ aO eiiio'BSx ljo'I^uso sdi ab&m 
S-19W doiriw t^noi^je&ildjjq aii (:t.al) 1o b8:^aJ:a^oo axr ai)ia 

iisOL'tsiv aJx iii iioijaOiJbe ^o aoiiibiioo sdcf dJ"iu'i: a^-ii^,iea s-i'.i^iio 

Q;i:J jjff ;:v^^--''-- ^qam (.-'•+i.' -■••-' ''^J-njJoo n3ii^*{;ol: rci-i-i l-..-v '^'•' ^'nt ^^. )ith^ 

iBTsyss edi ni ^iOBiei-iXXi "io s^Boneo'isq &di -^aiwodz qBsi & {iHg) 

-:>'>•:■' -p':'^ ': T f"..-. r +3 i + j^^ts ^nivroda :f'iBdo~IXBW e^n^-t -b (rio-^) ;H:e.-^B:fB 

-mevot) s aB rjBSiwa sdi lo noivtibnoo atroXfimoaB sriT 

t^Jioqai ,e'xxijpe*j. od' 'iswoq g»riJ djjod^iw ojJ'J {!iox;JBniio'jL.'ix 'lisXiia 
sxissm smoa iBdi hBhrnimsb traerict 'lol ^J^q oi riotdw dii^ Bbmj'i 'fo 

-oA .i)9nxj5:^do sib .siist) ha-jijjpei ed-^ ^^-ad woda r ■■ fs •,.■.;,-;..,:; gd 
•=•81 Jqxiasijriiira lo noxiJoeXXoo a bebuloaL ;tidxdxs adJ Y-i-Sii-i-i>ioo 

a.tnebncqas'xioo adt \id .bsbTiiWtol 'iiXxisdmrXov 9i9-w doirfw amucf 
^asmjjXov 3loiri:t i.uo1-'iinew.i iil Dnuod stew eaedT .90x11:0 eri.t lo 



which contained about thirteen thousand returns received in a 
single year from an equally great number of correspondents. 
When it is remembered that this tremendous mass of statistical 
information is obtained without cost, this portion of the ex- 
hibit becomes an excellent object lesson of the recognition by 
school men of the usefulness of the Bureau and of the value of 
its work in relation to their own. 

As examples of other sources from which data are ob- 
tained there were shown; (1) a collection of foreign school re- 
ports, embracing all civilized countries; (2) a number of Am- 
erican educational periodicals, nearly all the States of the 
Union being represented; (3) an extensive collection of re- 
ports of State and city school officers, and of catalogues of 
all classes of institutions represented in the Reports of the 
Office. Documents of the last class are characteristic of 
American education. They form one of the most valuable means 
of disseminating educational intelligence and of making the 
ideas and achievements of one institution the common property 
of all. They are freely and constantly used in the work of 
the Bureau of Education, and it was fitting that they should 
occupy an important place in the exhibit. 

Education in Alaska presented the opportunity of mak- 
ing one of the most attractive features of the Bureau's dis- 
play. The conditions of life in that Territory are so entire- 
ly different from the conditions that prevail in this part of 
the country, that it was thought proper to make a display of 



is ni bevLsoet 8mij:t9i bcisQuodi aQeittsii iuocjB oQatBinoo rioirfw 
. 8.tn9bfloq89Ttoi? "^0 Tsdiatrrs itseig ■^Ile.'jpe '-f.e moil: 139^ 9lj^>nJta 

-Jto 9ri;t :.i;tToq airfcf ,:t800 juorf^fiw aeai^J'do si noi;?Bmiolni 

\i<i noi t .!:n'^on'='t erft to nossel toetdo :tne.Cl90xe jib Bemoo^d" •■tidiri 

-d'o ©IS Sitsb ffoxdw raorct agoTuoa i&rf^D ^o aslqinsx-) aA 

•r/i 100 ;;i.i:a'io'i 1o noilo^IIoe r> (i) inwoiia eiew aigrf.t i)9nij3.+ 

-ffiA 1o ledmua b (S) ;a9tiinnoo ii)9stXivio iIj3 a^t^^i^^'^cfme ,3.t*xoq 

*id& to a9 + s:t8 sri^ lis X-t^Ja©-^ t »Isoiboif°q iBfio i-.tBOiiba aj3oi:*:f9 

- "■'" "" :^.:. J06II00 svtans:^^;-? .^^ , .j--,;::^-o;:-. jr-'j gaied •-'■^■' 

T:o asuaolBctBo lo bas ^aidoillo loorloa "i^io bas eisiS lo ajioq 

9rf;t lo avtToq9H ^.d.+ ni becfneae'jqgi aaoiiu^i^ani lo 39aaBlo lis 

"^0 ri' \jsy-^.:i:.> ;• i.r. .•o;.jj;:y :?3sl sdcf 1:0 aJfiSJiyjood .ODiltC 

(ijsm sldfiylBv .taom srict 1o 9no jntox ^i9dT .noi:tBOifb© nBoii9raA 

9rf:f ^niJiBm lo .bns 9on93iIIs;tai iBnof it.sr'ufoe ^nicfiUTlfflsasi;') 1o 

\i-isqoiq .u..u^-c;j - -'♦ aoi^uct i:t8ai 9fio : ■!:^..:vV9li<oii iiiia ..-;,o-v.ji 

I0 3iiow 9r[:t flx bssu (ilcfnBcTanoo ba& \i3ei1 eis xqAT ,I.L& lo 

oluoria Y9rf^ .tBrii aaicfctil: asv? ti ^-tb ,noi.tBOfjJc>3 to u.hotcuS sri^ 

-::^sm to xiiauitoqqo sdi be^aeasiq BaisBlA nl aoi:tijojj£j3 

-Exb 3'yB9T[jjS srfj- I0 89i:u^B9l 9vir! ob-sj vtB j-aoffi 9f{;t to eno ani 

-;,ii"na '^•: ■"• - - - v v,.,,.^- .,,.,. ^j. ^-^ =. r -v,, arioi:?-it>noo adT . ^Blq 

lo i^Bq sirii nx IiBV9^q jadt 3noi>tii>noo 9ri:^ xnoit ;fn9T9ttxb '^I 
to vBlq3xb B 9:^BEi oJ taqoTCT :^d5JJ0ri:^ aBW :tl c^Bri:* , Yic^ajjoo 9rf^ 



64 



characteristic Alaskan articles, in order to show under what 
disadvantages educational work in that territory is maintained. 
This portion of the exhibit was very largely the work of Dr. 
Sheldon Jackson, the General Agent of Education in Alaska. 

A few articles were shown which were intended to give 
an idea of the habits and customs of the natives. These in- 
cluded totem poles, articles of apparel, instruments for pre- 
paring skins for use, dishes and utensils, masks used in their 
dances, models of canoes, carvings from ivory and horn, bask- 
ets, hats, etc., made from grass and bark. These were supjile- 
mented by a number of photographs showing groups of natives in 
their characteristic costume, snow-houses, dog-sleds, the man- 
ner of disposition of their dead -- it could scarcely be called 
"burial" — and of typical Alaskan scenery. There were also 
a number of drawings by natives representing various scenes 
common in their experience, such as games, dances, fishing, 
walrus-hunting, seal-clubbing, etc. 

The flora of Alaska was shown in a number of water 
color paintings which were kindly loaned by Miss E. Leslie 
Jackson, the artist. Miss Jackson was at one time connected 
with one of the schools at Sitka, and it was during her resi- 
dence there that the paintings were made . 

The schools themselves and their work were represent-S 
ed by Statistics, specimens of school work, photographs of 
buildings, of pupils, before and after attendance, of typical 
civilized and uncivilized families, etc 



.l59>iiB^aJ:jsin ac Y'jo.t r-Tie:f v+^rfcf nx 3iiow lBnoi::tBoyfea ^B-^aiaBvbBaib 

, •^'•■" ■'■•-^ ■■^■'■- .,j. -■-■i.iil %'ieY aB'^- '^ ',■■ I ■■■"■'■' ■■■'':— "''•"■ •-^-' : ■■"■oq KxrfT 

... •..■::...i!T .o-v-v.,oi' 'to Sfso^aJD bn::i Qiidad erU lo S9bi iiB 

-etq 'lol actfismutitarfi ^iBisqqs lo esloi^is ^asloq oisjoj b8i>tfIo 

.:i9rit nt ibsau aM8Bm ralianscrjj briB aeriaib rsay tol anijia gnltsq 

-9ltqwa G19W saerfT -jI^Bd bna safi-f^ moTl abam ..o:t9 ,a:iBd. .nis 
;ey..t+Bn lo agi.fOT;§ giiiworla afiq6t:3od'oriq lo t^drawn b \;cf foectnem 

69IXB0 scf Y-teoii=i03 joluoo *i ^tjj ilbAH lo noiJiaoqaxij lo i&n 

oals 016W sisrfT , i^ien9oa nsjiasIA isrs'Lq^i lo bna -- ''Isitud" 

aenfioa aLfoi-tBv QnL:?a9a9tq6i sevilBn ;, - ..= gniwB'i.b lo 'Tsedraun b 

tSiiirfail tasanjslD ,a8raBa as riowB eSonex'ieqxQ 'xisxi aonimoo 

.o:^e ,:;snxffdsrXn" LjasE t:?nx^fiyf{~3i;ilBW 
■■■;:■.:. " '" 'ledaii/n B nx nwona 3Bw ri5l,':;.->_.i>. .■... ♦•i'loll "'^? 

oxIasJ .a aaxM ^d I)9ni30l \;Iij/iX3i ©tew rioxrfw agnionxfiq toloo 
l)9.tr>enrT0 arriit sno :''B ai3v/ noai^oBT, aa f .■; ..tail'^iB srfit ,rao32ioBt 

. efosm 9'19W a^iii.JMXisq en J c^BdJ e'lSfi^f oonsb 
-ctxieasiqsT 9T9w ::diow ixerf^ fonB aQvIearaarii aloodoa sriT 

"'• • ..:.iJcsT:^o:?orfq .>[*iow looffoa lo cnsruoec.^ •--'•-•'': -^ '-^.i?Bi-p '-'■■^ ')9 
lB3xq'\£d' lo taonabiisJcfB lacflB bnB eioled ,aliqijq lo .sjiaiijliiid 

0:^9 faeilxniBl besilivxonw bnB besxixvio 



6 



K 



The current agitation in favor of improved school 
desks and the widespread demand for complete adjustability led 
to the exhibition of a series of models of desks that were in 
the possession of the Bureau, supplemented by a number of 
models of similar kind exhibited in the Bureau's space at our 
instance by the U. S. Patent Office. 

These were selected with a view to show typical spe- 
cimens of desks at different periods of progress, beginning 
with the primitive puncheon bench and ending with the latest 
patent adjustable desks. Labels were carefully prepared 
showing the peculiarity of each desk, with mention of those 
features in which progress was indicated over desks previously 
made . 

In the bay-window at one end of the space allotted 
to this Office were displayed a large collection of photographs, 
illustrating typical educational institutions of the United 
States. There were represented public schools, academic for 
boys, seminaries for girls, normal schools, schools for the 
deaf, schools for the colored race, medical schools, schools 
of technology, agricultural and mechanical colleges, colleges 
for women, and colleges and universities. 

The photographs were selected to show as far as pos- 
sible for each institution: (1st) material equipment, including 
buildings and grounds, laboratories, apparatus, etc.; (2nd) 
professors and teachers; (3rd) groups of students or pupils; 
(4th) work of pupils; (5th) social life and games. 



;i Slew iBdi aiaeb "io al9.oom "to ssiiari f, "^o rir,l-i idlnx^: BiiJ oj' 

1o 'leammi jo ^ci DOJissrasIqqLfa e*ij^ai.t;d Qrii lo aoiaoij^iaoq erf;}' 

two JB eoBqa a'iiSQiJja 9r{:t ai isedicfirfxe f>[ii3i ^BXixHi:3 lo aXafeom 

-9qa lB'jiq.^(.,t ?/Oiia Ou ^^-dlv >■. r<.i iw heSoelBs. criaw ^asrfT 

aAiinnigscf .aastaoiq lo aboii&q iaete'itib .tB asissi) lo ansraio 
d'se^Bl erf.t dtii- >3nii)n9 ba& fonocf noorfr/a'jj ?5vi::tiiiix'rq o-f.t rf.t fi? 

980ri;t lo noliiism Aiiv .iLaQb dose lo Y^i^BiI^J09q edi sniworfa 

heater oIlB eoBqa 9rf:t lo bus oao i& wo^nxw-^isd eri^ nl 

8rfqsTro,?orf.q lo izoiifoBlLoo sniisJ .3 bcvr=.r;7P. rh q-frw '-lo'ltO p..t-f.t .-^-t 

j.jj'i.iiu erij' lo axiCioUJiJ aiii j.iinQiJ;>oij*ie i^oxqi^^ ^iii^^s'id'aijili 

Tol aatraebBOB c^-Ioorfoa oiXcfuq jbs^iteasiqe't i^'iew s'lorfT . 39^Bd^8 

9ri:^ Tol aloorfofi .aIoorfD3 :I.f,ryi-forf .;; r-f !:-<?i "u^"i s-r-xBalaeB fS^od 

sloorloa c3icorioa iiioxiDSiii ,ooj&i i)iE/ioi.oi> siiJ iloorioa <lBe.b 

aeaelloo ,3939X100 XBoxnBrfo9i« baB LBiui Luol't:%B xX-%oLondoei lo 

gnxbuXoax ?;tnofcqxjjpe XtxitvUirn ("ai) : aox^i-rcri + afix doiio '£01 BXdxa 

;aiiqijq ic sjii-.jjij^t £ xo .^qiJO'i;;^ \ii'j:^) i a':9:ioi.&j o^ix. a-iO^^iariloiq 
.a9niB§ bflB elxX Xsiooa (lictfi) jaXxquq lo 3iT[ow icii^) 



66 



**' These photographs were arranged in wall cabinets by 
classes of institutions; under each class the arrangement was 
alphabetical. 

As a means of adding to the attractiveness of the 
exhibit, as well as for its historical and pedagogical value, 
a series of pictures were prepared and exhibited , illustrat- 
ing various forms of school punishment. This idea originat- 
ed with the Commissioner. In its execution, Mr. Felix E. Ma- 
hony was detailed from the Pension Office and a room was furn- 
ished as a studio for him in the building of the Geological 
Survey. Twenty water color drawings were made illustrating 
nearly all the varieties of punishment capable of illustration 
which were found in the course of an extensive investigation. 
The pictures were neatly framed and attracted wide attention. 

In regard to methods of display a few words may be 
said. Some of the furniture used had previously seen service 
at the World's Fair in 189S, but it was all renovated, and 
much of it was remodeled to suit the special need of this case. 

One tall exhibition case, largely of glass, was fit- 
ted with shelves and used as a book case; another of similar 
style was utilized to exhibit the models of school desks, and 
answered the purpose admirably. Three small book cases of 
ordinary library style were purchased ready made for bound 
volumes; they were set against the wall and were as neat as 
any that would have been specially designed. Statistical 
charts and many of the photographs were displayed in "wing- 



srfcr lo aB9n9vi:foB-j*:t3 edcf o:^ §£iif)i)B to ajiBSra b sA 

-J-Brixgi-io BODi atffT , cfnamffalniiq loorfos lo amiol 8jjoj:tb%' j^ni 

-sii .1 xllQ'^ .iM ,floiiuo9X9 ati nl . tanoissiramoO 9r[;t r[.ti:w bs 

-nth-J. 3P.W moo-j -. bns sonw noiarisq srf.? mo-fl bellBdab sbw Yncii 

iBOiaoioer) sricf lo aaiJblii/d sd^ ni miri 10I oJ:&ir:f8 b sb bgrfal 

^aiiBiiaisLll ob&m s-iew agniwBib loloo -ts^bw vcfnewT . vevryS 

.■^oi:rBt:ta«IIi lo sldisqBO in3mnalni;q lo seictv^j. i,,v snj ^xi^ vnesn 

.noi..jiisi;t39via evienacTxe na lo eaTs/oo 9ri:t ni bmrol bibvit rfoirfw 

.noi:?n9J;:rB e&iw Iiac^oBictois bas bsrnBil ■.:I:tB'=>n f^-rsr s9iu:?orq srfT 

acf YBic el3-^ow W8l s YBlqati) lo aoori + em .,.: ■y^i^-^:^- ril 
oivi'sa nasa ^lauoivsiq bad beau eis/cfimi;! sdJ lo amo8 .biez 
b£i& tbeSBvoaei Ll^ riBW ^ t >tixd /SRBI ni tiB'>l s rblioW srij- its 
.saso aid:!' lo bssn listoeqa eri;t ;?iu£ ... .;„x.u)orae'; --v ji xo rloum 
-:fil 5BW .aesls ^o ^19315! ,9330 noI:?iriiffx9 IlB:f enO 

TBlifflla lo lerfiofiB ;9aB0 jfood b 3b beau fons ^^evlerfa rftir bacT 

briB -37la9b loonos lo alsbom edi itdidKB oi :,).-.Kiii.:f sj sh^ elY^a 

":o assBo jloorf IlBnia sein'T . •^elrfBtXitfOB iaoq-tuq erf* beiaqraas 

bnjjod •xol ebBiti YbB9*i bSBBrfoicyq sto'w ^Iv.ta ^^TB'idil -^^Bnibfo 

3.;^ :tAon 8B 916^ bHB IlBw 9x1:? :tani,i.^^ „ ^.. -•xi;;w "^siii jasiTijjiQv 

lBoi.taiw*B:t?, .b9n-3ia9b ^-tlBioeqa assd svBrf bisjow ^Bdi yns 

-aniw« ni be^Blqaib 9'X9W arfgBtj50:toriq sdi lo Ynsas ., acfisrio 



67 



frames", some of which were hung about circular pillars and 
some on an upright frame above a heavy table that differed but 
little from ordinary patterns. The frames themselves were of 
the "single -frame" variety. In each there were two sheets of 
glass, between which charts were placed, one facing each way; 
all were held in the frame by means of beads. They are more 
troublesome to mount than the double frames formerly used, but 
they are lighter, neater, and cheaper. 

There was not sufficient wall space to display the 
framed pictures, and the need was supplied with two screens 
ten feet long by seven and one-half feet high. The frames 
were neatly made of polished oak, the body of the screens being 
made of matched pine covered with dark red felt. One end was 
fastened to the wall while the other was securely braced with 
heavy irons. The upright portions of the braces were made to 
fit exactly the inside of the posts and the horizontal por- 
tions were mortised into the floor, so that the means of sup- 
port were not visible. All the punishment pictures and the 
water colors of Alaskan flowers were thus hung, and what 
threatened to be a troublesome problem was satisfactorily 
solved. 

A case designed for the maps was fitted with large 
spring rollers on which the maps were rolled singly when not 
in use. There were two such cases, each holding four maps. 

A large number of photographs were exhibited in wall 

eases similar to those first used in the New Jersey school ex- 
hibit 



'.^i:i bsTsHib .tErfj eldB^ YVBexi s ovorfs ecnBi'i .-^rf-?. 1*^:^1; 'i.^. no ssoa 

"to s-tew a9Vi93meri.t aemB^l x^rfT . acneJ'c^Bg YianiD-io iiio'i i f)I;J':tiI 

a^39rfa ow;f sisw STSiii' rfoae ni . Y^S'-t^f-B'"' "©mBil-el^nla" srfJ 

. ta'7j3er^n 5nB -'i9sti56n ,fB:fd-%lL eis ^sriiJ 

erf:}- \'JBlq3i& oi eosq-a iiiiv; ;J'ii3 xsi xi^-s oon 3X4^; SMedT 

snsstoa ow* ritiw bsilqqns asw been sricf bfiB ,&9tuioJiq &sffl«tl 

aeriTB'Tl Off? ..ff-^iri *^3l 'il3ri~9no bns risvps Yd vt:oL .t'isl: aait 

gnieiJ aasiJioa sn^ to "^^jdoc 3;i:t ^:j{30 boriaiioq '10 :;^Bi4i vi^r^ej-T e-if'W 

SBw bas 9n0 .ctlsl Jbsi :&iBb diiw foe-ievoo eaiq fceriocfiira 'io sbBra 

-r-ti-.y.- r-..-,o.BTd ^l9ii;o8S n.svr 'iert.to erf? nlir^w .risiff e.^.t oi b^noip.zl 

J eLBm i>'iQW ^90JB^d srf:? lo anoii"'ioq j aijiTqu sriT .snoii YVBsri 

--«ioq iBinosiiori (?di briB eJsoq eri? lo ebisni ©ri^ Y^^^^-Bxe :til 

-que "^ ■•■ --irtA.-v.f. exi;? ;t£r'j os j-Nrnr; f*^ ^^rlS o:t".i b£2 r;^-.toffi er.:6w enci;? 

Bdi jjfiii as-sijooiq cTascrfEinL-q od:? ilA .eidisiv jOxi eisw :fioq 

^Bdw baB tS^JJri surfed 6i©w atswolii asziaeLk "io aioloo ie;?BW 

s^TBl riJiw Jbej^tll SBvr eqBin sricf toI: fc>erts,i3sb sbbo A 
-■nrr fT--,n:w ^^IgniE bel.Ioi ft'tew sqxstn p.nS j-'oiriT.- etc oTbIIoi r^nlTqs 
.aqBCi fuol ^niblorf iloBS ,aosBo xloufi owj eia^?' 919:/: . tBU ni 
"Iflw ni l)S»:?idirfx8 sisw ariqBi%oiodq I0 'isdmi/n ss'ibI A 

:Mdirf 



68 



Mbit at the World's Fair. They consisted of a series of 
fifteen light frames, each holding a heavy sheet of cardboard, 
swung in a compact cabinet with a glass door. The photographs 
were mounted on the cardboard with ordinary paper fasteners. 
Cabinets of this kind are, in my experience, by far the best 
means for displaying such material, and they were admirably 
suited to our purposes. 

For the small curios from Alaska a show case of the 
so-called "monitor" pattern was built, the taller central por- 
tion being used for small totem poles and the lower portion at 
the ends being filled with smaller articles. 

The ornamental effects were secured by the use of 
(1) portraits of former Commissioners, on the walls; (2) small 
groups of statuary representing school scenes, on the lo¥^ book 
cases; (5) peculiar baskets of Alaskan fashion on the higher 
cases; and (4) globes and telescopes on the pillows of the 
wing -frames . 

The colored transparencies of southern scenery in 
the windows formed a part of the exhibit of the Geological 
Survey, but added greatly to the attractiveness of our own. 

JAMES C. BOYKIN, 

Agent, Bureau of Education. 



o^Bod£)^JBO lo ieeiia ^VBed,£, :gaXblorl rfose, ,8emBTl ^fit^ii nDs+'^ll 
. cj-i^ncJ a,iji "vsqiiq .;'i*i£ii.;3'A0 riuiw i>*iBOobiBt' erfj" no bSocwots. siew 

.aoaoqiuq iiro oi be^iL^e 
en:S "io 63B0 woxf3 js sMebIA inoil aoiiuo llmms ©rl:t ^o'5 

: liOiJioq "^o^A-oi oiler i.,iijBi tiyloq assooJ xl«,j£ii3 -io'i beBu gxii&d noij 

.aelolvtiB TsIIsflie rf^iw Jbelli'l sni^cf ebns srf^ 

ii£;i-ii£ (Si; jsllBv sii'W ao ,8ienoiaciimiiioO 'fefniollo BilBiitoq (X) 
2lood vox ecii no tasns&e Xoorfos gnt^nessiqei Y'^stJ^-siTs lo nrfrrois 

8x1 J '10 ^woilx.q Siio uo Esqoo&wi^j JbnB eedolg (1^) £)nii ; ebebo 

■ ..,^,,,^.,., :-''v-r'^!j08 trv '■^. ^o^9^ii. ... .eTOIof; srfT 

lr>cx^ox. jiiixe Qdi to d'ljsq b bemio*5: 8woi)niw erii* 

• nwo 11/0 lo &a3nQYlioB'ii:iB edi oi xlissi:^ bsbba JucI .YeviuP 

,MI7TY0S .0 SaMAl 
. c! T lo 1^-Be- ' 



THE BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS. 

The small amount allowed for the expense of the exhib- 
it of the Indian Bureau at Atlanta made it necessary to re- 
strict the exhibit to the presentation of the educational side 
of the work of the Government gunong Indians. Owing to limited 
space assigned that Bureau in the exhibition building, the ex- 
hibit was again restricted to the work of the school rooms, 
sewing rooms and shops, omitting any presentation of methods 
and results of Indian school training in other domestic lines 
and in farming. 

Over fifty Government Indian schools in eighteen 
states and territories were asked to furnish specimens of 
schoolroom and industrial work which would give a fair idea 
of the training afforded in the school and the proficiency of 
the pupils. Most of them responded with creditable material. 

In the exhibit were represented sixteen of the non- 
reservation training schools, viz: 

Albuquerque, N. M. Ft. Mojave, Ariz. 

Carlisle, Pa. Ft. Totten, N. Dak. 

Chemawa, Ore. Grand Junction, Colo. 

Cherokee, N. C. Keara's Canon, Ariz. 

Chilocco, Okla. Haskell Institute, Kans . 

Carson City, Nev . Phoenix, Ariz. 

Ft. Lapwai, Idaho. Ferris, Cal. 

Ft. Shaw, Mont. Santa Pe , N. Mex. 

Also twelve reservation boarding schools, viz: 

Kiowa & Comanche reservation, Okla. (three schools). 
Klamath, Ore. 
Puyallup, Wash. 
Sac & Pox, Okla. 



.SHIA'^IA VLAiaVll %0 UAIffHUa SHT 

iffxe orI;t to oanaqxs srid' loJ b^vrolLB .-tn^oE^ ilBire 3-fT 

onoicfsojji)9 9ri:t to noiiBineasiq edi oi ;tidirix9 &di ^oi'^iB 

bo^iTPiL oS goiwO . anBifinT r^^ncrr^ insmn'revo'y) f^K.'! to tI'iow r^r-'i to 

§nJ:l)Xiija noiitidixixt; sr: . .-BS'iiia jb.ij BCi'igiaa£ eoscja 

,8moon looffoa 9ri;t to 3fiow srfct oi beioiiizet nxBgB asw ;ticfxri 

?.bo.rf.^arE to r!ci«"tr.:tnsSve"rq v'lr :?;ni ?.-*irr!0 ,rmodE b:^:x~5 smoot r.niT/ree 

.jsrilrtrtjBt ai bnjs 

fJG9.1iini:9 ni alcodoa nxsibnl j-nDfraievoC vttit tpvO 

to s:;-..ui?iiqc]; :;.airi':[i^ X o.: og:^e5 eisv; asi'ioJnii/J dhb se;tBw£ 

J5©^1 liBt B SYis bluow rloirfw 2J[*iow Ijsxi^tawJbni bnB ffiooTloorioa 

if! YOJ^»-t'?i:toi-'7 erf* bnB iocr^os srf:^ ni bsbiottB t^ninlBij- 9d:f to 

j.j^Ni -19 3:^(1! sldtAive-iD :.:f LYi .DODncqEG'i msffct to JacM . aiiquq ©rl;t 

ii? to r59©;txis bscfneaeiqei siew :tidirlx9 9ri:t ml 

:siv ,aIooi{os sniniflii' noid'x^v*'j'')a9i 

,sxiA t9VBt, oM . :r'3; .M .Tl , 9i;i ■ 

.:^Ba .M ,n9;tcroT . .f? . b^ , 

.oXoO tHoxjonuT, ba&ix) . eiO ^BwamerfO 

.sxiA ,nonBO •• * '^ .0 .PI , f)e:rfo*isf{0 

. anB^I ,etu■:Ji.-^a^I I,; .[ .bIjTO ,ooooXiiiO 

.sJtiA fXinoof(*T .vsM t\:;tiO nosTsD 

.xeM .H ,e^ b^hbB . :tnoM ,weri8 . *'? 

;sxv ,aioorioa j^nxjo'XBOO noxjBV'ised'i e-vIe-^F.-c ohIA 

. (eloorfoe aetrf^) .Bl3f0tnox;tBVTS39*i f^rlonBcroO ^S Bwoi:}i 

.rfaB¥ tqjj.v ^ ( 

.Bl2iO ,K0% :?> 0B8 



70 



San Carlos, Ariz. 

Navajo, Ariz. 

Ouray, Utah. 

Standing Rock, N. Dak. (two schools). 

Also several day schools on the Pine Ridge and Rosebud reser- 
vations, south Dakota, and two mission boarding schools in 
Oklahoma . 

The schoolroom work consisted of papers representing 
all grades from kindergarten to algebra, together with well- 
drawn maps and free-^hand drawings, clay modeling and relief 
maps . 

The sewing rooms sent all sorts of needlework, from 
patching and darning and neatly made (and sometimes elaborate- 
ly trimmed) underclothing to finely finished uniforms for men 
from the tailor shops and cloth suits for ladies, not omitting 
crocheting, knitting, drawn work and embroidery, and a pair of 
diminutive Navajo blankets. Samples of "real" pillow lace 
from her lace-making schools among the Ghippewas were added by 
Miss Sybil Carter. 

The school shops furnished harness, bridles and 
shoes, tinware and specimens of joiner, blacksmith and wagon 
work; among them well made cabinets, a miniature harrow and 
road scraper and a model of a ship. 

The schoolroom work mounted on cards 28" by 22" was 
displayed in four oak wall cases, each of which contained 14 
swinging frames iinglazed, holding two cards each; also in a 
column wing frame which had 20 glazed swinging frames in two 
tiers. 



. ( a 1 on a oWS } , i^^a .1/1 , 3i o o H sn x dhb i 8 

■■jUiooala Zbiiii^ HiiiQa bi-m) bLi&ai "-^X^^sn baB %nin^si} baa i^aidoiaq 

"io 'iiiiq ij jDiSs i\^&biO'iQ£^& ban jiiow nwBii) rgaiJJ-ixti ^^ni&'^dooio 
BO&l woiXiq "Xbgi" Io BelqatBr ,tf^>ffTBlrf otJBVBH 9vi:^?.rntmi:£i 

£>nB aeXljiid tCeeniBri bf^Ke i^-rnt gqorfR Xoorfoa ©dT 

■■''■"-^^ '"^ ■ ^ ''''"'■' '^'^ "-^ ■■■-^^ ,,-......„;... ^eoria 

bile vo'i'ij&n ij'iijdi&iiiiii ^ealdat) em->m Iisw medj gnomB iii^sow 

. qirf3 ii Io isbom b bfB i9q«tD8 b&oi 

iX banxBcinoo xioirfw lo rfoBS ^asaBo XXbw iIbo •xuo'i ni bSMBXqallj 



71 



The specimens of industrial work were arranged in 
four oak cases 9 1/2 f t . x 8 f t . x 4 f t . The cases themselves 
being made at the Carlisle school shops, were a noteworthy part 
of its own exhibit. 

The Indian Bureau exhibit was given a floor space of 
only 20 x 32 feet, adjoining the Educational Bureau, and it 
had a wall space of 50 x 11 feet. 

The floor space was mainly occupied by the four large 
cases. The wall space was filled as follows: under the win- 
dow the school exhibit from Haskell Institute, then a cherry 
cabinet made at Carlisle, the wing-column, a fine piece of 
furniture made of red wood from Phoenix and a lounge made at 
Albuquerque. Turning the corner were the four cases of 
schoolroom work, two on each side of a glazed center space 
which was filled with some superior specimens of work and the 
Chippewa lace exhibit. 

For the decorative effect a dado made of Chippewa 
mats filled the space below these cases, and above were hung 
the photographs of Indian school buildings and pupils with 
work from the art department of the Carlisle school in char- 
coal and oil and water color. Navajo blankets hung on the 
upper part of the partition and were spread over the lounge. 
On each corner of the cases stood pieces of Pueblo pottery, 
while high over all hung a birch bark canoe. The window 
space was filled with the transparencies of prominent Indians 
and scenes from Indian life, furnished by the Geological Sur- 
vey. Over the archway leading to the Agricultural Department 



:tiBq xdiioweion b s-isw fgaorfs loofic-a elail'iBO &ii^ JB elDBin gnied 

.mdidxe ff wo 8 :}• i '1 o 
lo 90BqE Tooil B f!9vlg 3BW oidifixe ixBeinG nB/JjiiI sxiT 

SI briB fjciBstiiS iBnoiJfioJjbS 9ri^ ^ninio'cbB t^^st S5 x OS %lno 

.isQl LL x OS lo eoBqs IIbw b jbBri 

-aiw dfio "AcijDiijj . swollol: aB foelXii dB« aOBqK ilBW 9riT . ssaBO 

YTisrfo B nerl^t ,e.tiLf JicranI XIsjiaBH mott ^icfirixs Xoorioe srf-j' woi) 

T'' -^-.t:. 'v £,.-, ^'Y■ ,:;• , ar-i: r. ..^„•n^ ;_V7 3f(^ f el R ' '"'"■"''' ..DBffi ctenicfBo 

■tB ebism egiiwoX b ijnB xiiisori^ mo-il boow ije-i xo ei>*vm etu^tiinwl 

1:0 B98BD "fifol 9di eiev/ isnioo 9ii:f Snintj; aLfpisupucfXA 

soBqs -le^Jaso i^esBXs b lo ei)ia rioBO no ow^ -^Iiovr mooiLoono^ 

Qdi bn.& ziiow Ic ansmiosqs loi'iequs exaoa ri^iw bsLLil -sbw noirfw 

.vidirfx© sobX B7/9qqirf0 
BWsqqXriO '^■^ '-'.bBm obBi) >■. jsl'le svi.-tB'Joss;- ''-■^' • 
Snurf 8*i9w tvodB bnB ,aeaBO sasrf;? woXsd sobqs eri.? ijeilil a:}' Bra 
ri#iw aXiqjjq Mb agniDXiwd Xooiioa nBl&nl 1o a.rfqBiaoioriq 8d^ 

Offi iso siiijii gvleiiiiBld o(,bvbVI .10X00 ibjBW Jjob lio Lui; Iboo 

.esnxjoX srf^ -isvo bB9*iq3 stew bns noiiii'TiBq, eril lo o'^TiBq -^oqqir 

^liBiioq, oXdsu^ lo 3605.i;q bcocfa a&aBO oricf lo isn""" rr'-r-^- -•. .-tn 

wo&niw ©dT .eonso iL'^&6 r!o*^:id b §ni;rf XXb nevo ji^iii siiriw 

aiiBibnl ctnsniraoiq *5o a^sXorieiBqaiaBiw 9rf;t dcfiw fosXIi* aBW aoBqa 

^flriiiiJ-iBqoCL iB^fJJiJXJJOi-igA 8ffJ Oil §nl&Bei itXiWlio'lB felLj levO . ^d9V 



72 



there hung a number of photographs of educated Indians and the 
Carlisle banner with its motto "Into Civilization and Citizen- 
ship" had its place over the wing-frame. 

By far the most complete and comprehensive of the 
individual exhibits was that of the Carlisle school, whose 
system of industrial training is well known and has served as 
an example to many institutions throughout the country. 

The exhibit as a whole marks a new epoch in Indian 
affairs -- when the results of the educational efforts for this 
greatly misunderstood people become of sufficient magnitude 
and interest to Justify the position given them. That the 
place has been fairly won, a knowledge of this exhibit amply 
proves . 

A. J. STANDING, 
Assistant Superintendent, Carlisle School. 



. smsil-sniw erii isvo soaiq a^i bBci "qtrta 

B& bevtss BBff bHB nwox-rA IIsw si sniniBt;t liiifcJaubni lo isects^a 

-usibnl ni riooqe wen b aiiiBEj. eioxl* fi ss jj[aifiX6 sriT 

eirf^t 'xol acr-foll8 iBnoid'BOJjhs edi lo s^IUBei sffd" nerf-K- -- a-^iiBllB 

&bisdin-g&m cfnsioilli/B Ic omvo«.-^ -.rM-p-r hnn/tft^fCihrfr!?: tm vlti-iSt:^ 

eri.t :tBnT .merfj nevls noio'iaoq &no 'i'lliaui o^ Jaeio^tnl dhb 

YlqmB iidirfxe 8i:ri:f lo ssfoelwon:?' ovr \;liiBl need 8Br( eoslq 

. eovoiq 

.ioodoB. sIsiltBO ,;tns£>ite*nj:iequ8 :rnB:t3ia8LA. 



73 



THE U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 

The exhibits of the U. S. Geological Survey, were di- 
vided into two distinct portions; one of these, the general 
display, was in the Government Building, in the direct person- 
al charge of the Representative; the other, economic in its 
character, was organized by Dr. D. T. Day in the building de- 
voted to Minerals and Forestry. A separate report concern- 
ing the latter is appended. 

The general exhibit of the Survey occupied a floor 
space of about 1800 square feet, and displayed the usual acti- 
vities of the Bureau. A large exhibit of maps, mainly of 
southern localities, covered the available wall space, which 
was 10 feet in height and nearly 50 feet long. In addition, 
the windows were filled with a collection of 72 photographic 
transparencies, made in the Survey laboratory by Mr. J. K. 
Killers; of these, 12 related to Indian subjects, and were 
shown in connection with the Indian exhibit. The other, of 
which 30 were colored, represented geological scenery, with 
particular reference to the Southern States. In order to ob- 
tain the latter series, Mr. Killers made two extended trips 
through the South, visiting points in North Carolina, Tennes- 
see, Georgia, and Florida, taking negatives at all noteworthy 
points. In Georgia especially, the views of Stone Mountain, 
Kenesaw, Tallulah Falls and Toccoa Palls were most character- 
istic . 

In the foreground of the exhibit, facing a main aisle 



,Y3VHU8 JAOISOaOSC .8 .U 'SET 

9i) gnlniiud sffcf ni x&a iQ ^d DesinBgio aiiw ^teion'^iido 

-nrfeoxioo ^toqB*T -^■.:t.B'XBqo3 A .^'^^seio'^ fens sIs^rentT' r..t r-.i-j.-^c-v 

. jjBDasqqs as. 'lesj^il uilJ ^xii 
looll: J3 beiqsjDOO xovtuZ ©rio^ lo JidxrfKS iB'i&nss arfT 

-i;to.>5. Lbi'Bu 'id* bexBLqelb bnsi ,.t^;3l: e^jSL-re 0081 :*trof: nc.^^qa 

rioiiiw fBOsqe ILsv eId£liBV£ odct bstevco .a9i:tilBooI nisri^jjos 

.■H .L .-fM Ycf Yio;JBiod£l ^ev^lf8 srf;? ai sbBic tasioneiBqanBicT 

9-i9w biiB ,3cfost^'^'S n.6ittnl o^ hBi&Iei SI : osnrf^ tc :EtsriiH 

lo ,*ssrfcl-o 9ffT , ^\^aj.iiji;s n^ibnl sxij rijiw nox^csnxioo iii iiworfs 

rfJiw t^iisneos iBoiaoIos:^ bs^Jn&asiqsi tbeioloo eiew OS rloirfw 

-do Oct t8i5io x-i" ;(?.+ jst2 ni5ff.-tjJ03 Bdi oi GonsT'^.ln'r '(sIuoiJ-iBq 

8qiT[^ bbi)ii:^.^.xv ov/c i^jjBin s-^elxiH . iM .aoiios •:{9:t;tBi srf;t nijB:f 

-senneT ,£li11oi&0 rfcTioH ni scfnioq gnxctiaJLv ,ri:tuo3 &di ri^Lsotdi 

v:ri.l"io¥/9;to.n ILe :?b asvi+i375sn 7?ni:iB;f ,£i)x-f.::I'5T f)nis .sx^io^wn ..^ea 

■ixB^nuoK exic'jc ic a-Asxy situ ^vilBxoaqas Bx^ioeO nl .c,,Jnxoq 

•^B^DBtBrlo ;faom eisw gild's jbooooT has alls'? rfBluIIfiT tW4Ba9ne>I 

. oiisl 
^^^■^-•■- i:> a^'-S'-OBl ,;?x(.:inx& -.3ri+ lo fonuoiasiol: erf;? nl 



74 



of the building, a collection of relief maps and geologic 
models was displayed. Of these, one only was new; a relief 
map showing the region from Atlanta to Chattanooga inclusive, 
and from a point perhaps 20 miles east of Atlanta to another 
westward of Anniston. This map, in moderate, not high, re- 
lief, gave a most excellent notion of the topography of that 
area. It may be regarded as one of the most successful mod- 
els yet made under the auspices of the Survey. 

In the center of the exhibit, were placed two large 
relief models of the United States, made with the proper cur- 
vature as segments of a globe. One was topographic only, the 
other showed the ice sheet of the Glacial Period, and so 
brought out an essential difference between the northern and 
southern portions of our country. These models were made by 
Mr. H. 1:. Howell, under the supervision of officers of the 
Survey. 

The geological features of the exhibit strictly 
speaking, were necessarily limited in extent, and filled only 
seven double Liverpool cases. Two cases contained southern 
minerals, two a collection representing the Yellowstone Na- 
tional Park, two a general collection of fossils, and the sev- 
enth an educational series of rocks. The specimens, however, 
were all carefully selected; so that the exhibit, thojtgh small, 
was exceptionally choice in quality. It represented espe- 
cially the scientific side of our work, leaving the practical 
phases of geology to the department of mines and mining. In 



"t * i r ■'■' "J p. :V:<^;i 2jBV/ Xln^"'- ■•no .^i?;*^!^" ^0 . h'-.V'" Tir?- r r^ •;S''S. " T ■-, "i n fi5 

isd^onB oS Bin^Lik Ito Jsbs asXxm OS sqsrfieq iciioq s hjoiI bnjB 

-■3'ir . n -o I: "'I 'toi: . ?i:* B"''?^ hen' ''.t . ;"ir^r"! "r ? rfT . •>n"'' R r rfr* A 'v "i r-; _\'wi'i^ '^W 

-bom XulBBsoojja d-gora &dt to sao ea i>&l)*TB3si sd >^fic; iSiB 

TjXfiO oeiXi'i dhb ti:ie:iji.- .>eilUill vXi'tjbSoi&ofon a>'i9W ,§Dij[js9qa 

(I'iQdiiJOB beniBiaoo bbbbd ovtT . afcaso XooqisvlJ ©Xdiroi) nevea 

^laveworf ^3fi8mlo©qa exlT . siooi lo asitaa Xbho t:t£0JJi)8 hb diitB 

~eq8& jjsjnyos'iqw*! ^i .^jiXjbiip ai soiOiio ^IX^iioie^qGOxe 3i»*.' 
lBox:toB*iq erfct gnivBeX .3itow luo 'lo e.hia oil! litsios srii xXXbXo 



75 



this way duplication was avoided, and the different interests 
of the Survey received proper attention. 

One more exhibit of the Geological Survey remains 
to be noticed, and this was the novelty of the occasion. Here- 
tofore the Bureau has made only quiet displays, as distinguish- 
ed from active exhibits. In this case a full sized litho- 
graphic press kindly loaned by R. Hoe and Company, was shown 
in full operation, exactly as in that printing establishment 
of the Survey in Washington. On this press, which was in 
charge of Mr. R. 0. Otterback, the Atlanta sheet of our topo- 
graphic maps was printed, for free distribution to visitors. 
On the back of the maps a description of the aims and work of 
the Survey was placed, in sufficient detail to give the reader 
a fair notion of the purposes which the organization is seeking 
to carry out . 

A display like that of the Survey is necessarily in 
some sense a sort of special museum. A modern museum has 
been aptly defined, by one of the foremost of living experts, 
as "ajcollection of labels illustrated by specimens." From 
this point of view the exhibit was thoroughly labelled, and 
in that way its educational value was assured. It received 
much attention from schools and teachers, and left, I believe, 
in the minds of visitors a much clearer idea of the work which 
is in progress, and a higher appreciation of its value. A 
government exhibit generates an intelligent respect for the 



aia9ie;tnl cfnsie'Jlil) erf-t bn& tbefoiovB saw nci^tBoilqwJb ybw airfj- 

--■]{;? rr bssia IXyl ,v '^^: T v .. JOB moT^ be 

arorici a&w ,YfiBqmoD i)ni:i f>cil ,H ^a bsiiBol X-^baiiii aaeiq oirfqjsig 
:tnsmr{eilds:t3 9 anicfniiq isdi ni as yJE^obxs .notJBtsqo Ilirt ni 

.sfojiaiv o.t noi.ti/di'r:ra.r|> eetl -lol ^bp^tniTq p,B'>f? p.qsm oirfqjBig 

Snijisaa ei noicffisinsa-xo sri^ rioiriw aoaoq-xwq 9n:t Ic noicTon "fis't b 

nl YXxiBsasosn si Y9viij8 erf.t to .?Bri:J 93iiX ^jBlqaiij A 

aBri musQum mebom A . rnr-eBirm iBLoeqa Jo ^fioa b eansa esios 

■'■ ■ ■'■ ■■-ii-J'i-. xO -^ .osnilsD ^.^ijqB need 

isoi'S "-an&ffiioaqs y^j DscrBTJeuiix aiedaX lo noi;Jo«IIO£^B'' as 
i>nB ,i)eIXsdBX YXrisirG*tcd.:t aB\? -tldlrixs sd? wetv lo rtaioq Riri:t 

cCf^eX bns ,&'i9daBei dhb aXoorioa mcil aGlineS:fB doum 
rioiriw 2fiow 9d;? 'io ^ehi ist^aXo doum b B^ol^tBiv J.o Bbrtta sdi nl 

sdw' -iol vJoeqae-i ^JnegiXXs^Tnl hb eadBisneg ;titfjfcrix9 iinsmnisvos 



76 



Government work, and so, educating the people, helps to make 
better citizens . 

F. W. CLARKE, 

Chemist, U. S. Geological Survey. 






, 35TRA J^! .W ,•? 



7: 



^ 



TKE MINING EXHIBIT.. 

In August, 1894, the President of the Cotton States 
and International Exposition Company appealed to the Director 
of the U. S. Geological Survey for such aid as he could lend 
in connectio,n with the Exposition. The reply of the Director 
advocated a general exhibit of the mineral resources of the Ap- 
palachian System and the territory to the southwest, including 
Texas, and he suggested that this exhibit be made so comprehens- 
ive as to include the entire Mining Department of the exposi- 
tion company in its organization, so that the mineral exhib- 
its should make, when taken together, a comprehensive showing 
of the mineral products of the South, their quantity and quali- 
ty, the conditions at present governing their production, with 
as much as possible of their past history, the conditions which 
now limit the usefulness of the economic minerals, and the 
geological conditions, so far as these could be shown, under 
which these minerals are found. It at once became evident 
that should this plan be adopted the very considerable mater- 
ial which could be obtained in the South and which would un- 
doubtedly be exhibited by private individuals, as well as by 
the Government, made the chief difficulty Jie in the direction 
of an efficient arrangement v/hich should make it easy for the 
visitor to see in each group all that the South possessed of 
any given mineral and also to see as clearly as possible the 
geographic distribution of each of these minerals. 



.•f,-,t op-i ffT --),'T:t o;:f i)5l.e.Baa.R rn.KCimoO nol^iaoqx? lBnoi:tBme;tnI bas 
octosTiQ eri:r lo ^t-tqsi ©rfT .noi^ifioqxfE srfcT dS iw aoicToennoo ni 

-aneiieiqmoo- OS sbBm 9d ;tidirixe eiri^t i'sri^ bsc^asSStrR stf ba& eSBxeT 

-iaoqxe erid" lo iaemiiBa^.(^- ^nintM 9^1:^00 erf* 9.bLrInri: oi bb evi 

-dxr[x9 iBisniffi edi i&dz o£ .xioicrBsinBSto 8;ti nx vnjo-r-oo noi:t 

janiwoda ©vianorlsf qraoo b tiBdie-^oi n93iB:r ned-w .e^LBrc i)IiToriE a;^J: 

_.,,,,^. ^ .:-. v:t.r l'-5BJjp liBdi ,rf.tfjoa sriJ- xo si'Oi/boin L:'iiBaim or(:t lo 

riJxw,iioi;?oiii)0'iq liericT aniiii&voij :rn9.asJiq iTb snouxDnoD snct ^x^ 

rioiriw snoicfibnoo 9r[cr ,^i'jo:tairi iBBq liedi lo gldiaaoq aB rloum sb 

-'':^ boB ,alB-i6nim oxraonor.>e ^rft ^0 aaeniulgsu 9fiJ iU^lL won 

•seljfiiJ tHworia ed bluoo !3a9ri.J ajs ^b'I os ,3noi.tibnoo iisoisoxu'jj-i 

:fn9biv9 9fnj509d 9ono cTb :tl .bnisot eiB alBianiin Qaeriti rioirfw 

._-;,o-,.,,.: ^ r :•::•• ^^^r>^rfr)-i Y*^9v Sff^ hsc^'iohB 9d rTsIcT niff:!' blifods r^BriJ 

-ni; i3l.yow doiilv^ bnB jf^fjJoS sd:? iix bsnxxsJac 3u iJi-ifou noia'.v xBi 

(ijd 3B IIsw aB ^alBubivibni B.tBviiq ^d b9*idirfx9 ed ^iIb9:^duoi) 

.vr •^<..^-r tn f,-r-^ ni ell zSLyJOLtJll) 'ifiirfo 9rf:f ©bBin . tnorrr-f :?YOf) f^rf?" 

efil 10'i 'ia^a il^i 9ilBfC bl.uoiia rioirlw -crnsmaamriiii jnei-jx j. :.■.- i'.^:> it 

lo b9a898aoq rid-uoa 9r{.t .tBn.-r lis qiJO-^a rCoBe nl 993 0* loctisiv 

^jrf-; -vr.f Uaoq as -■.r*,P,Alo ^b ?iep^ oi o?.Lb bnB I si erttra n^vi^ vhb 

.alB'senim 9a9fict lo iioB9 to noi.~jaxT;j hxd .Dxa^ij:_,-ii.i>9a 



78 



The simplest plan which could, bring about this double 
arrangement of material was offered by Prof. P. ¥. Clarke, which 
was to arrange the minerals according to a system of rectangu- 
lar co-ordinates, so that on one line would be represented all 
the minerals of a certain kind, while on a line crossing this 
at right angles would be the arrangement by States. This plan 
was adopted with the following modifications presented by Mr. 
W. A. Raborg. The space was arranged in concentric squares, 
devoting the outside or the larger squares to minerals requir- 
ing the greatest space, and the interior portions to the less 
bulky kinds. The space was then divided by lines radiating 
from the center into a number of sections each devoted to a 
given State, so that by following around the building the min- 
erals of any kind could be inspected together, whereas the 
visitor interested in the products of a single State could find 
them in one section. 

The work of notifying all the mining operators and 
owners of mineral properties in the South and enlisting their 
active cooperation was taken up by a complete system of cor- 
respondence, which involved in all some thousands of interest- 
ed persons. In addition to this the work was divided so as 
to give to the charge of one person each important industry, 
and the expert so selected, by personal visitation and con- 
tinued correspondence, carried on the matter of securing the 
interest and cooperation of all concerned. 



elduob aidi iisodB Qni'iti bliroo rioidw .riBlq ^Jaelgmie srlT 

>iffcf gniaaoto Q£itL b ao elirlw ^bni^ ntBiteo b to alsienim srfi 

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.iioiooaa 9110 ai ^litii:?' 
5n.s aiotBiaqo x^ainin; arfj lis Sni^tiion lo 3J.10W eriT 

-'100 lo i&eJBxe t^lt&iqhiou £• ^d qjj udHi^j SjoW I'ioi jiiisqooo eviJ'Oiii 
-^a»i9>-^aj. to abnBBuoK.-t smoa IIb ni bsvlovnx rioirfw «son9i)noq3 9i 

^\^'ic?aufi3fii vtiiBcf 'loqiai doBe aoaiyq sno Ij e^-iiiiio Siio o.t evig oJ 
-noo b/^B noi^^ij-tiaiv lisnoateq ^d ,b9.toel98 os iieqxe erCJ- bns 



79 



The expenses of the work were borne jointly by the 
Government and by the Cotton States and International Exposi- 
tion Company. rr. 

The representatives appointed by Several of the 
southern States also rendered valuable assistance in collecting 
the details of the exhibits of minerals. Thus most of the 
work of collecting for the State of Georgia was turned over to 
Prof. ¥. S. Yeates, State Geologist, and in North Carolina the 
entire work was borne by Prof. J. A. Holmes, State Geologist. 
The exhibit from Pennsylvania was collected and exhibited by 
the State, and service was also rendered by the State officials 
of Arkansas. The exhibits from other States were collected 
by representatives of this office, frequently with considerable 
aid from private corporations. 

The Intensity of Southern Mining. 

In order that the visitor might obtain a fundamental 
idea of the relative importance of the various mineral pro- 
ducts, a statistical column was erected which showed by the 
size of a cube of each mineral the total amount of that miner- 
al mined in each minute in the South. These amounts are 
shown in the following table: 



-i8oqxS l£noi:fBn"i9.t0l biiti aa.tBcfti aoiSoD sri-t -^6 baa JaemitievoQ 

. vnjsqinoO noli 

»rf.t lo Jaoffj atffCT .alBtenifn 1o siidtcixe sdi lo aliijcfsi) 3d;t 

, ,-^5 ii^oIosS scfjBcS-a ,38fr4oH .A .1 . lot^ -^d 9fitod aBW :3itow 9'ii:tne 

•:f(x9 Lns beioeilO'.>. •'■'" tiiai5vI^<;;3nneS! rao-'' > =: ' - •'-^'■^. -^fN"^ 

alBioiilo e.+sJS 9f{:t ^^d beisbne^i obXb 3bw eoiviea ddb «9v;isd8 ^Jri.t 

bad-oeXIoo st9w ascfBctS tsrf.tto aioit 8.tidirix9 eriT . aflaisB^t'iA ^o 

^ ■:■■•'.'- oienor -■'^yt ^il:tnsupr}il .eoil'jo ar.-^- "-■-' - ^'^ i ' ^^ ^' -■•--tqe'i ^{d 

. aaoi-tii'ioqiOD ^iiiVl'iu moil i)ii3 

.^aiaiM m9rl:fjJoS to Yjiansial eriT 

9fl;J Xa bowoxfa rioirfw bsJosie ajsw nniJJioo L&ol^Qiinia b ,c,ijiii> 
-laniis iBfii Jo inaoms, iB + o-t pHj Ifi-featrn rfoBe lo erfwo s to esia 

:eIdBi [Qiiiwoilol bdi^ iii nworia 



statistical Colmnn. 



80 





Thickne 


58 of 




Weig] 


bt. 














cub( 


5 . 


















Coal 


11 


ft. 


2 


in. 


50 


tons . 


1500 


lbs. 








Iron 


4 


ft. 






7 


tons . 


470 


w 








Petroleum 


3 


ft. 


5 


in. 305 


gals. 












Limestone 


2 


ft. 


11 


in. 


2 


tons . 


118 


lbs. 








Phosphate Rock 


2 


ft. 


7 


in. 


1 


« 


665 


It 








Granite 


2 


ft. 


6 


in. 


1 


n 


616 


H 








Cement (hydraulic) 


1 


ft. 


11 


in. 


4 


bbls. 


173 


n 








Sandstone 


1 


ft. 


6 


in. 






639 


»i 








Salt 


1 


ft. 


5 


in. 






416 


n 








Marble 


1 


ft. 


2 


in. 






281 


n 








Pyrites 






11 


in. 






258 


ft 








Slate 






10 


in. 






90 


n 








Mineral Waters 






8 


in. 


3 


gals. 


1 


pt. 








Gypsum 






7 


in. 






34 


lbs. 








Soapstone 






7 


in. 






42 


n 








Bauxite 






7 


in. 






39 


n 








Barytes 






7 


in. 






53 


If 








Mineral Paint 






6 


in. 






39-^ 


•/2 








Manganese 






2 


in. 






58 


n 








Corundum 






2 


in. 






•1 


lb. 2 


oz 






Monazite 






11/2 in. 








1 


.04 


oz . 




Copper 






1 


in. 










14 


oz. 




Mica 






7 


" 7/10 










63 


oz. 




Silver 








5/10 










65 


oz. 


/^^) 


Gold 








3/10 










03 


oz. 



nar.iji o'j iBoU^LS&iB 






arf r 0031 . ano^ oe . nl r 



ano* V : t 



.soO 

noil 



arfJC 811 .snot S . ai il . cfi g 9no:Ja8mJ:J 



r^r ©nocTabnBB 



o 



•;:J^ . :7i S .c^'i I 9 Id -IBM 

. y ^ ^ -'^-^ -'j-c 9.tBX3 

-^q 1 ,r-2lBs 5 ._-?.!: 3 p.-i9tBW I.s-teruM 



n 



ti 



S:S- 



Zii^yTf^ 



-_ ^^-i- ' 9noct8qBo8 



r 



«^ ti ^^L L leqqoO 

^XoO 



■iO SO Ol\g 



81 



The Economic Products of the South. 

There can be no greater cause for congratulation than 
that the fundamental mineral product of the South is the coal 
upon which industrial advance depends. Considerable effort 

, ^^ 

■ A 

was, therefore, devoted to making the exhibit of coal a clear 
illustration of what the South can furnish. This was done by- 
transporting to the building, sections of the principal veins 
of coal showing the actual thickness of the vein, the quality, 
the location of slate partings, etc. Most conspicuous among 
the coal exhibits was a section 11^/2 feet high of the big 
vein of the Elk Garden coal field in ¥est Virginia, which, 
though lacking two feet of being the total thickness of the 
vein, gave the best illustration that has yet been made of 
this wonderful deposit. The Davis Coal and Coke Company also 
showed excellent examples of the smithing coals which have 
proved especially valuable, and of their coke from Thomas, 
West Virginia. 

The exhibits of coal and coke from Kentucky, Ten- 
nessee, and Alabama, were also particularly complete and in- 
structive. The coals of Pennsylvania were also shown, and 
even Arkansas > Georgia and North Carolina gave instructive ex- 
hibits of their coal resources by means of sections of veins. 

It seems to me that no more efficient method of show- 
ing the coal resources has been devised than this, and it is 



.ri;tuo8 erft lo a^oifbof^ oimonooS srfT 

iisn^ noitBlx/^-fiianoo lol eauBO "isiBBi^ on scf nso eisxlT 
iBoo sHs? a.u iictjJ08 9ri.t lo lotrljoiq iBisnira iB.tnsnusJbiurl srii iBdi 
Atolls sldiiTSJ^inrioO .abrfGcrfsfj F5n;t,nvos iBiiitauh^ ": •-f■^i■< 

^cT snob asw sairiT .ri^infi/t neo ri^uoS Qdi +6rfw to noicfjsi^f sulli 

rY^il-S^'P snj ci'i-£9V 311-' lo 829nioiriJ j-iiLJu^t, B.iS gniworls liioo lo 

jnofflB ajjowoxqenoo izoM . ocTe ^asniicftiiq s^tBla lo noiJBOoI 9r(;t 

Sid 9rf>t lo 'f-riJiK :t9Pi1- pX-trr --rr. i;:^ yiea z aijw a.j-.ti ;■ 

(Xloirlw t^iiiz^'i^)! d^afeW ax x;ls.Ll xboo ns&^BO sTIS eiisT lo nisv 

edi lo 'iBSfiMoiri^ Ijii:tocf 9r[,t srtxsd lo cfsel ow^ 9iii:^0Bl ii^nodi 

lo sbsm nspd :^f7V ssrf +r.cfu td i.-^ri-r.-tRuCIi ;ta9d' ^r^rt .-•-■ 

oai.a ^iiBqinoO exoO Dub IboU aivBU e.;n .;ti3oq9ib ii/lisaiiGW i^idS 

svBd rioifiw alBOo §ni:ri>tia!3 esii lo aelqfriBxs ^nslldoxs £)8W0ff3 

rSBniOffT raoil e:>:cr> ^flf)^ft lo bn^ ■"iflRa I^v '^IlBiosqa:^ -:)-v,rr-T-fq 

-nsT <Y2iow;tneX raoil 93loo bns Xboo lo B;tid'ir(x9 erfT 

~ni DHB Rifll-frjof vf^f.i--^ ''irr:. t.ttsq oaiB 9'T9W -BfiiBcfBlA l)ni?. .-^'^Raen 

isHB ,ri-A'OAs oalB eiaw BiriBvI^anne^ lo sIboo srfT . 9 v. i: ••'01:1;? a 

-X© evict oift.tani svbs BnilotBO rid-ioM biiB BigtosO , zBans^tA novs 

.anisv lo arroj-.^Dsa lo p.nBein \jd ssoTWoasi Iboo -^i^^'ft lo aJidiri 

-wofia lo boiioam jnsioills STom on isdi 9m oi acisos jI 

ai ii baa fPAdi nBri^ bseivei) n99d SBfl esoi-woaei Iboo Qd:i -grii 



82 



worth while to record that the considerable expense was cheer- 
fully borne by the producers of coal in mining, packing, and 
transporting these heavy exhibits to the place of exposition. 
The exhibits of iron ore from Tennessee, and parti- 
cularly from Alabama, were shown by mutual consent principally 
in the Alabama State building, where by means of greater floor 

space and the appropriation for State exhibits, greater atten- 

f '■ ••• 

tion could be paid them. 

The exhibits of stone included magnificent specimens 
of granite, one a slab from Mount Airy, North Carolina, 28 feet 
long by 10 feet by 1 foot, which though unusually difficult to 
transport on account of its thinness, was successfully exhib- 
ited through the aid of the Mount Airy Granite Company. The 
most remarkable stone exhibit was the shaft brought from the 
quarries of Messrs. Venable Bros., at Stone Mountain, Georgia, 
which by its size, 34 feet by an average of 3I/2 feet square 
in section, showed not only the ability of these quarries to 
furnish large pieces of stone, but the ability of the company 
to transport them to the exposition grounds. It was evident 
from an inspection of the quarries that pieces several times 
as large could easily be (and have been) quarried if the facil- 
ity existed for handling after they were broken out-. The 
stone resources of other States, and particularly the marbles 
of Tennessee, were shown by columns, usually with rough bases, 
polished cylindrical portions and carved caps by which the 
adaptability of the stone to the various structural purposes 



-iioicriaoqxs 1g sojsXq siisj o:t a.-tidiffxe YVBsrf aaerii aniJioqaniJ-icJ 
-i:?ifiq fcn^ tSSsasnneT ractl 9-yo noii to QSiaidxs eriT 

tesi 8S fSniloiBO rii'ioW (\:iiA c^nuoM mo-fl dBle b eno ^e-tlnBig lo 

t -tlaoillxl) YliiiW?^ '■'■**''■ i-^-^'fTHfr-t k,., „ ,^,, ., , ;; ./,r v,r-- r 

-dirtxa Ylliila as ooLfci - oa&imiiid- aj-i lo inuoooB no .i^Toqariii'icJ' 

9riT .-^nBqmoO oJiasiO ^liA taaoU edi Jo bl& edi d:^isoid3 hBil 

Bdi mO'il j■^f^irro"TfT .-^iBrfa -^^dJ SBW tMf'^X'^' A-tr-. + a 9XdB:}f'f 'v ""f 

jsiigfOSB f iii^iuiiiJOM axicjo oB ;.ao*iS ^IciBfieV . aisaeM lo aeii'iBup 

siBJjpa :^99l g\-ts lo s^BievB hb y^^ -teal M ,ssi3 aii ^d rfoiriw 

vn^qKiOo dii:^ lo x^iii^'^ ©-1>t •:tjjd texioJa lo asosiq es'ij&i riaxriiul 
rcioblvB Bsw il .abiiisoi-g noi^tiaoqxs edrf ocT rasrivf .tioqanBi* oi 

-li OBl srf;J ii ijsi'x'iBiJp {hbbg evBri .biiB; wa 'iliaBS hLuoo s^'mL as 

9/fT .-Juo ns2loid 9t9w vsrfi led-lB anxlbnarf lol h9d"3ix8 y^i 

3 9ldiJt;ra Qdi YX'TBluoi:?iiJ „ ......... :'-:^.+ fi.ir. „. .., ,. j 3 

'■-GBBd rfauoi xlcfiw -iiXlBLfau tSniMiXoo (t*^'^ nwoiia rjisw < ssaaaiiasT lo 

eriw rioidw yd aqBo beviBo briB anoi^ioq XBoiii)aiX;io berfaiXoq 

aeaoq'iuq XB-iititojLfr.. .>.o^ .i-v : .._,. ^.^ ,,. iLidsiqabB 



83 



could be seen at a glance. 

By far the most instructive display was that of the 
products of clay from the Southern States, extending from 
small exhibits of common brick to high grade art work in terra 
cotta, the product of the immediate neighborhood of Atlanta. 
The high quality of fire brick from Killains, South Carolina, 
from St. Louis, Missouri, and from the neighborhood of Atlanta, 
was such as to create a profound impression among all the ex- 
perts in this line who visited the Exposition, while the ex- 
amples of staff work and terra cotta showed how the clay re- 
sources of the immediate neighborhood of Atlanta have attract- 
ed sculptors and developed the terra cotta industry to a high 
degree as compared with any other region of the United States, 
and from this there has developed the manufacture of plaster 
staff which the exhibits showed to be fully as good as any 
other staff products in the United States. 

The petroleum resources of the Southern States were 
sh'oW'rf ^fty the products from Kentucky, Tennessee, Louisiana, and 
especially from the wells lately developed in Texas. 

A collection of the gem resources of the Southern 
States occupied a position at the intersection of the two main 
aisles in the center of the building. Without referring to 
more than the magnificent specimens of emerald, beryl, rough 
and polished quartz, amethysts, and the collection of pearls, 
the completeness of the exhibit and the excellence of its cha- 
racter was substantially proved by its immediate purchase 



edi lo iBfii ajsw vBlqsr.5 evivtocfr-ty^ni 1 3 era erf;t 'fjs^ v8. 
.BcToBllA lo booffiodrf§x9n s:?BibF>rrm£ erif Jo :to.fTf)OTfi jjrfi .bc^.-^do 

-X9 9rf;t lis snoras noia39-rqraJ: bnuo'ioTq b e.ts9-^ . -b rfo.cr?^ asw 

:^Lo 9:i* wori Dsswoas iiJo'oo aiiej^ bnjs iitow l^BcTa lo aelqciB 
OGi:f)B evBri B.tni5l:tA to booriiodn'^iBrf ♦»?i^.f: b?ir?rni 'jrii to senuoa 

fsejjsjc; i)eji.iu &ri.t lo iiol^3^ 'isiiio v,aB dilw &9ij3qaioo as seigab 
*i9:faBlq lo QtuctoBlirnsra sciS bfiqolevpb ajwrf eierf? airfj' rv^J bus 
Yns aB boo ;, :_ ^__,. : ,,..,, 

.39oB:ja bectinU oii^t iii acfouboiq Its^a neriio 
-I9W asJBiS n'feri:tuo8 9.rfi lo asoTi/oaei muoLo-iiQq er^T 
bnB .jSHBiaiuoJ ^Bsaasfr^oT u■',;5^;:•^:..■ - .„^..'.> ..*,,.,,...,.., . , „„,,__ 

i,U JLlVl'Oilci 

• aBxaT ni bsqolevei. xleiai aXisw aricf raoTl x^Ls&ioQqQe 
niQdiuo8 9rf;t lo aeoiwoaai mB% ®rf,t lo noi^oe r ror A 

aism orcT p»r(/ j.oi:toe?-^ ^< - . ,..w„s -.c.-....^ 

oi aaiii9-i9i crwoxlc^iW .anii,IiiJo sx . -tssneo 9rf:r ni aalatB 

r[3i;o*r dYTecf ,blB*r9ra9 lo anftroioeqe ;*n«oil.tir?',.e<r. edi rfsii^? siom 

jalTBScr lo 'fnr.tf)-.r : v -,.: ., ...,.,,. ^,,, ,,,., 

-sno aji 10 eonslleoxt- .jtiB ^xdoirixe srij lo ?;.a9ne.t9lqmoo anj- 

9aBrioii;q gcfBibgcmii aS i xd bsvoiq ^IlBid-nBcTacfya ebw igi-oBT 



84 



for presentation to the U. S. National Museum. This exhibit 
was collected by Mr. George P. Kunz, of Tiffany and Company, to 
whom also credit is due for special exhibits showing the miner- 
alogical associations of the diamond, opal, garnet, and of am- 
feer, the various forms of quartz, and a large collection of 
crude platinum sands. 

In order that a visitor might become acquainted with 
the various aspects under which the prominent mineral products 
of the world may be found, a representative collection was made 
as a special departmental exhibit, and assigned to a prominent 
place near the center of the building. Prominent among the 
specimens shown were the minerals of copper ranging from the 
various forms of metallic copper of the Lake Superior region, 
to the copper and nickel pyrrhotite of Canada, and the carbo- 
nate ores of Arizona. The zinc ores of Franklin, New Jersey, 
and the case furnished by Messrs. George L. English and Co., 
showing the various forms of "rare earth" minerals which have 
industrial possibilities were included in this exhibit, and 
associated with it was also a large collection of the silici- 
fied wood in its various natural and polished forms from Chal- 
cedony Park, Arizona, exhibited by the Drake Company, of St. 
Paul, Minnesota. 

It is well to call attention also to the completeness 

with which the State Geologist of North Carolina showed the 

conditions under which various minerals occur in that State. 

Simply as a prominent example should be mentioned the condi- 
tions 



--rsriim e^rf r^n-rwoKa a^ididxe Lst'^eqs lol cub ai :tit)9'xo oal.c .rroKiff 

'lo aoiv*osIioo sgiai b im& ,scfiBiip lo aiciol auoiijev edi .tod 

■^■* ■:- :-f^i/ii£.,.^^^x:. ^*iu., claim ic ' ;■ " c -leD-io :-:.i. 

ajoii«oiq Ij3*t9iiiiti iaealsiotq 8ri:t rioirfw Ts^nu a^toaqas auoiifiv 9ril 
ebam aBW noio oeXIo:".- «v- 1 j'.a.+ rie^.eTqeT b ,. bnuo'?: prf '-iBm blTow erij' lo 

-od^j^o edcr bnu ^sjajsnaO to scTi^JorfTiTcq Isjioxn baB leqqoo erfi o;t 
,^^93181 we'-^ . n i I:<r![B*:f'? lo Rsto oiis »<^.'? .Brro.'siiA "lo se-iG e.^Bn 

VBii rfoi/iw slBieaim "flcT-iB® qibi" lo annol auoiasv eriJ an.tworia 

bii& tjXdirlxs a.tn _ jeb'/Ion'i e-isw noi:t l:Iidi23o-r I^in-^sij-hni 

-iotlia Sri:? Jo noi^^oeiloo o^u.x. s oa.Lj.^ aisw Ji ruxw i)3Jiiiooaa*» 

-iBriO fflO'il araiol l)9riaiIoq l)aii Xbisj^bh awoiisv a;ti ni £>oow fisil 

.:t8 lo ^xnBqmoO 9i'-6Ta en:;t v^d bsiidtdxe .BaosL'^A .^iiE? -rrobs^ 

2a9a-3:J9lqmoo exict o^ oaljs noi::fn9;t:rB IIso od" IXsw ai ^i 

eti^ i>9Wori8 BfitSoiBO s^^JtvJi lo ^atT^o/.c^O s:?scr8 erij" rfoirfw rfctiw 
.9:tB:rS iB!:'-''- ;.x aijoiiijv noi:ivv -ieisnii saoii ibnoc 

-ibnoo 9xi;t boaoiiiidm 3d bit/oria oXqmBs:© iii&nimo'iq 3 aB Y-i-lsciS 

wjioi* 



85 



tions of the occurrence of monazite sand, which was particu- 
larly well illustrated by a section from the surface through 
the overburden of clay and sand to the monazite bed. This 
industry was also shown by all the steps in its development 
from the sand to the finished Welsbach incandescent lamps which 
were used in illumination of the building. 

Undeveloped Resources. 

In order to show the conditions of occurrence of 
useful minerals and striking examples of enterprise shown in 
their development, the windows of the building were used for 
a series of large transparent photographs illustrating the 
mines of iron ore and their blast furnaces, the prominent 
quarries of marble and granite, the phosphate mines, and a 
series of photographs loaned by the Standard Oil Company, in- 
cluding one 84 inches by 59 inches, showing the occurrence, on 
a relief map, of petroleum in the United States. 

The general plan of the exhibit being to illustrate 
the economic resources of the Appalachian system, we framed 
against the ceiling six large geological sections, the first 
one cutting across the Appalachian mountains at the northern 
edge of Maryland; the next two across North Carolina; the 
fourth at the lower end of the series near Chattanooga; the 
fifth was a section through Birmingham, Alabama; and the sixth 
showed a complete and separate section devoted to Texas. These 
sections were painted on oil cloth and made to show not only 



iiaiioirii QOBlivia 3riJ moil nol^osa & x6 bsS&tisusili llsw ^IibX 

siriT ,.;)^,' 'j-tsBnoffi erij" o:^ fonjse bn.B ybIo "^o '•^f'Tif^Trdi'^vo edf 

ctnsmqolsvgr. ■ . :i;i sqejts ^.^'-' .'u .?^voa- v,c;.i.;i ujiiiv v-sjoUDni 

xfoirfw aqrcisX #119^8 bbiiis on i rfoBcfaleW Deris inil 9d:t oJ bn^a erfd" moi't 

■ SnibXliJcf erf;? to noi^BfiiiruuIIi ni fjGBu 9T6w 

-Reotfjog^H beqoIsvebnU 

ni iiworf& toai'iqisjne lo aalqiBBX© gni^ixiJB bn« alBisnim luleajj 
lol beau Slew gni blind edt to awobniw ed'^ « :tnsEnqol9vefc Tisrf* 

JTifefiimo'iq 8rij .asoBmul claBld nieri;t bru: ao'ii lo aanira 

JB bn& ,59niin 9^Brfq??orrq erft .9"ftr!ST^, ^nf? f^I'^''?Bj^ lo ;5'"lrf'>rBrp 

no ,et>neTTJJooo edJ grxiwoiia ^asrioni €d \^d serioni 1-8 eno :gnibi;-Io 

se + B-tR b^-tinU e>d:i at frveloTcfeq lo ,qBffi Isilei js 

bofiito'ij; sw trii8:ta\;a naliioBiaqqA sdi lo esoiiroBS'x oimonoos 9ric^ 

^STil erfj- jSnoxitr-efs J.Bot-^oLoev, e^^iBl xia snilise) 9.ff:t ianlB-^.B 

niedSton ^^'■' .:.I.j:>.. u.>o;.ii; iis-y ;.,.;..-.o '^.■lU^i edi e&O'iors ^xi^iiao srso 

9ri:f JB111I01BO rictioH asoioB owi ixea edi ;bnBlxtBU lo 9sb9 

QriJ ;sgoonB:fcti5rfn TBsn afiiies 9f>:t lo bee •^ewol ?:!:?• jj?. rf^tijjol 

...,.0 srfj' bnB ;Brii-;.v. .u^.r,. . Mija]i^i;j.,:.i . i.x .^^^j^j-<^\.: -'''■l.tl 

sasfiT .SBxeT ocf be:fov9b noiiJoea 9^B'^Bq98 bxiB 9;J8iqmoo b boworia 

^^Xno d-on woria oi sbsra bns rf;toIo lie no b9:fniBq ei9W enoi^^osa 



86 



the conditions of the general geology, but the location of the 
principal bodies of ore, granite, marble, coal, etc. In addi- 
tion to these exhibits in the Mining and Forestry Building 
proper, the various exhibits in state and railroad buildings 
were aided as far as possible, particularly in the exhibits of 
phosphate rock of Florida and elsewhere. 

Outlook. 

As regards the ultimate results to which it is hoped 
this exhibit will reach, we must point to the progress which 
has already developed in increasing the foreign and especially 
the South American trade with southern coals, to the increased 
knowledge and confidence which has been given to northern capi- 
talists as regards the fuel supply which can be availed of in 
establishing industries of all kinds in the South, and which 
will be nowhere of greater advantage than in stimulating the 
movement toward the manufacture of cotton where it is produced. 
The use of processes for the saving of by-products from the 
southern coals was well illustrated and promises results of 
next importance to those which have been mentioned above. It 
seems to the writer, however, that perhaps the greatest value 
was the endeavor to make the general people of the South famil- 
iar with the conditions of occurrence and the appearance of 
their useful minerals with a view not only to stimulating pros- 
pecting, but to giving it far more careful direction. 

Besides these objects which were striven for, it has 



stsriwsale bnB Bl>iioi'5 lo jiooT 9;tiJriqaoriq 

.. :i G Q 1 

YllBioeqEft f)nB ngiertcl eri* §ai:aBoioni r^i beqoleveb xb&eiiB aBri 
iissBOToni ^'-'^j' 0? ,3lBOo iTjef^ + ffOR f{?i:w eJbB*i:.t nBoif^tnA. K-tifoP- Sff.t 

ni to belL&^r£ e6 n&q xfoidw Y-t<I^^8 iQisJ etii aiitBsei sb BoSilBit 

rfoiriw b.-iB ,r{;tuo8 erf.:? ni Bbaiyi- LLb 'io .=^'=>i-.-f;f subni ;Br? trfsr Idfi-lRS 

, beoufeoiq ai ii eierfw no;t;Joo lo siir^oBtunsfD silJ DiBWo;f Jnoraevoin 

Sffi fflO*il: Biouboiq-':6 Jo vnlysB erft "fol seef^eoo-rq lo eau 9-KT 

la Syluasi aeyiiiiui'^ jj.u^ i:&^Bi:tc;.ij.i j.x .. .,.b^.. c.a ■::^>> - "Br^c^viuc 

il , 9V0cfB benoiinem asecf evari rioxfiw ©aori^ oi aonBcTioqral clxsn 

to BOHBiBeqqB 8riv i)xi6 9on&TXjjooo to 8noi;tii)noo srii ciilfi i&i 
-£Oiq r*ni?BlnrfTx.:»g o:t Y^no Jon wpiv b ri;tiw f^I.^'je^rirrf I.rjtesu •yieric^ 

EBri iJi ^-tct n9vli;ta etsw r(oiriw a;to9tcfo sasff:^ asbiasa 



87 



become manifest that commercial activity in increasing the 
scales of southern mineral products has already become signifi- 
cant. 

Ackn owle dgme nt s ♦ 
It is with great satisfaction that I record the cord- 
ial cooperation offered to the Government in this work by the 
various State officials, particularly Prof .J.A.Holmes, State 
Geologist of North Carolina, and Mr, H.B.C.Nitze, to whose inde* 
fatigable industry the wonderful results frc»n North Carolina 
are due; Prof .W.S.Yeates, of Georgia; Mr. W.G.Vincenheller, 
State Commissioner of Arkansas; and the Commissioners of the 
State of Pennsylvania. Particular acknowledgments are also 
due to Mr, E.W.Parker, who had entire charge of the collection 
of the exhibits of coal; to Dr .William C.Day, who acted in a 
similar capacity for the exhibits of stone; to Mr. Jefferson 
Middleton, who had entire charge of the organization of the 
exhibits of clay products; to Mr, John Birkinbine for assist- 
ance in collecting the iron ore exhibits, and to Mr. George F, 
Kunz for the exhibits of precious stones and others referred to 
above; while especial thanks are due to a number of exhibitors 
for the cooperative spirit shown in making their displays con- 
form to the general idea of showing the southern mineral re- 
sources. Among them conspicuously were Mr. George P.Erhard and 
Mr ,W. P.D.Crane of the H.W.Johns Manufacturing Company, Mr. Geo. 
S. Barrows and other representatives of the Welsbach Light Com- 
pany, Mr, E.E.Howell, who prepared the geological sections, Dr, 
C.W.Hayes, Mr .Arthur Keith, Professor Eugene A.Smith and Mr, 



-llinaia smooed xbae'tln B.&d s^foirbctq iB'r&aim niBrlcTuoe lo seliia 

• <tnso 

♦ a J '1 amab a Iwo n^io A 
-btoo e.fi:f biooe-x I c^arf^f nolJoalzli&Q isQt^ diiw al ^I 

QiBSE ,a£iiiIoH,A,T,.loi'i v.u-^BiiiOXctisq ,alBioil^o sisiB auoiiBV 
«9l)ni oaorfw o^t eSS^tiM.O.a.H *tM baa ,sniIoiBO d;ttoM lo iQi^oLoQD 

<fs.ri9rfn8on.£V,€.W .-fM ;jaiatoai.' io ,a6iiiyY.B.W, lo-i^ ; auL gib 

sdc? lo sisnoiaaimmoO 9iU Iin.6 jajsanaaitA lo 'isnoxasimraoO eiB^8 

oslB 9'TB 3:tn8ra2i>9lwon5iOB TBlLrol:fiB<T ^AiriBvlv/anrxQ^ Ic :->.tB;t8 

noi^o^..i.oo 9ri:t to 3^1^^ do o-ii^r^& i)Bii oriw tiejiiBH.W.a.iK 0^ suJb 

B ni l^d.^oB Ofi?/ tY"'5«i.O mBilljrw.tCI o^t ;Iboo lo acfididxa 3d;t lo 

noa-^.ellel^'iW. oS jonc-f-a lo a.'^idJt.'ixs srfJ -rol v:t]:oBqBO 'jF.rimia 

©r{^ '^■.' noi^^i^lnan'iij -.a? lo ayiBfio 9'ij:;?ne t>Brl o.iw ,no J-£»iDjLiiM 

-•itsiaaB 10I 9nJ:dni3£iia nrioT^.iM o:^ jactouboTq v,b1o lo ac^ididxe 

• •5 sa'^os^.'^M o;t fcnB ^a;Jidi.riXB 9to noil. @di ^ialSoallLoo ni: oohb 

o:t i)9':ji9lsji a-tsxijo I)r!B a^jnuja anoiosTq lo acfididxs sdcf 'lol snuli 

aio:Jididx9 lo "iQdmua b oS oub bib a2injad;t Isiosqp.Q aXiriw javodB 

^•iioo FiXJ^lqstb tisdS y^r.i.lLBl^i ni rr>7oria ctxiJiqs arii 3-^-3^000 srfd- -fol 

«ST Istgnlm n-^h-^Kriroa ail;^ ^niworfa lo bu.ui .iBienoa od;J oi mfol 

foriB fc-sariia.*! estosO ,'tu e^evf y.Isj/ouo iqanoo medit j^nomA •aooti/oa 

.0 6© ,tM e-<in.cqrr!O0 gni-iucf DBlimBM andoL.w.H 9d:t lo sriBTO.a.t'.W.iM 

-moO ;?rfsij n.:j...>o;jj.9W sdJ- lo esvi j'sd'nsa9iq9-if t3n';to Jdhb ^J?of^Ba.8 

.'xG eano.tu*09a iBoigoXoaa erU baiBqe'tq odw tIl9WoH.H»a.'sM ,^nBq 

,-tM fcfiB d:;tira8*A 9fl8§ua lo^aalof^ ^d^i^y{ 'iudiik,tU ,soybH.W.O 



88 



Robert T«Hill, for the manuscript of these geological sections, 
and to Mr. E«P, Batten, manager for the Drake Company, 

DAVID T. DAY, 

Geologist. 



-• — O*" — 



,anoi:^oo8 I^olaoI^^S Qaari;? lo J-qiioairnara erf:? ^o^t ^IliH.T .t^adoH 

,YAa .T CI I YAa 
. :?8isol09D 



• -o- 



89 



COST OF INTERIOR DEPARTMENT EXHIBIT. 

The expenses of the whole Department exhibit, rough- 
ly classified, were as follows: 

The Department in General. 

Travel and subsistence I 668.30 

Labor and service 354.25 

Installation expenses 546.36 

Storage of packing boxes 174.38 

Freight and terminal charges 125.53 

Miscellaneous expenses 244.28 



Total $2113.10 

The General Land Office. 
One map, framed and packed 1 307.40 

The Patent Office. 

Travel and subsistence |lll7.02 

Labor and services 599.50 

Freight and hauling 846.84 

Show cases ■ 1834.00 

Miscellaneous expenses ng"*"' 640.35 



Total $5037.71 



The Bureau of Indian Affairs. 

Travel and subsistence 1 443.79 

Labor and services 31.50 

Show cases 610.00 

Freight and hauling 140.97 

Miscellaneous expenses 238.59 



Total $1464.85 



.TiaiHX^ TiT^THA^^a HOIH^TMI fO T300 

3uot toidiiixs iassLiiiiq&Q. oloxiw erlJ- lo aeansqxs snT 

.awollol 3£ 91SW .beiliaEBlo x^ 

. iBienex) amct'ifiqsd eriT 

es.i eolviea bne locfisil 

d£.^ . . 

se.asi - r.sgrtBrfo Isnlorrscf 6njB Jrigi 

SS.^i^S - aeansqxe euosnBlXeDEii.. 

CI.SIISl i^JoT 

. eoillO dneiBi erlT 
SO. Villi scii^ ^ ...v. 

oa.eee its ic 

^8.S^8 — SnllJjfifl JbnB ^trisiet'i 

as.Oi^a ssensqxe 8u>- 



IT.Yo:^?^ Ib:JoT 



aiiBllA nBil>nI lo ubs'hjS axlT 

Oa.Ifi — asoivisE £>nfi -icrJ^J 

00.0X3 -- a3e£c '' 

Y6.0i>X -- - --sniXuBri bus ;? ,. 

ea.SSS -- -asEnsqxe SiJoeiisIIeoeiM 



aS.i^a^Xl L&ioT 



90 



The Bureau of Education. 

Travel and subsistence 1 636.91 

Labor and services 107.00 

Freight and hauling 140.92 

Show cases and furniture 500.12 

Miscellaneous expenses 676.77 



Total 12061.72 



U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 

Main Exhibit. 

Travel and subsistence $ 584.10 

Labor and services 450.64 

Freight and hauling 733.28 

Show cases 209.55 

Photographic transparencies 459.77 

New exhibits, models, etc, 1172.50 

Map and press exhibit 976.49 

Miscellaneous expenses 463.11 



Total |5049.44 



The Mining Exhibit. 

Travel and subsistence 11028.67 

Labor and services 738.55 

Freight and hauling 606.97 

Show cases 9-69.50 

Geological models and sections 750.00 

Photographic transparencies • — •- 1040.00 

Miscellaneous expenses 908.65 



Total 15942.34 



noxJi'DUDi 10 sj£5&inE eriT 



I6.3£o t~ -aonsiaiadus bn& Ler&nT 
OO.VOi aeoiv'ioE bci3 io6hd 



VV , d Y d 



•'iCSl iB^tOT 



.Y3VHU3 JA0HDOJ.C5I0 . . ,J 

. cMdirfxS' .-■..: bM 

OLI'SS |-- eoiiecfaiacfjJB bnB i.9VBiT 

^d,Oej --aer- , bn& ' ■'. 

fifi.eos --aesBo woriS 

Y'T.G5^ u&,.. ore'. -j ot" 

0d.2ViI .r::to . , M ,tt 

^^-'^'^^ " :dirfX3 aas-iq tnB qsM 

il -^ ' c-sensqxs aiJOsnBlXfe'jsiM 



; . >.. c > . n .;■: 



IbJoT 



criCFiffxSf sniff iM sri: 



V3.8S0II eons- - i^r 

cid.8£? »-...-, :si 

T6.d03 SnilLTBri hn& Jrisist'5 

Oa.ed-€ -- -- eeajso woriB 

OO.OaV sno.Lit.o©8 Jbne Rlsfoorn Isoiao-tosO 

00,0^01 aeioneiisqansfl oirfqjsstgocrori*! 

"''• ^■'''^' ■-- • - asansqxe airosnBlIsogiM 



c ?.. C = "^i 



iBCfOT 



91 



Total Summation. 

Departmental expenses 1 2113.10 

Patent Office 5037.71 

Geological Survey 5049.44 

Bureau of Education 2061.72 

Bureau of Indian Affairs 1464.85 

Mining Exhibit 5942.34 

General Land Office 307.40 



Total |21976.56 

F. ¥. CLARKE, 
Representative, Department of the Interior. 



XY.?eo6 ----■. 

i'i^-ei'C V.3V1U8 iBoigoIoe© 

ST.IdOt, - ■- - J tiBc^ub^ to in. 

QB.^a^L • afir.?*.r naibnl lo .u.^ 

^S-S'^g: — -^idirixa gninlM 

C^-'^O^ •-- • -G I)nBj Xylene?) 






92 



REPORT OP THE REPRESENTATIVE 

a. m^ 

of the 

Post Office Department. 



m^ 



The exhibit of the Post Office Department was made, 
not as a mere show, but in strict conformity with the intention 
of the law, as a display of articles illustrative of the "func- 
tion and administrative faculty of the Government" so far as 
relates to the postal service in times past and present. 

The floor space in the building where the display was 
made, allotted to the Representative of the Post Office Depart- 
ment, was quite small, being less than four percent of the en» 
tire amount, or 2,156 square feet out of a total of 58,000, His 
allotment of money was relatively still smaller, being only 
$4,000 out of a total appropriation of |150,000, or two and two* 
thirds percent. 

The postal exhibit was, therefore, small. It took up 
the entire amount of floor space allotted to it, including all 
the contiguous wall space, but necessarily a great many things 
were omitted which would have made the exhibit more interest- 
ing. On account of this lack of space the Representative of 

C: 

the Post Office Department found it impossible, without useless 
extravagance, to use up even the small amount of money avail- 






,9i)Bm ZBW vtnamcriBgea 9oill0 :tao<I eri:t lo cTldlrixs erfT 
noi.ta9crni erij riJiw x^iai-iolciOD c^0Jt^;t8 ni :twd ,wori8 eism 3 as :ton 

3B T[i',l; oa «w*nsram9voo sri-t lo Y^Ic/oal 8vi:tBt;tainimi)J5 fona noij 
.Jneaetq bnB cfasq semli ni soivise IsJaoq erfit oi aeislei 

•-ctisqsa aoxllO ^rao*! sdi to Bvl^B^neaeiqeK QdS oi beiioLla ^ebsm 

«n9 adi lo ineot&q imt asdi aaal sniscf , llama ©.tiup aaw ,cfn9m 

aiH ,000,86 I0 isios b Jo .tuo ies't 9tBupa d5I<S -so jj-nwoiiiQ e-ili 

-owi briB owi 10 ,000,031$ lo ^oJ:^B]:1qo^qqJB Xs^foJ b ^o i:!0 000, J^f 

g.u Jloo-t :tl .IlBcia ,9'iol9-i9fI:f ,aBW ctidirixa Ib;^ aoq diiT 

ilB salbislonl ,ii oiT i)e;t;JoIlB soBqa ^ooIl lo ctnixoroB eTJ:;rn0 9r{;t 

a^aldS x^-^^ :r39-ia b Yl^^J^aaessn ;tud ,80Bqa IIbw atjoiial Jnoo ericf 

-.l39i9:tfTi 9*iora ^fidiiiixs 9ri:t ebBra evBif Muow doiriw bgJcfimo eisw 

'io 97i:fB;tns38-TqsH edi 90Bq8 lo liosl airicT lo cfnwoooB nO .^nt 

asslsei; iuod^tw ,9ldia&oqffr.i: *t baaol ctnernct-rBqaCt soillO :tso<I 9ri;t 

•^liis'v'n lenoLR Jo sauoms Ilr.ifra Qdi neve qn saw o:r ,9onBE-svB*i:tx9 



93 



able for the exhibit, a little more than |l,500 out of the al- 
lotment of |4,000 being turned over by him to be covered into 
the Treasury, 

The most important thing lacking in the exhibit was 
a model post office. That absolutely necessary feature of the 
postal service, operating on the best system and with the most 
approved facilities and methods, must naturally be interesting; 
for the post office is the one thing controlled by the Govern* 
ment that comes into touch with the interests of everybody in 
the land. In several previous expositions a working post of- 
fice has formed part of the exhibit, and has not only been 
highly interesting as such, but has performed valuable service 
in the collection and distribution of mail, as a station of the 
main office in the city where the expositions have been held. 

Small as the display was, however, it was a highly 
creditable one, and attracted much attention. 

The growth of the postal service was well illustrated 
by a display of five old ledgers, kept during the war of the 
Revolution by the Postmaster General himself, embodying the 
accounts of about 75 postmasters-«all that were needed in the 
country at that time-- in contrast with a conspicuous statistic- 
al chart, showing the postal service of the United States to be 
now by far the greatest in the world. 

«*• The several ways of transporting the mails from place 
to place were shown by, first, the model of an Indian runner, 
with dog team, drawing a toboggan over the snow— a method of 
carrying the mails that is sometimes resorted to in Northern 
Michigan and other frontier places during midwinter; second, a 



«IB Qdi to cTuo 00e,l| nstii a-iom sliill b ,;?ldirix9 sdi ict elds 
oSnl b9i9vco 90 oi mid x^ -ravo bsmui gated 000,l^| 'lo jaemiol 

♦ Yii^a-BSiT Qdi 
aBW cfxdixtxs sii^ ni lauiosl sni if* ins^-ioqni Jaora srfT 

:taom srid- ri:tiw bnjs raecfava ^Jaed erf;? no sni^tBioqc ,80ivisa I&iBoq 

l^ntiaaiBinl ad Ylls*«i^^jsrf isum ^abodistn bii& zetiiLtoBl bevo'iQqs 

^^^.:,.,rr.n 3j-{^ ^rd belloiinoo ^nidS sno odi si soillo ^taoq anj lol 

ni ^^iDodvi^vd xo aiaeieSnt sri? ri^iw riojjo:t ocTni asmoo imli in&m 

-lo jaoq -^riijLiow B anoi.tiaoqxQ awoivaiq iBisvse al .hnjsl 9d:t 

need Y-f'"' -' -^ tcfidirixs sriJ lo i'lsq, bsmict asd soil 

eoi:r-i92 ©IdauiBv i>9flno'ii8q asd cfud jrioua as anxj-a9i9*ni Ylria-txl 

9ri^ lo noijs^a a a^ ,1-^^^ ^o noiiudt-r^atb bna nolJoelloo 6rf:f ni 

.i3l9f{ need eviiri anoiii3oqx& 9:!:? 9^9riw vji-; i^ii^t ni eoillo iiisin 

YJJ:iSiii B afiw :ti ^levewod ,aBW -^Blqalb 9rfct as LlsmB 

.notineMA doum b9ioaii:fB bus <eno aIdBiil)9"io 
hei&i:SaisLli Llew ajsw 90iv"i93 iB^aoq edi lo ri^woia 9riT 

sdi lo ^BW 9r(;t srxiiul) ;tqe3i ^aisafesX Mo 9vil lo YBlqaxb b y<J 

sdct HniYbodffis tHoamijci iBteng-P ^9;taBra;t8 0*I 9c{* ^d rtoi^fuIoveH 

s-f"" ■/. foabaoT -ow J.3dr 11,3 — .r{9:taBm^20q c7 cf;;odB lo a:?ni;oooB 

-ot^axjBja auouoxqanoo b di i\v iaatiaoo ni — eraxcf oBd;t :Jb Yi-^^nuoo 

9d oi a9*Bcra f>9;finU ed;t lo 90ivi9a iBctaoq 9rf;t sniworia ^iiado L& 

.j)Iiow exit ni ;ta9wB9i3 9ri;t isl '^jd won 
eoBlq fflo-fl alxBfa sdi ani^ioqanBict lo a-^BW iBisv&a 9xlT 

ttanawi nalbnl rrs lo Isbora erivt ,^^81x1 tX<i 'Tworia 9iew eoBlq 0* 

^w DoriJ-9tn £--- 3 9d;J 'i9vo n.,3^odo;t .-. Ma...v.;,'iJb ,mB9;? gob ,'■^••■■ 

m9d*ioPI nx ocr i)9cf-i039i a9rax:t9moa ax i&di aliBra edi '^ntx'^'^^^ 

& tbnooQE ;iBiniiwbi.m anx-xirb a90Blq T^i*^o^l tgriJo bna nsslriolM 



94 



model of a mounted western mail carrier; third, model of a 
steamboat carrying mails on river routes; fourth, models of 
ocean mail steamers; fifth, model of a postal car, completely 
furnished. 

The method of delivering med Is in cities was shown by 
the model of a letter carrier completely equipped, and by one 
of a special delivery messenger mounted on his bicycle. 

The means by which the mails are secured during their 
transit were illustrated by several cases of mail bags and locks 
formerly and now in use. ^^ 

The instrumentality by which postages have been and 
are now paid was strikingly shown in a collection of old let- 
ters that had passed through the mails when postage was paid in 
money, and in a splendid collection of postal cards, stamped 
envelopes, and postage stamps of all the several series that 
have been in use from 1847 until now. 

Some idea of the process of manufacturing postage 
stan:5)s was given through a collection of entire sheets thereof, 
before being gummed, perforated or cut. 

There was also a small display of articles showing 
some of the means by which postal business is carried on--offic« 
ial envelopes and blank forms, postmarking instruments, regis** 
try seals, blank commissions of postmasters, etc, and a number 
of photographs showing post office buildings in the larger cit- 
ies. 

As illustrating some of the dangers attending the 
carriage of the mails, a picture was exhibited showing the hold- 
ing up of a stage coach by robbers. 



B to Inborn tP-v^J:n';t jfelTti^o li^j ntei'd&w b^;iniiotsi b lo lobom 

lo sieDom jiij-ijioi jae^jjo-i -isviT no alxBra gniyiTBO ;tB0dii?B9cf3 

Xleielqmoo jtBO lB:t2oq b lo Lebom ,rC;Jlil jaiemBeis liiuH nBeoo 

^ic iirtorls 3BW 8©x^i;^ nl aX Lsff! gniievileb lo iiOrfcTera siiT 

sno y6 bn& ,i)9gqxijp9 xIsieLqmoo tettiBo t&:fiel b lo lebom edi 
.filoijotd airf no boctrfrrom •ssv.r^.-i^-rt^im v/ievilsfo Ibi oeqa i' lo 
ti&iv: ^ai-iub bsiijoaa s-ib sXi oli dii? fialrrw ^jd eiusem 9riT 
8^001 brt& a^Bd lijsm Ic assBO iBievee ^f^ fe9:tBi:tairXIi eisw il-dn&'i^ 

.eau ni v^nrr hnii xl'i&nnol 

bciB need evBri 29B3:f£oq rioiriw ^d 'i^ilii^neffiL'-rd'Eai -arfT 

«;t8l Jblo lo nolcfoelloo & at nworfa xl-anl-Aliia asw bt&q won eiB 

rtl blsq 3j5r B':::3??^orT r-f.-^w p.r^K'v< ^^(r:f ^r;;uo"ff(:r r>^;-'PA(T i3Bf{ +Bjrf:r EiacT 

fobqirixiJc jaij'iiio i-ijaoq ic noxd os.l1.oo l>ii)r-8iq2 ii ni bnB ^^([snora 

*Br{;? aeiTse Ibi8vse edi 11b lo aqmjsJe eaA^:t8oq bns ,33qol9vne 

.wor- rt--*'rrif ?.».P,r tco'il 68i: ni nsscf evBff 
»B-B:raoq snl^-jj^o^li;n.^;i: lo &a600*iq or^^ Ic B&bi emoE 
tlos-isiiif s:Jr-t9rfE eiiiae lo noitoslloo b dgffoiricr nsvig 8bv/ aqn;js*8 

. . ■■:) ,h.-::' e.'foliea .h^.i^^rra:-^ gni 9Cf efoletf 

anj-worlc. ?,9lDx;JiB lo ^iijlqaxi) ilBsce b oaljs aiiv/ stsriT 

-oillo — no bslTiBo ai sB&nieucf I&iEoq rJoJtriw x6 enBem edi lo r^crroe. 

^-Eij^S'f tS^nsmiriJanx ^;,^TJ:-^^i^mo^oq ,?ifr"rr,t ^JnBlff J^^'^i- psqolevrrf^. T-? 

isdtnnn Xi J^nii tOvTb t3*iC-70^E-im;faoq lo anoi aexnimoo iinxilci ,elB88 -^"iJ 

'^iio "fosiBl Bdi lit saniJbllxrd 90III0 ;t3oq aniworfe BrCqB'igocforfq lo 

,S9i 

sncf ■anii)n9:t7B aieanBfc ericf lo Qicoe anicfaTJai/iii: sA 
~I)Iori Qdi aniwoffe bBitdldxa sbw ©ti-rJoiq b ,8XxBia edi lo eaBlitBO 

.aT9ddoi -"-^r fff..^co ej^B^e b lo qu gnl 



95 



There was quite an interesting display of the por- 
traits of the veterans of the postal service—men who have been 
in office thirty years and upwards. 

Finally, there was an exhibit of articles showing to 
some extent the manner of doing business by foreign postal ad- 
ministrations, contributed by most of the countries constituting 
the Universal Postal Union. 

The feature of the exhibit which attracted the great- 
est notice was the Indian with his team of dogs. The next was 
the collection of postage stamps. But the entire exhibit seem- 
ed to give pleasure to the thousands who visited the Government 
building, and it was no doubt of instructive value besides. 

KERR CRAIGE, 

Representative , Post O ffice 
Department. 



■BuQMfe. 



need evsri orfw nsm— -eoivfss iBctaoq eriif lo ansts^tev 9f{;t lo actijsi* 

.3^*Ti?.wqIf bns E1BSX x^"^^^^ solllo rii 

*-l)B Isosoq nslstol; v;d esenisud s^^-to^ "^o isnrtsm erfct ;tfi9:txe eraoa 
gni^ijcfid'anoo asiictni/oo srict lo :t80ffi xd Jb9.tj/d'.t'^:trtoo , arret jjbi.t Elnlffi 

-;fBeig 9ric^ l)s:toiii:tctB rfoiriw ildidxe srii lo sfjjJBsl erfT 

a^w jxsn srfT .a^ob to mBsi sxri a'.-^ iw nBxbnl srfcf aBw sntiton tas 

-^maaa j-idirLt.s eiid^ns enut Jjj8 .aq£nB:t8 SQBctaoq lo nox:roei.^.u.-..i yri:^ 

;tn9mm:svoD Bdi beSlEiv oriw gfjnBSifori^t srf^ o:J stuBS&Lq evig od Joe 

• asbia&cT auliiv svl^fonJ^nl lo ?diJob on sbw .ti ^ns ,3nifcIJ:j:rd 

,SniAHO HHEH . 
ftoxllO ;?soS' t /I ;t .b j n a a a - 1 q &H 
,;tn9fiictiBq9CI 



» »-■ c •" **• 



REPORT OP THE REPRESENTATIVE 
of the 
Department of Agriculture. 

The exhibit of the Department of Agriculture at the 
Atlanta Exposition of 1895 was for the most part an entirely 
new one. The collections exhibited by this Department at the 
World's Columbian Exposition in 1893 were, in the absence of 
any suitable place in which to preserve them at the Department 
in Washington, either deposited in the Field Museum at Chicago, 
or loaned to scientific and educational institutions which were 
prepared to care for and use them properly. The Department of 
Agriculture, unlike some of the other departments, had there- 
fore to collect and arrange an exhibit on a new plan, made up 
largely from material purchased for the purpose. 

The plan adopted proposed, in accordance with the act 
authorizing the government exhibit, to illustrate some of the 
more important functions and operations of those bureaus and di- 
visions the work of which seemed likely to be most interesting 
and instructive to the people of the South and to give them the 
best general idea of the varied and far-reaching activities of 
this Department. Owing to the limited money and more limited 
space allowed, it was only possible to illustrate some of the 
operations of a few of the leading agencies included in this 
Department. In short, it was sought to show, by suitable spec- 
imens of work, what the Department of Agriculture was doing to 



vj — '-• 

vj r. I .i^r.w iiB ;tiBq ;J3ora 8ft;t lo'i z£>w c^iol Ic noi : JisoqjcS sinaliA 

sii;t ^Tb ^rnsmJisqaa aiii;^ ^cf bectidirfx© enoiiofilLoo sxiT . eno wen 

to sonsadB srij ni ,9itv?/ €<?3.r ni rrc>icfi.r;oqx3" nsidmirlor. s'^r-foW 

;rr!am:f'Xi3q9G erU ;tB merij •-v-ieaaiii oj rioXriw ni soisiq &XdB2lu<i ^^ub 

«oasolriO c^B raireas/M Mei'i srf^ ni fcsJiaoqei-- isri^xe ^noi^^aids&Vf £iL 

eiQvr fCoirfw ^x^ojfcctJ:r:ricf ?3r»i j.z^.o:zir>ont9 bm^ oniinBioB oi h9n.soX 10 

lo d'ri-em;tt^3qsCT QrfT .■^^lycioiq msriv o'du ana tc^l ei£.o oj i^o'Xijqo'iq 

«9iericf i)Brf tSinexQcTiaqsl) "ioricto sdi l:o smoa 9:3lilnjj jStJLfJ-ljJolfsA 

qsj ehBoi tUBlq wen b no itid-trfxi-' nn a'anxt-fT.r> .bne ioelloo oi 910 x 

iOB edi rictiw 9onBi)icooB rrx 5i)93oqciq neoqoJbB nalq 9rfT 

9r{;t to emo?. e:iB^ie^LLl. 0? ^ j'idi.-^xg ctnsmnieyoa erfrt ;:nj-si-icirlj ub 

•i-jj JjnB 3U£9T3Jd' eeorij la anuiiis-isqo br.B ^noiionu't iim-j'-ioqzis. d'iom 

Sni:t3e*i9:tni: ;tsom &d ojt Y-^^^III i)9m998 lioiriw lo 3iiow eri^ anoleiv 

9ri;? m&d;} svig o:t bnB ri^wog sdi \c sirropq erfit o;f evl^cu-iisnl bna 

to aeicTi v.t.toB gniiioBS'i-iBx tni^ .oexi.si'- sTi.-t ^o Bebi: Ijs-iensg c?E9cf 

i)6ctj:mil 9T0in iins xsnom beitxmil 9fi;t o^ aniwO . ;Jn9ffl;JiBq6G airf* 

erf^ lo ert!Os sctB'fctsuIIi oc? oldiaaoq Yjnc ss?^ :fi fbewcliB sosqa 

eiriJ i!i jj3j:.iij±orix asjionagB snx£iB9l erij io wet x- 10 3noJ:;t3'i9qo 

-ogqs QldBiliss xd ,worfe. o^ ^rfauoe sbw j-x ,;J"Toria nl . JneraJ'XBqeCI 

oi ^nloi) asw 9ijj-;tXifoi:isA lo ;tn9m^iBq9G sri^t imiv ,3[tow lo anerai 



97 



develop the resources of the country, and especially of the 
South, and to protect the property and advance the general in- 
terests of the farmers and other industrial and commercial 
classes. 

This report is divided into two parts. First, a con- 
densed description of the exhibits; and secondly, a brief bus- 
iness statement. 

DESCRIPTION OP THE EXHIBIT OP THE DEPARTMENT 
OP AGRICULTURE. 

The main portion of the exhibit of this Department, 
including everything except the Road Exhibit, which was located 
on the grounds in the rear of the Government Building, and the 
Forestry Exhibit, which was installed in a separate building, 
as will be described below, occupied eight thousand square feet 
of floor space in the north section of the Government Building. 
It fronted upon the main east and west aisle and was divided 
by the main north and south aisle. See plans of the Govern** 
ment Building accompanying this report and the floor plan of 
the Department of Agriculture exhibit herewith. 

The visitor entering at the main door and looking di- 
rectly in front of him, saw thus on the left the pavilion con- 
taining the collective exhibit of cotton products and on the 
right that of the collective exhibit of fruits. Over the cen» 
tral aisle between these two hung a trophy consisting of an 
eagle supporting the Department seal, which proclaimed the fact 



-ni i.>ji8ix323 erf;? sanjsvD^) d ^ , .eqoiq erij' joscfotq o;? bna tfiJwoB 
Ijsiotsflmioo JbnB IjBli:fair£)ni; isriJc ftnjs atarrnjal srfit Io a;f86*i9;t 

-Slid iL&i-id B tYl^noo68 bna js^tidirfxe sri^r to nox ;r qi to 8 sb ftesfiab 

.Jnsms^tBis aaenJ: 

TW^iTHA^aa KKT %0 TIHIHXH SHT '50 PIOI TqiflOSSG 

.aLHUTJUOIH€-A 10 

,;tn9ra;fiBqe(T f.in* lo cfidiffxe edS Jo noM*(oq nisra sriT 

JbectBOOl 3BW :i-v,.n>.v ^^-xdirixS i)aofl sdi oq.w.<8 :3fxi:ii;l'«ii9V8 snxbijXuni 

8ri;t bn& ^^nlbllisE itiamnievox) edi lo *ib9*t eric? ni abnuoig srf:f no 

f^nlbLiud ©rrBtjsqes i5 ni bsXI.BSznl sbw noidvr ,.tidirfx3 ^'J^eeto'^ 

^qbI 9ifif.rp8 i)iiaauori;f ^li^i© i)9,tquoDo fTJoieo DoaiioaeD so lixw aB 

.SniMli/S ctHSffimevot) erii 'io iiox;fosa ri^torr Qdi ctl ©osqa looll lo 

bBbivib si3T bf.B elzlti, J-esw fonB laae nxBia en':? noqu beinott il 

••n-13 vox.) ahj aO anxiXq 9e8 ♦aXaxB ri;?uoE baa riJton rxiBm ari;? \;d 

lo naXq ^ooXl Qdi bnB i'loqet sldi ^xiXYnaqinoooB sniMiuS insm 

,rfcti:w9T9rf Sldldi-io .9t;j.tInoi-sr?A Ic :?n9ind"tBqeCI sdi 

••noo noJIxvBq ©ri* JloX edi no ajifi;t wb8 jiniri lo inoil ni yX^oot 

oriJ no bns aJoufccrcr nc;tvtoo lo +idi:rfx9 9vi:;?09XXoo 9di r^niniscf 

-1190 Bdj levO »a:tiiJ'ii lo zfiairixs eviJoeXXoo sdi to ^an-S Jiiiiit 

n& lo gnictslanoo ^{liqoi;? b ■^nud owct ©asrf* nG©v(r;ted aXaiB XBi.t 

ioBt edi bemiBXooiq rioirfw ,Xb9s inemiiBqed &ds ^ni:tioqqu8 ©X^Be 



98 



J-'' ' ' ' ■ ' ' ■ ■ =c 


Mod):h 


Modtls 




1) 
in 




tr 

AGROSTO- < 
LOGY 



?.? 



POMOLOGY 



>- 




u,-, 


^ Voo'f /s 


m _) 
<o 

UJ(- 








UJCL 

> 


r^,f,.p/»,„ 



^^ w 



fr^;t 


■ Modeh 







fruit 


Modih 










^3^ 



M a i n 



ll Aisle 







(B 




> I 

1*1 s 

■4- to 
1 



cc 

< ? 

Us 

z> < 

CQ S 

z 

m< 







/r.5«is 


/•>sec/j 











Insects 


lnse<ti 









^ 


hiediadfb 




ny?] 


Mammals 






Mammal^ 


I 



Q 
< 

> 

i o 

_l 

o 

X 

ir 



Mamffo/i 



Pig. 129.— Diagram of exhibit of U. S. Department of Agriculture at Atlanta Exposition. 



i!!M^ 



99 



that "Agriculture is the foundation of manufactures and com« 
merce", a statement the truth of which was at once apparent in 
the exhibits. Proceeding on a realization of its importance 
to the people, the Department exhibit was collected and arranged 
in accordance with the general plan above outlined, with a spec- 
ial view to giving a clear idea of what the Department is, what 
it has done and what it is doing, for the agricultural inter- 
ests of the country. It developed the fact that in the perfonnw 
ance of the general purposes set forth in the organic act creat- 
ing it, the scope and character of its work have been from time 
to time enlarged until they now embrace many subjects not thought 
of when the Department was created, but which scientific re*» 
search has since shown to be vital to agriculture. For example, 
the work of the Weather Bureau and of the Division of Agricul- 
tural Soils illustrated the methods of studying the climate of 
both atmosphere and soil in their relation to agriculture and 
horticulture; the exhibit of the Division of Botany represented 
a seed-testing laboratory at work; the exhibit of the Division 
of Pomology contained many models of fruits which have been or 
might be grown in the South, with illustrations of the Depart- 
ment's methods of studying them; the exhibit of the Division 
of Vegetable Pathology and Physiology presented some specimen 
diseases of fruits and plants, with the methods of preventing 
or curing them; the exhibit of fibers illustrated the commercial 
fibers which are or should be grown in the South, and their 
products; the exhibit of the Bureau of Animal Industry showed 
its work upon the diseases of animals and in the inspection of 
meat; the exhibit of the Division of Biological Survey illus- 

'L.ofC. 



s^BOo Mb aeiJJd'OBAirnBffl lo cioliBbnuot Bdi ai eiircfluoii^A'' ^Bdi 

tti ,•t^e^i3qqB eano cTb sbw rfoiriw lo ii;ttn::t erf;t :fn9xne;tj3d^8 b t"eo*x9m 

eonBctioqiai £i.ti lo aoi;t'j5S.!:XB©'i & no g^i:i^9900^*I .s^lc'ti"^::?^ b/iu 

begnBT^B bns bB:ioelloo bbw ;ticfliixe cfnemdriBqaCT 9ri;t ^slqosq arlo o;? 

«09qs B rid-Jtw ,f)eniI;tifo evocfB nalq iBisneg erf^J rid-iw sonB^toooB ni 

;tBriw ,ai: crneffi;fiBqe(I 9ri:t iF^dM lo B9l)i 'sp.nrr) ,.-, r.r:rrlT: o.^ walv IbI. 

**tL:ri:Olteq erii ni :J Brief ^obI erf;r boqoleveb ;tl .Y'^-Jniroo eri^ lo a:fg6 

-;tBe'io toB oi.n&i-.'-u'^ irut rri rf.tiol vtes ?.9?.oq"fjja risTorrcs 9ri:f lo sohb 

Qsiii fflo-rl nsecf sv^in M'fow aui lo tejoB-^BilD Dnii aqcoe 9f{;t ^iti gni 

JriQirori^ Jon s^oetcfue T^nBin ©oBidms won Y©ri* li^iais be^iBlne emii oi 

-;..■ ■ol'ii.-tnA i:fiq rfoirfw jud jbsJ'BSio SBW in9fad-rr.n-9a sr^;? nerfw lo 

telqfiisxo 10^ .s'lucJiifoiisB oi lB;tiv ed o:t nworie aoais. c.isa rioiBse 

-liiol-xaA lo nolsJtviC eri;? lo bnB n^eiisS t9ricf£-9W 9ri:f lo ^Ciow ©ricT 

lo ©;fBml..r.'i ^.r'.-t -j-f fvbrycfa lo gboru-Tfin firfd- f.sctBi^t p.ull]-. alio?. £&^ui 

bRB etiJiiuoi'v^B oj itotiBlBt -liadcr ai ixoti nnis si&nq2om;tB ri^od 

fig^n&as'xqs'T xnBctoa lo noizivia &di lo ,t£dL-fx9 ©ricT js'iud-Iuoi^ttorf 

noislvid erf.-* lo ;?idirfxe exivt pttow jb Y'^^^t-TOdsI r:ni*RS?«b9aa b 

10 n89d evBri rioxrlw &ilui1 lo slebom ^.ciiti benxB-noo y,^oLotr>o^. lo 

-crijsqsa 9ri:t lo QaoiiBtiBiiLli K^Jfcw ,rf;twoa sri^ nx nwotg ed cfriaJtm 

noiaiviu fj.-'-f '^o iidxdXQ eriJ ;ra9fi* a^-^'-^^'^f^^- "^^ sbod:}em a*;tn9m 

nsmiosqs Sfiios, bQin&BBiq \:goloiBxd^ bn& XciOlod:-^^. eldB^tsa^V lo 

^siS^nevsiq lo aborivteoi ©riJt .dcTiw ta^nBlq bnB a^^iifil lo 89RBe8il> 

li^ fo-T9inmoo eri:^ b9,lB"{.-t .-nf r r t j^-^rAcr,?:! lo tiriir^zB erf* ;mQdi 5^1*1110 -10 

-iledi b£fB iricfiTOG sns nl awoia o>:i biworla *ig aiB dotdv^ a'i9dJ:l 

boworia ^T^pjirbal iBciinA lo sjBS^LfQ edi lo cfldMxe eri^ ;acroi/bo'!q 

lo n*'i.^tneqgni v.-f-* rri: fv^B slB/ninB lo p.esBBP.tk eri? noqjj aCtow 3*1 

-aulli -^ov-uja iBoi^oIoia lo noisivlQ sri:? lo ;tldirlz9 sn? ; "is^>rJT 



100 



trated the fauna of the South, while the exhibit of the Division 
of Entomology showed the more important injurious insects found 
in this section of our country, with the methods of combatting 
them. The great educational agencies of the Department, the 
Office of Experiment Stations and the Division of Publications, 
were illustrated by a few typical specimens of the work of the 
experiment stations and by books, charts and bulletins issued 
by the Department. 

The following descriptive list gives the chief ob- 
jects included in these various exhibits. 



WEATHER BUREAU. 

This exhibit was divided into three chief sections, 
as follows: 

A| a completely equipped Weather Bureau station; B, 
a collection of climatic and meteorological charts, photographs 
of clouds, lightning, etc, and a full set of the publications 
of the Bureau, illustrating its educational methods; and C, a 
model weather forecasting station at work, with a printing of- 
fice for the daily publication of lithographic weather maps for 
distribution. 

A:- Model W eather Bureau Station .- In this section 
the following apparatus were exhibited: 

Collection of automatic instruments, giving contin- 
uous records of the velocity and direction of the wind, the du- 
ration of sunshine, the atmospheric temperature and pressure, 
and the amount of rainfall. 

Apparatus exhibiting the action of instruments for re- 
cording rainfall by means of weighing rain and snow. 



noiaiviCI 9rf:r Jo ildtdxe edS elirfw ,d:inoE &d^ lo Biiust Bdi be^B-ii 

tmisot 3^0r,-i.i Quoitulai insi-^oqml enoin edi bewodn xaoIoraOstaS lo 

^nliSudmoo lo -abodiem Bdi ri^iw ^vi+nuoo tuo to noi^oss siri;t ni 

f""^'"' i.v^eivia ©ri^r bnB anoicrjs.ta ^n^smi-Siiqxs: 'to soilio 

-do "^elrfD adi aevis ^etl eviiqinogsii) jifliwollol arfT 

. TJAlHr'TT''? 5T3TTT,A.S¥ 

rewollol 8ji 

,a ;fT0i*j?,ta .ifBeiirS 'J©rf;^B9l!!r Jbeqqiupa ^'Xsrtfiron'.nrj .a ^ ?. 

axiox;tBoiidjjq s/icT lo :r©s Hut b Mb ,D;t9 .snin^TiisiX ,afcuoIo lo 

a ,0 bnB iQbodiam Ismr)tSBOisb@ zSt ■^nti:R'%)Biilll ^uB^tuE Qdi lo 

-lo ^nlinl'^q & rfcfia »:;■•:;. 'f. aoi^TB^ts ^niJsBoe'JOl lerf^Bew lebom 

tot sqam terttBew oiriqBisoii.til lo noiiBsllduq \ll&b sdi ntol soil 

• noi^fwdit^Eii) 

i&acMdirfxe aiew ajJ^BtBaqa ^nxwoXIol eri^ 
-ni^noo an i via ,2;tn9rojr.::f3nl ol:t,a:To:trTi5 lo aoli 
-nb eri;? tl)nti«f sd^J ■:^o noijosixi) foiiB \jJtocIev 9aM ^lo ei)-{oos't auow 
tSisjaastq fcnB ©ii/;?Bf eqirtsJ oiieriq^om^tB eri? ,©nlrfEnixa lo aolist 

.IlBl.rfXBt lo ^ni/oniB erict bnn 
-e*t 'iol e;tn9fliwi:r&iii .lu noxJoB snj gniitiairuta ejj^BiBqqA 

.woHE bnB nlBi gnirisjtsw lo enBsra xd LlBlnts'z ^nibioo 



101 



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fcJ6-- 'SC^-^i. 






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X 

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**tV-F SIMMS' ' -^ 


■("Sim 1 


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m 


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"^J^2^*^ - ^ . ., „._ ,^,-;-^^»«B»!., 


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^l- -— -T-;- ■"■ -s: LJ tj ■*« 1 --1 






»' ^ X ^ llffl flil "■** '''nFill 


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^ f— ^ mKHKffS^S^^^Jtt^ """^ ' ..__ * 








1 



103 



Devices for exhibiting the pressure of the air and 
the fundamental principle of the barometer; standard mercurial 
barometers, and barometers with parts shovrn in section, and ane- 
roid barometers of different types; compensated steel siphon 
tpbe barograph, of great precision, giving continuous record of 
air pressure. 

Standard instrument shelter containing thermometers, 
psychrometers and thermograph, and exhibiting the standard forms 
of instruments and the proper methods of exposure for obtaining 
correct observations; standard rain-guage and box supports. 

Combined thermometer and wind vane support for the 
proper exposure ot" instruments giving the velocity and direction 
of the wind; normal air thermometer and comparator, the stajid- 
ard type of thermometer for obtaining correct measures of tem* 
perature, and the apparatus employed in comparing thermometers 
for the purpose of eliminating errors of construction. 

B:*» A co llection of instr uctional material ;** Twelve 

t ^ <^*' 

climatic charts giving normal annual and seasonal temperature, 

humidity, etc, for the United States. 

Collection of bromide prints, enlarged from photo** 
graphs of clouds, lightning, etc. 

Relief map of the United States colored to show the 
annual rainfall, as compiled from all authentic observations 
from 1738 to 1891; etc, 

Ci" Model forecast station at work:*- An exhibit in 
daily operation from about 10 A.M. to 1 P.M., illustrating the 
methods of charting daily weather observations for the purpose 
of forecasting weather conditions for the next 36 hours and the 
publication of daily weather maps. 



bns ti& Qdi lo eiifaeeiq edi sni:tidxrfxe 'tol ssoivad 

Isi:ijjot9ffi biBbfi&^B Jts;t9mo^JBd sri^ lo slqioniiq IjentnemBfonul: erii^- 

«8nB f)nB ,nolcto9a nl nvwdn BiiBq tii Ivr &teiQmo*iAd bn& ,8'?i>d'9flio"iBd 

noffqia lee^s fcecfBsrtsqmoo iQeq\t (tneisllib lo 8*!Ocf©ffioii5d bioi 

lo Moo9i axjomii^tnoo snlvig ,noi8ioe>iq ^Jbsis to ^liqBisoTisd eduJ 

.ei'iJeas'iq 'flB 

tS'xsd'enroffiisril' snJ:niB;tnoo isd-Iaria :titemift;tsni biBbtiBiB 

EBTiol biBbnsie &Ai ^nl^i6ldx& bns tdqsiigQansdi bus gisoemoirio^aq 

gnlnlB^do tol 6*inj:oqx9 "lo aboricfem teqo'iq bdi bna BinematiBitl lo 

.8;Jioqqi/a xod li)nB 9§Bi;3*'ni:Bi l)iBfcn«;t3 jenoi^tBvieado iToQ-itoo 

eri^t *iol ;fioqqu3 anBV bnlw bnsi f ©;t9rcomi;9rfd I^enidffloO 

"i)rrB;tE erf;? tiGistsqinoo bna io^em.orcif!>d^ tia Isjin*fon ;l3.aiw ori;t lo 
-ra©;* lo 89T:u8B9ffl ;to»TTOo i^nlnlBCfdo tol le^temomiexi;? lo eqx^ ^ijb 
3Te>t eraoanarf:^ §niiBqmoo nJt JbsTjoIqme Bui&tBqqB edi bus ^eiui sieq, 
♦ noi;Joixi:tanoo lo aioiie sni:^ Bnimj;l9 lo eeoqiyq efi;J lol 
eviQwT-; jBJ:ie;^.6ffl Igno lj-puicfenl lo nolitaelloo A «»:S 
^BtLiat&qmii iBnosBse briB Isunrts iBnnon gnivlg zinhdo otip,mllt) 

,a9;tB;t8 beitaU sdi lol ,o:te tX^^^^fnurf 
■i-odOiiq moil l)9siBXne ,8inl*xq efilnioid Ic ciolio&lLoO 

♦ o;t9 ^aninjrf^xX ,8l)ifOj:o lo srCqBTg 
9di worfa o:f j)9toIoo zeis^^ b&tlnU 9di lo qaai l9J:l8J7 
3noi;tsvi98do oli[i3diu& 11& raoil b&llqtaQO bb ^IlBlniBi iBunns 

• .0^9 jisai o.-r sesTi moil 

ni .tidirfxe nA -isfiow c^b noi:JBie £8bo9'io1 IsboM -:0 

erf^ Sni^B-x^fauIIi ,,M.*I I o^ ,M.A 01 :fuodB moil iiol^TBieq© Y-t-tB^ 

eaoq-ijjq Qdi tol 3nOi:JBVt9Edo tsri^Bew Ylish sniiiBrCo lo a£)0rf;J9!0 

erii finB aiuorf S5 ;txen 9f"v»t toI anoint ifcnoo •xerf:fB9ir afli;?aB09iol lo 

.aqam lediBQV xLlBb lo noic^BolIdifq 



103 



Every day, except Sunday, between the hours of 10 
A^M, and 1 P.M. the printing press was in operation, turning 
off weather charts showing the weather conditions prevailing 
over the country at 8 o» clock in the morning and giving a fore- 
cast of the weather for Atlanta and its vicinity for the sue- 
Seeding tiS^enty-four hours. This was a practical illustration 
of the principal work of the Bureau, to which all its investi- 
gations lead. 

BUREAU OP ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 

The work of this Bureau was illustrated by means of 
enlarged bromide prints and photographs, and alcoholic speci- 
mens relating to the various contagious and infectious diseases, 
with wax models which not only served to show the changes in 
conformation resulting from disease processes, but also the col- 
or transitions from the normal to the diseased state. 

The exhibit contained, for exan^le, a large collec- 
tion of specimens and models, showing the ravages which tuber- 
culosis malres in the lungs and other organs of cattle. At one 
time contagious pleuro-pneumonia was quite prevalent in cattle 
in central and eastern portions of the United States, but owing 
to the work qX the Bureau of Animal Industry in the enforcement 
of the Federal law concerning it, this d&eadful disease has been 
entirely eradicated. Under this law affected animals were ap- 
priased and destroyed, contaminated premises were disinfected, 
and where this was impossible the buildings were destroyed, and 
cattle which had been exposed to the contagion were isolated 
^§^ closely watched. It took five years for the Bureau to ef- 
fect this, and in 1892 the Secretary of Agriculture issued a 



01 lo B*iuod edi nse-^'^tftd j'rBbfixrS cfqeoxe ,^sfe vnev!? 
^ttimvS , -M-'reqo ni. sbw assiq ^nfiicrni-sq ei\^ ...;,- I fons .M.A 
Sniliisve-iq anoi^fibnoo lerf^sew 8rf;t gniworia 8;rTtBrio leri^ssw llo 
-s-jo^ B ^.ni^rl^ bnsi sixmos ari^T ni 3ioolo»o 8 ;fB -^-iitnt/oD eri;t leyo 

nol;tB-fJ3iJlIi lBolcJoB*iq B 8BW eXiiT . sti/ori iiiol«Y^new:? anifceso 
^'iineynt s^Jt lis rioiriw 03" ,iJB9iifS exf* ^o 5lfOw Isqionl-Yq f»K:r lo 

lo anasm ^cf ts^BT^auIIi bbw. liBS'tya 8iri;t lo 3ftow ©riT 

•"ioeqa oilorioolB l)nB ,ariqB*!go^Oiiq i)nB acTni'fq Qbiir.O'id f)9giBln» 

fil eeaf^Brio 6ii^^ worfe oi L-sviaa ^ino cTon rloirfw Blabom xsw r:;tlw 

«-Ioo 9r{;t oalB lucf jgeaaeooiq eaBeaib raoil anictlL-aei noi;tB.inolnoo 

.»^i-;;ts f)eEB9axi') encf 0$ lunnon edS moil 8noi:tl8rtBt;:^ io 

• 06lIoo 8S-XBI ii ,eIqmBX9 -lol ,J59ni:B:tnoo ;?iclJ:r{x9 9r{T 

-ledi;^ rioiriw asSBVBn 9rf;t sniworfa <ele£)0m bnB ansciiosqa lo noi^ 

sno ^A »QliiAO lo anBgto lon'^o • --; -'tnixl 9r[:J- ni 39>'i?.C5 aiaoluo 

eliiBO ni *nelBV9iq Bilup asw i>ino]aiJ9nq-OTJJ9lq auol^Bctnoo eml;^ 

gniwo Jijcf ,30vtB;ta i39JiaU 9ri;J lo 8noJt^*foq me^tase l>nB JB'£;tn©o ni 

insmeo'ioJrr u vv-r f r'i Y*tcfai;ftnl I-smJinA 1^ ?i*row eri^t o* 

nssd BBxl S3.a6aiij li/lbBesfc oidi ^it ^nlnteoiioo wbI iBteJbe'? gricT lo 
-qii B'i&w RlBKiinB b9;toellB wbI ai.r{;t 'saJbnU ;i)9;fB0ibBi9 \;ie"il;fn0 

bna tb^xo'i.i&eL ■'-:"': ^^nii:illud edi oldisaoqmi sbw zld3 t)^sr{vr hns 

beiBlOEi 9t9w noiaB^tnoo sdi oi beaoqxe need l)Bri rioiriw el:iiBO 

-'^' ^i33*ijja eri;t lol aiB9>j svll 2loo5 :tl ,bQdoi&v i^lgaolo bas 

& b&Uiisi ©iw^IuolisA lo YiB^r 81098 ericT 8681 al Jdhb <aixf:r ^oel 

1. ■■ ,■ 



proclamation declaring the United States free from pleuro-pneu- 
monia. Specimens were exhibited showing how this disease af- 
fected cattle. 

Other diseases were graphically illustrated, among 
them Texas fever, at present one of the most important cattle 
diseases in this country, existing mainly in the Southern States. 
A map of the United States was exhibited, which showed the area 
permanently affected by this fever. Since it has been found 
that the disease can be communicated by cattle ticks, it has 
also been shown that the disease can be prevented by keeping 
cattle free from ticks. A number of insecticides were shown, 
by the use of which the small farmer can keep the ticks off his 
cattle. Another interesting exhibit of the Bureau consisted 
of specimens and models illustrating infectious swine diseases 
which are indigenous to this country, the chief of these being 
hog cholera and swine plague. These two diseases were repre- 
sented by alcoholic specimens of the intestines of hogs which 
had succumbed to hog cholera, and by parts of the lungs show- 
ing the changes in structure in that organ brought about by the 
disease process known as swine plague. 

Some idea of the general inspection work of the Bu* 
reau was given by a bromide print of the inspection room at 
Chicago, showing 50 or more persons engaged in examining sam- 
ples of meat from hogs which had been slaughtered for export 
trade . 

Df, The dairy industry was represented by a large number 
of photographs of milch cows famous as milk and butter pro»» 
ducers, and there were also in this collection, of much inter- 
est to horsemen, exhibits designed to illustrate the various 



-j/sfiq-oiuslq moil ©9i!t B&iBiE beSlaU &di .^filiBlosi) aotiBmBlootq 
-wIb QQsealb &s.du ivoxi gnif/orig jbe^idMxo siew 8fiemioeq8 .Bincci 

gnocoB ,j:)©;tB*s:rairIii; T(IlBC>i:ilqB*is 9*iew gaaijeeijb isrl^tO 
elitd'BO inBCfioqcil :t3om erij lo ano .tneaofq iB |^sv6l sBxeT cierlcf 

B©iB arf? i^QWorfg rfoiriw ,l)9;^x,dirfX8 sbw EedfB^^B bea^InU eri;f lo qara A 

bnijot f£99d 3Br{ it QontB •levsl ein;? ^cf Jbsd'oellB ^Uti&iiBmi&q 

BBd ^i ,82CDi;t eliSso vd Jbe^'BOinx/ramoo ed hbo eaBosifo ari^ ;tBri* 

gnJtqaesf Y<f Jbe^fnevsiq ©d nao esBeaii) erf-l ;tBriJ aworia need osIb 

,nworia, siew aebtoi.-tosani lo "ledcjim A ,ziloii moil esil elct^fBO 

aid llo a^foi;? exid ^ii-^^^i hbo ioeiibI IlBjaa 9ri;t rioJtdw lo bp.sj odi vd 

f)9:^axa^oo iiB9iua add lo ^Ididxs af^i^seisiJni ^©rictonA »el^iso 

8Q3Ben lb ©niwa awoii'oelnl sni;tBi:tajjIIi sleboic bnB ansfflioeqa lo 

gniad eagril lo leirio end ^xtinuoo eirict oi auon&^tbni &ib dolAw 

«9iq©i ei8W 39aB9aii) ow;J ©aerlT .ousBlq snlwa I)nB Bielorfo god 

rfoiiiw ssorf lo aani^-^setrfl: ed^t lo an9mxo9q8 oilorioolB \;d jbsctnsa 

'-■./oda agnul ©dJ i..- ,. i^.^ vj i)nj3 jBi9lodo aod o;J iDsdmxjooija b&d 

edi \d jtjodB cfdswoid nBSio oBdcf ni eiuioutiB nl aggnBdo ©ri^ sni 

.©xj^Blq ©nxwa aB rrwon::^ aaeooiq eaBSaib 
wi/a ©rid' iG 3iiow noJt^osqsni iBisnag ©rl^ lo b©1)X 9ffloS 

:tB mooi ROiitosqanx 9ri:t lo ;tnxiq ©fiimoid b x<i n&vl^ aBvr irB9i 

•-xiisa s^inlmBxe ni begBa^'S anoaisq eiorn 10 05 griiworfa ^ogBoirfO 

iioqxe 10I i>9i9;Jd8uxiIa n©9d bsd doidw ssod raoil ^Bsm lo aelq 

. Bb&ii 
i8dxni/n ©aiBl B Y^ i)9:J-n9a9iq9i 3BW xi^Bubni yiisf) 9dT 

-oiq is^tJjjd JbnB liLim aa auonBl awoo dolim lo ariqBigocToriq lo 

^t&int doism lo ,noicro9lloo aJtd^ ni oalB ©lew si9d;t bnB ,aiaoiri> 

awoiiBV &di Qiatiaulll oi ben^tBeb zildldxe ,n9m9Biod oi ;ta© 



105 



diseases and malformations of the horse *s foot, as well as to 
show the proper patterns of shoes to use in such cases. 

Among the other chief exhibits of this Bureau were 
the following: 

Some of the more important apparatus used in bacte- 
riological research. 

Stuffed specimens of hen and chickens, and alcoholic 
specimens of the same to illustrate "gape-worm** disease. 

Samples of wool grown in the Southern States. 

Exhibit of the apparatus used in studying bacterial 
products. Bacterial products such as mallein, tuberculin, hog- 
cholera serum, diphtheria toxines, diphtheria anti-toxine. Hog- 
cholera remedy. 

Map of the United States indicating territory perma- 
nently infected with the contagion of Texas fever. Jar contain- 
ing piece of skin of cow having on it a large number of cattle 
ticks. 

Stuffed skin of horse which during life suffered with 
glanders. 

Implements used in the inspection of meat and animals 
for domestic and foreign trade. Alcoholic preparations of the 
nasal septum of glanders in the horse. Wax casts of fore arm 
and face of man who died of glanders. 

Cultures of many bacteria and fungi, some pathogenic 
(disease-producing) and others not. Specimens of most of the 
parasitic worms which infest the lower animals. 

Model horse shoes for the correction of deformities. 
Dried hoofs and casts showing the most common malformations and 



o:* 2ij Il9w SB t^oo'i a»9eT0fI oiii lo 8noJ:;tBmtolJ.Bm has BBBsepAb 
,898B0 fioija nt eau oi seorfa lo sntel^Bq leqoiq edi worfg 

•"9d'0Bd lYi besjj sy3■i?^Bqqis JnB;fi:oqmi 9*io»ti sffd- lo 9ico8 

oiioitooiij briB ,afis?Ioii{o bca nsri 'lo aitQtxioeqs hsTlvS^ 

.SQsezib •»anow-eqBs" sd-B-x + suIIi o^ eciBa eiicT lo 8itsniio©qE 
«a9J-Bo8 n'-fftrfrtuo?? srf;^ nl rfwofs loow lo ?,3lqm&B 
L&LteSoBG i:iitl\'DijJa ni bBsis auJB'iBqqt arict lo d-icfiflxa 
-gorf jfriluoiedi/:^ ,nx9llBm sb rfoija a^ojji)o*tq iBiie^tOBS ♦e;foi/bo*5q 
-30H ,BntxQi-'iin.B al*iQdidqtb ^asnixo^t BiTSff^rfqif) ^inuisa Btelodo 

,XbmiBf BteLorio 
«Bin"f9q x'^oiiiie^ §nJ: :f bo ifcni as^JBiJB i>6cflnU 9ri^ lo q&U 
•niBonoo ibT, , in vol pbxsT lo nolgB^Jnoo 9di t^.^ix-r be-to-^-lnJ: ^I:^n9n 
elJoBD io isdrajjfi £>s*£bX b :?i no gnivBri woo lo nijiE lo sooiq ^ni 

r^:fJ:v bstsllira elil saiiirb f^nj-ffw ©aTori lo nijia i:>9lljj;f8 

. at ©bfisis 
alBinJtnB hn& isam lo noi^09qani edi ai bae.is 8;tfT9xn9lqraI 

Qdi Jo ?:rtr.i.-?8*fBqsiq oiloriooIA ,91)^1 vl n^isiol bn.fi '^iieP.Bmob 10I 
mfB s'lol ic aizBO xbW ,e8*?orf 9ff;t ni a"i9l)nBlg lo nir.cqst: IsaBn 

.sisljnBla lo i>9j:b oriw fism lo so&l bn& 
oinsgoifcfBq snioa ,isnijl fj-ri-- Bx-T'^:tnBcf vi^r-n lo p.fr:uil.u:) 

BfiJ lo ;?aoin lo angmioeqc- ,;?oii 3t9ri;to ^jab (sjai oirDO'iq-sajseaJtii) 
,p.lBmiinB> tewol 9ri:t ^taslni riolrfw amiow oi;tiaBiBq 
,39-t;timtolefe lo nn.l:;?oe''i-i:oo f^rTt *roT nr^oria aa-forf IftfooT*' 
briB anoiuB/niollBm nommoo i-aozi erU gnivrorfa 3:fEB0 chb aiooxl dox'xu 



diseases of the horse's foot. Casts of the various organs of 
,,. the cow showing the lesions (manifestations) of the cattle 
plague. 

Ten water-color drawings of some of the pathogenic 
bacteria. 

Fourteen large photographs of milch cows with records. 

Colored photographs of Union Stock Yards and packing 
houses in Chicago, 



DIVISION OF BOTANY. 
The principal part of the exhibit of the Division of 
Botany represented the working room of a seed laboratory, where 
seeds were tested to ascertain their purity and germinating ca- 
pacity. Commercial seeds, together with their impurities, were 
weighed in a pair of fine balances in order to find the per« 
centage of good seed, and from the good seed duplicate lots 
were carefully counted out and placed in a germinating chamber 
whose temperature was controlled by means of a thermo-regula* 
;^^tor. The records of purity and germination were kept upon blank 
forms prepared for that purpose. There was also exhibited a 
simple homemade apparatus for sprouting seeds, by which the or* 
dinary agriculturist can arrive at an approximate idea of the 
value of the seed he proposes to sow. The necessity for seed** 
control work in America was emphasized by the exhibition of 
samples of different commercial seeds purchased in the open 
market, some of which were mere screenings, consisting almost 
entirely of dirt and weed seeds, offered to American seedsmen 
by foreign dealers for the purpose of adulterating pure seed* 



lo anjBgfo aifOi'iBv edi to b:^bgO .Joot a'eaiori eri;t lo sesBsaii) 
ftIo.-tiio sficT lo ( a no i ? B.1- E3l in Btfi) anoiasi exi.+ anxworfa v/oo ari^t 

aciooei ri:txw swoo riolim lo ariqBiao^toriq egiBl nee^tiuC^I 
anir^OBq fens Bht&Y liooiE noinU lo sriqiJiaoSo/fq fceioIoO 



♦ YHATOS 'SO ?roi8ivia 

lo noieivia eri.t lo j-idJtrfxe eri-t lo cftsq iBqionitq eriT 

arteciw lYto^BiodBl beaa b lo mooi ani^lTow srfit bs^nsasiqsi ^n^^oS 

«so aniitBHiunss I)nB x3..\. .:^ -tledS ni&i'xeoEB oi betne^ etoTr zbes?. 

eT9w ^ssid-iiuqrnl ilsdi lijiw i9rf:t93o:r ,3b992 iBloiernmoO .Y^-^OBq 

«i9q edi bnti oi labio nx ssonBlBcf enll lo tlsq b nl bsd^lsw 

Biol BVBt^ilqnn ^'v- ^: r,.-,or> ^-i+ nK)T't "^^ ' f'--^-^- c-.-.--., t ,, ■ -s^jnao 

i9dnBr[o arriitBHinnba b isi bsoBlq tnB :tiiO i>9cfauo» Yliwle-iBO 9taw 

'•Blir39i-omi9A';J B lo saBBm y<^ l)9lIoi:tnoo sbw B'tuiBt^qm^i 9sorfw 

ilnBl6 noqu d•■■^A•^^ o^ie^/ noict .Gnifrr'isa fcni:j --^-ryq .,.; i.ir;.^.^,,-,. cdT .10? 

B i)9:tidi.iiX9 oalB aBw ei9rfT ♦saoq-iuq :)'Brf:f tol feaiBqeiq amiol 

-10 &dA AoLdw xd ,8f)99a sntcfs/o^rqs -col autBtacrcrs «»b.err!9morf elqirrie 

9rfcf lo B9i>i eizmtxQtqqi-. :. :,.j. 3vx'rj.,.:. ;..j i c^x .ii .-.: ;o. ...xa.. 

«bs9s lol x^^sisso&n erfT .wog o:t agaoqoiq ed feees ©ffd- lo eulBv 

lo [toiiididiie sri:? Y'"^ i)9s:xaBr{qnis sbw Bo.ft'^raA ni iftow Io*Yd"no:jt 

n9qo e'ii ni bsiMidoiuq abaaa lBlr)'ie::X". • ^ f' lil) lo nelcjnsa 

^aomlB anilaxanoo jaanlneotoa 9t9m e-iew rioirlw lo 9Kio3 ,;f9:J[tsin 

n9m3i)998 nsoiieraA ot bgtello jal}092 i)99-Rr bnB ;?il{) lo Yl9'ii;tn9 

.i>99a 9iL'q ^niiB-ieilubB lo saoqiuq eif^f toI aislBgJb nglg-rol ycT 



10? 



A class of inferior seed which is frequently found in American 
markets was illustrated by a sarcple purchased as yellow oat 
grass at $50 per 100 pounds, which consisted almost entirely of 
wood hair grass, worth about $10 per 100 pounds at wholesale. 

In addition to a collection of the seeds of various 
forage and other economic plants, weed seeds, and seeds used 
in medicine, in the arts and for food, was a fanning mill for 
cleaning small lots of seeds, accompanied by a case containing 
over 100 sieves of different kinds and sizes of mesh for sepa** 
rating impurities from good seed, and a seed-scratching machine 
from Denmark, so constructed as to break the seed coat enough 
to allow water to enter, without causing injury to the seed. 
The importance of sowing seeds of large size was strikingly 
shown. 

Three cases filled with life-size models illustrating 
the common species of edible and poisonous mushrooms, colored 
to represent the natural specimens, indicated the results of 
the investigations of the Department along this line. 

The remainder of the botanical exhibit was devoted 
to the illustration of the most troublesome weeds in such man- 
ner as to indicate the differences in the character of growth, 
manner of dispersion, and present geographical ranges of dif- 
ferent species, and, consequently, the different methods of 
eradication most applicable, 

DIVISION OP BIOLOGICAL SURVEY. 

The exhibit of this Division consisted mainly of gra- 
phic illustrations of (1) the geographic distribution of mam- 



xtBoi-tsmA nx bnuot \:L:fn9ispeit si dstdw feass totietrii "to r.aBj 

lo xi-e-^i;tn9 ^aoralB i)e;t3iafioo rfoirfw ,abn.uoq 001 leq 0S| :^j3 aasis 
.alBaeloiiw :t3 sf)auoq 001 isq 01$ tx/odB rf;ttow ,aaBia tisd i)oow 
3;roJ:t,sv 1:o abesa srfi lo rtoi^f oslloo b ocT noJ:;tlbi)B al 

'iol Ilim arrimisl s aBw ,i)ool -10I fjriB Blf.B qrfcf -il tSntotbeffi nl 

-L^qsa -fol riaem lo assis bnr, abniif Instoltllb lo ar.veig 001 isvo 

snirioBffl 3nJ:rio:tBi02-£)99a b Jd^ib ,boo3 boos mofi gsiJituqrai srt^:fi5T 

rfarjons ;tBoo bsea arl^t -ABs-id oi r.j3 be:f ou-^t....,;. 03 ,3liB£nneQ niCil 

,bi59a eii;r 0^ X-iulnl gniauBO .tjjoriiiw t*£9;tno o:t lei bw woIIb ocf 

^ISni:>IiiJa r^ijw ssia ssibI lo abesa §x^iwo8 lo ©onsctioqrai sr^T 






SnJ: ;,r ,ri- J a ill ix al&bom 9sia-9lil ridiw bollil eeaBO ssfriT 

bsioloo tKiaooTxfsfrm ai/oirosioq bn>s eld if>9 lo ss^oscra •rorf^.noo edt 

to artJii-^it r^r{j bo^soilia.;; i^.naaiLoeqz Is-miSiC, ^..> j-yc^^i-iqet ocf 

,QiilL airfvt ancljs .-^nsiaj-iaqsa arl^ lo ano x ;J 33! :f as vnl sri^ 

b8;Joveb sbw :ti:dlrtx3 lBoifii3*od erlcf lo tebnlBme'i ariT 

•*nijffi xfoya nx abosw emop.Qlduo-i:} ^taora erf^ 'io no .ii^rs-jc* c^o^j.^ edcr 0^ 

,rL^wo*i3 lo iQJoBiBrio sricT nx aaonsistlib eri'cr eitBoibxil o;t as ten 

-1:i:b lo aeanj3T iBOxiiqaisoss :rn9a9iq briB jno.fca-ysqajtb ^0 -ienn&m 

»9l6aoi-lqq& cTsom noi:;JBOib3i8 
.Yjivqnp JA0I9CJ0IH "50 IlOiaiVICt 



1U5 



raals and birds in the United States, and (2) the habits of the 
various species in their relations to agriculture, horticulture, 
etc. 

Among the chief exhibits were: 

A large group of Southern birds and mammals found in 
the Austroriparian zone, the life area including the greater 
part of the Gulf States, and extending up the Mississippi bot- 
toms as far as southern Illinois. 

Groups of large mammals, injurious or beneficial to 
agriculture, including a coyote attacking a sheep; lynx eating 
grouse; minks, weasels and skunks. 

Some injurious mammals of the Mississippi valley. 
Group of pocket gophers, showing underground galleries; manner 
of injuring crops and storing food. Common striped ground squir* 
rel, Richardson's ground squirrel. Prairie dogs. 

Eleven groups of birds and mammals illustrating food 
habits of each. Northern shrike or butcher bird hanging an Eng- 
lish sparrow on a thorn. Kingbird and nest in apple tree. Cedar 
birds feeding on destructive elm-leag beetle. Group of cuckoos 
illustrating their habit of feeding on hairy caterpillars, Eng« 
lish sparrows in peach tree showing birds destroying buds and 
blossoms, Grackles feeding in meadow. Owls, English sparrows, and 
robin. 

Groups of bobolinks showing breeding 'ptuiiaage of male 
and female and nest in a Northern meadow. Ricebirds or bobo* 
links in fall plumage, in a Southern rice field. 

Group of red-tailed hawks. Group of short-tailed mead- 
ow mice. 

Group of sparrow hawks feeding on grasshoppers and 
meadow voles. 



ax{;t 1o a>tidBfi &di (2) hna ^aeisiQ Jbs^tJtnU adi nJt 8 Jbt id bns eljsm 
^Qiir^tliroic^-iorl ,9tij;tIwoJ:iaB o;t BnoiiBiB^i ts.edi ni asiooqa sijoitjsv 

iQ'xew aitidJtrfxa 'ieirio Qdi '^nomk 
al bauot ^In-'^-^Bit: baa sS>*fid rtf^df'jos, lo qi/ois e^'^Bl iV 

'-jod iqqiaaiaaiM ©ri;? qw ^^f!J.i)n9;tX9 ban ,B9;tBct8 lli.r0 9d:t lo jtaq 

.si on Hi I nterlcfjjoa ae t&t a^ zmoi 

3ni:fB9 xn^gl jqssria b ani:2i"0B.:t:rB 8:^0^00 s aniisiilorti ,9*iij;?I{Joiia6 

.E3inj.n(p. bfT.e. sIe!^B9W , 33Cnim jsawcYg 
♦ v>;rj.^^>«? iqqiaaiaaiM t^ - n 1,5; i.uBfsi .iuOi ^-Ji,;.! 9m0c! 

lermBai jaai'^allBS iinuoiaisbnu ^jniwods ,8i9r{qoa ^s^iooq lo qwoiS 
«"ii]jp3 bauoT^ beqiiip. riommoO ,i)Oo!t anitoita bnB sqoio gniti^t^'^^ 'if^ 

.asob eltlatl .le'tiifjpa hnuotg s'aoaiDiBdoiH ..-;.;;■ 

isool 3r(i:fBto Bi/XIi: alsmcxBm dhb sfnld lo aquois nsvsia 

«an!E HB anignBfi b-ii<S ledoiisd to a-Ai.'^d?. nfodiSto'^l .dop.s lo a.tldsri 

^Bl>s^ ,B&ti alqqs ni iJssn Jdhb rri idaii-i-^^i .iriOiiJ is -o vv.QiiBqa dpAL 

aoo:?fojjo lo qjJOiL .oi;fe8d 5^91 -nils 9 7i:roirt:^a9l) no Qnibegl a/)T:id 

-j^sna ,s'iBlIJ:q"J9:tB0 \ji:i:Bii no snibesl lo .txdBri tisdi gnliBt^tanllJ: 

■o.iji (ibu6 ^atY,oi3p.sb sin i •. -liiworia ssi:? d0B9q at swo'xiBqa riall 

bfiB^swoTSBqa daJtlanS ,alw0 ,woi)BSra nl aail)99l aelJlOBiO ♦amoaaold 

♦nldoT 
slam lo y>ji>njjjlq ani]-;=^"vu MUj-vYo^iy 82lfi.L...u..v"i lo B'-^\.^k''-v 

•*odod 10 3irixd90iH ,woi)Bem nieriitioll i5 ni .^s9n fciiB 9lBm9l bns 
,.bf.9.':l soil nr-!erf:tnoR b ni jagBmuIq IIbI ni a>[nil 
«i3B9m bsIiB^-crio-o iu ':^^;o I.;; .^wc ;.•;.: >,.yj:J,B:?-i39i lo qsfOlx^ 

.eoim wo 
l)nB a*i9qqods8Bis no anxbS9l a:j{WBri woi'iBqa lo qwoif; 

• a9lov wol>B9ra 



109 



Gray ground squirrel of the Mississippi valley. Coop- 
er's hawk and flicker. Groups of mammals and birds of the arid 
deserts of the Southwest, 

Exhibit of insects commonly eaten by birds. 

Exhibit of food of hawks and owls. 

Large relief model of the United States colored to 
show the natural life zones, or areas inhabited by special 
groups of animals and plants, and suited to the cultivation of 
particular crops. 

Colored illustrations of prairie ground squirrels and 
gophers of the Mississippi valley, and hawks and owls of the 
United States, Numerous maps showing in detail the distribution 
of individual species of mammals and birds, some of the species 
being injurious and others beneficial to agriculture. 



DIVISION OF ENTOMOLOGY* 

The entomological exhibit covered the principal insect 
enemies of the leading staples, and comprised, exclusive of 
cotton insects, upward of 600 injurious species. These were 
grouped according to plants and animals affected, and related 
to some 50 orchard, field and garden crops, with parasites of 
domestic animals and household pests. There was also a special 
exhibit of the more important scale insects affecting fruit 
trees, and eight large cases representing injuries by insects 
to forest trees. With each of the insects illustrated, an ef- 
fort was made to furnish a complete object lesson of its life 



♦ ai)ii:d \d aeSss ^Inommoo BiosQiil lo :f.tdirfx3 

.5l-^o : --.\5 8?IWB.-f lo bool lo ?idir[x3[ 

c:^ haioloo ae^TBCfS beiiaU edi lo l9bom Isils^ saiBj 

lai oeqa ^c? i>9^idi5rini assiB 10 jsenos alii Ii5T[u*sa orft worfa 

• aqoio iBluoicfiiiq 
fonB al9-f*Tiupa bnuoia aiilatq lo aIIoiv*5■Ic*aJJX[.^ hetvOloO 

ericr lo alwo f..TK ;->ri?/6fI baw ,M9XIbv iqq.ts;^-..;,,:;^.'. f.iJ ^u o-!aiiqos 
no-'^i/di-:!:- 3ijD w.-l;? liBJd:) rrX gniworfa aqjsra aL-O'ismull »^ei&:ic. bQilnU 
asinsqe odi lo emoe. ^Bbtid bna alamm&m lo aftJ:o9qa l&ubtvlbtri to 



.YOOJOMOTHS -EO JlOIBIVia 

^osanl X^qxoni-iq srf:? f>9i9voo cTidirixs XBoXsoXomo:tne drfT 

lo evXauXoxo ,l)93iiqraoo ijna ,aeXqj3cfa a^xI)B9l edS lo aaixasfle 

eiew 989rfT .aeXosqa 3uoiii/[,nJc Ooa lo i>iBwqij ,a^oe8nX no.-?^oo 

i)8;tj3X9t hrfa ,r-.~^in ■-'5;'iB aXBiiiin.. . ::.v. r:..-.:ij.Q oi aniiJtoooa S}Qqiioi^ 

lo sa^fiaBiiiq liiiw ,aqoio nsXciBa bciB bis it <i)iBrfoTo 05 smoa oi 

XBXogqa B oaXB 3BW 9^eriT .a^tasq nXorfeauori bnB aXsmXnii ol* asitiob 

cfirr-t ■q.-^'-^'-.eiiB a^fDsani sXbss cJas^toqcai s'lom eri:J lo Jidirixs 

a^toss.ix \(S aei-^i/taX 8ni:tn989iq9T aaaso ssibX cfdaxe Jbrrs ,3991;? 

-l8 nfi ,i>9;tBi;J8wXIJ. sJosani ariJ lo dose dSlW ^see't3 ♦as-rol oi 

9lil eii lo aoaaaX ios[,do s^siqrooo b deimi/l 0+ ebism aii'<v' .tiol 



history, including examples of the injury done by it and an ex- 

hibition of its insect enemies and parasites, together with 

brief directions for remedial treatment and references to sources 

of fuller information. Insect enemies of cotton received spec- 

t 

ial attention. This part of the exhibit included upward of 300 

insects which occur on cotton and affect it either injuriously 
or beneficially. Of chief importance were two well-known cot- 
ton insects, the cotton worm and the bollworm. These, with oth- 
er species, including the cotton-boll weevil, which has assumed 

special importance in the last year or two, were grouped togeth- 

Tiie 
er about an enlarged wax model of the cotton plant. In connec- 
tion with them were wax models illustrating characteristic in- 
jury due to the bollworm and to the cotton worm. The bollworm 
exhibits included a collection of blown larvae illustrating dif- 
ferent stages, and a series of moths representing males and fe- 
males; samples of injured bolls, showing different forms of 
a' 
damage; wax models illustrating injury to blooms, squares, bolls, 

and leaves; colored figures illustrating the insect in differ- 
ent stages, and its injury; and a wax model of a spray of cot- 
ton illustrating different forms of injury already enumerated. 
Among the other chief exhibits of this Division were: 
A panel of insect enemies of citrus plants, compris- 
ing six boxes, illustrating the chief insects affecting orange, 
lemon, etc, with a number of bromide enlargements representing 
work with the insecticides in orange groves. 

The hop louse was illustrated by greatly enlarged 
models of the different stages of the insect, and a wax model 
of the hop plant, representing healthy growth as contrasted with 



-xs rjB Dhb .tl Yd enoi) Yi-u(,nl erfi lo aalqaiBxs gaibnloni ^^noJairf 
j^j tseiJia^ifiq jjns asimens ;to9ani acTi lo nox;Jidxri 
asoiifos oi 8900919191 bn^ :fn9in;?j39icf l&ibQmei lol anoi;to9'ii:I) l9xid 
-0998 i)9vxeo9i noctcToo'^o seimsna ;tonp.rfI ,noi:tBmiolni isXIul to 
COS io JbiBwqu bebuloni Jiairixe 9rf:t lo jiBq sirfT ^mlineiia L&i 
XlQisoitulnt iBdilQ it ^ToottB baa aoiioo no ijjooo rioirfw a^oeani 
-;foo awon3C-Il9w ovv^ 919W soriBcTioqmi tglrfo 10 .Yllsiailengd 10 
-^dio !:;.;« ,9s9flT ,raio-aflloa sd^ lh^ nnow noJcJoo 9r{:f ,ad09ani no^ 
i)9miJaaB 8i5ri xioiriw ,Xiv99w IIod«no;t;tuo -.riJ snibwlonl ,a9i09q8 to 
-d^e^o^t &9qyoi3 sievi' .owrf 10 -m^l :?gbI 9ffJ ni aonBcrioqici Ibj. :..... 
"" -^ • . - ,ijci aoijoo gfii to iQCOitj xBw i)9ai^In9 ns iiso6B -la 

-nl oi-JanecfoBiBxio ^atisiiQuLlt al9bora xbw 9i9w m9ii;t rfJiw nol^ 
rniowlio-f e.'IT .STTOv/ no.?:too 9ri;t oi bnis mowllod 9rfc^ 0;? eub x^^'^l 
-Hi) ^-'-^-^^^ -*:5iiX-Li 93V1SI awoLd lo nol^Toalloo s i>9bi/Ioai a;tidir{x9 
-el bn& s6lBm ani^n9a9iq9i axicfoca lo a9ii9a s bn& ^ae^Ais ;tn9i9l 
lo Bffitol ;rfi9i9llii) ani'f/Offa ^aXIod baintni lo aelqrasa ja9l3m 
«....;-., J, 3 e-iBi/pa ,30ioold oi 'iiulni ^ntiB-Haulli al9i>ora xbw ; 9gBmBfo 
"tsllib ai :t093nJ: 9f{;f 3nx;tBict8JjIIi aaiusil bgtoloo ;a9VB9l bns 
-cfoo lo ^siqa b lo lafjon xbw b bns ;^i.ut,ni ?,.11 bn>^ ^aeaB^a cfna 
.b6*i3i9mua& Yi)B&iI.o vii-'unx lo aaitol iaeteX'tib anicTBi^ajJlIi no) 
:8iew itotaJtyid aJ:ri.t lo 3;tldiilx9 teido isd;?o adcT anoiaA 
-aiiqjEOO ea^fiBlq 3jji;JJ;o lo astfiBns :ro9anJt lo l9fiBq A 
tsaaato vjniioallB a^toeani l&i:ao a^i^ a-^^-t^^i^sJ^-tXi t«^9Xod xia gal 
aiix:tn9S9'£q9*x acf rrsin 9 ^iBln 9 sbiraoid lo i9dmjjn b dcTxw ,o:f9 jnoin9l 

.a9vo"rp, -•T(,TBio ni QebiolioQBal ^^f-f <Ulw -Atow 
i)9§"XBXn9 Yl'^^eia ^<^ bejB'iJsjjXXx 2bw sauoX qori ©nT 
X9bom XBW B bas ,;f098ni Qdi lo a9aB;r3 ;Jn9i9lli:b &di lo aX9b0ffl 
rfctXw b9:t2Biw+aoo aB ri;twoia Y^-'^lBsii ?5nl Jnsaeiqei ,;rrfBXq qori sdi lo 



ill 



the injury resulting from the hop louse; six boxes illustrating 
insects affecting canes, small grains, and live stock. 

Insects affecting truck crops and insects affecting 
forage plants, with wax models of clover, tomato, potato and 
strawberry, illustrating these plants and the work of the insect 
upon them. 

Comprehensive exhibit of the insects affecting Indian 
corn, both in the growing state and as a stored product, with 
a life-size model of the corn plant in wax as a center piece. 

The more important insecticides, with brief direc- 
tions for their preparation and application. 

Common insect enemies of forest trees. 

Insects affecting fruits and fruit trees, with models 
in wax illustrating injury to various fruits by insects. 

The more important scale insects affecting fruit trees 
and an exhibit of the principal silk-producing moths, with en- 
larged anatomical models of the chinch bug, the domestic silk- 
worm, the honey bee, and the cockchafer; also a box illustrating 
common household pests. 

Series of maps showing the distribution of insects of 
prime importance, 

DIVISION OP VEGETABLE PHYSIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY. 

In the exhibit of this Division four plant diseases 
were selected, the object being to show the steps taken in in- 
vestigating the various problems connected with the work of the 
Division. For instance, the malady known as "die-back" of the 
orange was shown to be due to the presence of certain nitrogen- 



bnB o':3.-tog ,o:?Bjro.^ ,T5^voXo 1o alsbom kbw ii:tJ:^ jS^rrBlq 93^-10! 

♦ rnerlct noqu 

,90siq t9;tneo b a.s xsw rti in&lq moo eri^ lo IsIjocs ssia-slil B 
-ot^iifo IdX'fd rCiJlw ,39Moi:tco3nJ: ^riBcT-ioq/ni e'lOft! 9iiT 

»QQO'ii iBQ-iot I0 asiKH&n^ Joeeni nornmoO 
n!l9bom .rftiw ,39S-£:t Hint brf.B acfi.OTt T:,nit09t.^.B g:f09anl 

ae9t;t ;tijj'il '^nlioslts zio&sai. sIbde JnB.ttoqmi 9-rom ariT 

«ns ii;Jivr ,ari;?om anioubotq-^IXia l&qi.orJiq eriJ lo ^tidirixe nB bn& 
•^■ilia oi J a 9X301) 9xi:t tS^cl donido erii :■.> .i.>:t)i;om iB^^iusocrsnB i)6s^iiX 

anjt:?ST[;taiiIIi xod b oalB ;-£9^Br(o:?looo 9xfJ bne ,99d Tj9nofl Qdi ^artovr 

,3:tBeq rjlodeaworf nomrnon 

.eonjsj'icqmi smiitq 

»Y{)OJOHTA«I at'IA YT)OJ.OI?A'H'a ajaAT^DZV '"'J.C HOI SI VI Q 

39aB93Xi> inslq tuol noiaivia aidi lo i Ldidxe edt nl 

-ni ni neilB:? aqa^ta 9ri# worfa o;^ gni ed :f09tdo edi ,1)9^09198 8i9V 

erii IQ 2i"tow Slid d:3lw isQCtounnco ameldoiq auo ••-*■--" ^'ri* anl:tBai:?a9v 

arivt "io "jIOBd-gii)" aa nwon^i ^bBlBci 9rf;J ^ooriBJani to*? .noiaivlC 

-ngaoic^in niB:ti90 lo eoaeaaiq ed;i oi eub 9d 0* nworfa aBw 93r■i:B^o 



112 



ous compounds in the soil, and its peculiar characteristics 
were illustrated by means of colored plates, drawings, and pho- 
tographs. Specimens of the disease were also exhibited, so 
that anyone interested could follow the various stages from be- 
ginning to end« Following these were shown the various appa*- 
ratus used in investigating the disease. Photographs of the 
division laboratory and its accessories were included in this 
part of the exhibit. The effects of different amounts of water 
on plants were shown, together with those of different nutri- 
tive matters. 

The most important class of diseases treated was that 
produced by bacteria, illustrated by showing the results of in- 
vestigations in pear blight, a disease which has annually caus- 
ed a widespread damage to the pear crop for many years past. It 
was demonstrated that through the efforts of the division the 
cause of this disease has been determined and means of check- 
ing its ravages have been discovered. The pear-blight exhibit 
showed the general apparatus used in studying bacterial dis- 
eases, such apparatus comprising the microscope, the dishes, 
etc, for making artificial cultivations, gelatin tubes, broths, 
etc, containing the food supplies for the minute germs. Follow- 
ing this were actual cultures of the pear-blight microbe grown 
in artificial media. The effects of blight were shown by pho- 
tographs, colored illustrations, etc, with the method of com« 
bating the disease. 

Another type of disease shown in the exhibit was that 
produced by fungi, a type of which is the so-called watermelon 
wilt, which is only too well known in the South, This disease 
was shown to have been produced by the minute fungus which at- 



•*o.rfq bi..^ ,tjaniTff/>*if> ,89;JBlq jbe-'.'-."'''-. "-o --nf^f-"^ ^id i)9?BT:^swII ^ fvr.^w 

03 , 1)9 iia'xnx© oaXB siaw saiisaii) 6x1^ lo saamJioaqS .aflq^o'iaoc? 

•-srf fsoi^ QB-gsiiii auoltBv edi wollol Mwoo oei saieial Q[ioy,a& isdi 

-Bqqs aiJoiiBV sdi nworis 9i9w sasrf;^ grtt'.Trir ro'5 ,biie oi ^rfinnig 

sri;? 1o ariq^sigo^Off*? .sajsesii) arl;^ gnlo js^i- aavni ni bezis Quis'T. 

aidi ni bebuloni eiaw a8i*£oaseooB aJi fcns Y-io;tBiod£;I noxaivil) 

•■iiitirn cfnsiellxi) lo saori:* ri.-tlw ierf;t830;j' ^nworla aiow sc^n^Iq no 

,ai9:t-*Bra svl5 

cfBflj ssw i>e*B9i^ ?.98B9stb lo ssslo ^J-nBcJioqmx .^p.r.fft eiiT 

-nl lo eJIijaeT sri^ gnxY/orfa -^^d i)9;tB'x^Ei;XIJ: jSiiaJOBd ^^d b90ijboiq 

"•auBO Y-ilBunnB SBri rioidw eaBsaib b ,^fi3xld iB9q ni anoxctBaxcTaav 

*I .;taBq s*X£9\j ^nBai fol qo"^'-' ■^-r'^rr arf^ ct saai- s^ fc^;,:i-rqRrih.f:w b 6a 

adi iiolalvtb edS 1o ac^tolie &rlJ rf3i/oiri;t itBru* iJsJii-i-'ariorateiD aBv; 

'^zloedo lo 8riB9m bxiB b9rrimii^:t9b ne9d aBri 93B9aifc airij 1o 9siJB0 

;tidxrfx9 d'riaiXd-'ftjeq -> 'T ♦baisvooslh rr^f^d ■■.vad aoi'BVBf sJ-t r^nJ: 

«3X.b L&l-iQiDi^d ■^ni^bijia nl beats BuiiJ'^Bqqs iBieiiOs ^^d^ xjovfona 

,39iiBXfc sdi ,eqoo30-ioxm &di snialiqraoo ajid"BiBqqB rioua ,ae8B9 

f»rf-:^o*Td »a9djjcf ni^islea ,anot:fBvt " ri..o .r^i'-:^ l/^i^ts BrriTl^cT loT: ,c;?9 

-"/oXIo*? .snneg gitunim eri;^ ^o1 asilqqua i>00A aiij snXfiXiSjiico jO^ts 

nwoia 9do-oi(n ;frf§iId-tB9q eiicf lo seiiuiLsso laaioa 9isw airiiJ a^i 

-ffico 20 fcori^TaiK 9rf;f ri^iw ,oc?9 ,anox:?i;-icf8Ulii 133'. ,>j.oo tariqaiaoj 

.eEBe;?xf) 9d;J ani^sd 

;tBri:J as// iididKe edi '?f. iT.Tor{?:; 9<iBe?^^. 'i-. ftcfvi Tsrf.-ro.'^A 

rtolaifl-^g^BW b9lls0"0s b.ic? ai rioifi?/ io i^q\:j b «Xijnifl ^^a beouboiq 

98B9aii) airiT ,diuoE sdi ni nwon2£ Hew ooct ^Ino ai rfolriw ,;tliw 

«H*B rinirlw aiTgnJil sitirnim 9ricr yd f>eni;ho-rc- rrrsd ovbiI oi nwoiia aBW 



113 



tacks the stem of the,^ jg;Lanti .a^d so affects it that it is unable 
%p obtain water. As a result the vines first wilt and then 
soon dry up and die. Methods for investigating and treating 
this di^ei^s-f ^^re also shown. 

The exhibit also displayed the different fungicides 
which have been found by long experience to be the most effica- 
cious in the destruction of the fungus s^nd .fungous spores which 
come in contact with cultivated plants, and to effect such de» 
struction without injuring the plants themselves. The various 
ingredients of these fungicides were also exhibited. 

Wax models of diseased and healthy citrus fruits were 
shown, together with colored maps illustrating the distribu« 
tion of the various diseases in Florida. The principal diseases 
of cotton were illustrated by means of colored paintings, which 
showed different stages of the diseases known as anthracnose, 
root rot, blight, etc, also, piodels of diseased and healthy 
bolls. There were also enlarged photographs and maps, illus««» 
trating the distribution of various diseases in the United 
States generally, and their effects as seen in the field, and 
large photographs showing machinery at work in applying the 
fungicides, and illustrating the beneficial effects resulting 
from the application pf such remedies;. 

DIVISION OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS. 
The exhibit of this Division was neatly arranged in 
a pagoda and three large cases. The roof of the pagoda was sup- 
ported by eight glass columns, each filled with a separate grade 
of sand, silt, and clay, which make up the texture or framework 
of most agricultural soils. Inside of the pagoda were a number 



nericf Dhb ^liw .^atn aenJtv erf^f ^tlnae- b aA .ia:?BW niBtdo oi 

,nwori3 osXb 8-:f9W eaasaib ^idi 
aeMoisnwl: tfnoieltii. sri^r .beYBlqaif) oaXs ndicixs sriT 
-Boxlle ^8om ^iU ed o:f eonQl-Tsqxe ynol ^d inwot need ovBd rioid^ 
rfoiriw as^roqa ai/oamr^ ftnB fiugrii;! sdi lo no.t.-o«i.taei> eri:t rrl auoiio 
-81:^ dou8 joslle Oct hnB .airiMlq be^BViiliw dn^ ^OBiaoo ni eraoo 
a^oiiBv erfT .aevleam8ri;t ^insla ^^, anl^utni ii;od;?iw noiio.;^;ra 
.bsitdhixs oei^ t)'i97/ a3i)xoiani/l oaaricT lo a^tneibotani 
etew a:tiir-rl af;i:txo xd^Bed bna bsaBsaife lo alaDom xbW 

-udit^aiD edcf sn^^si^aulli aqBin betoloo rftiw 'i9d:faso.t ,m^oda 

rfoixiw ,aani.tniBq bstoloo lo aassm vd be^iutiBulli e^e, nocTcfoo lo 

tOsonoBirfcrnB aa mvon^ aea^Sciii, ed^J lo aeaB;t8 irtBtBtltb jbeworfa 

^rf.^r-Bed bHB bea&ePAb -to alaj^orn oalB .o?9 .idgtld ,foi ^oof 

«3i/Ili ,3qBm bas Qdqsi^^oiodq bQ^t&ltiQ oalB 9T9W a-?9dO' .allod 

l>s:tinU 9.1^ ni BeaBaalb mioftBr -to no i;f jjdi-Mai,, ..^.j ^nliBti 

bn.B ,bl&n edi ni naea a^ aJo.>ris 'liari* DriB .^IlBtsnea ascTB^tg 

eiict ani^cXqqa xii :itow ^b vienxdoBm gniworia adqa-rgo^Oiiq e^tBl 

anxilnaai 8;t09rr9 iBxonaned 3d:f mi^s^tinulll bm. .aebxoianul 

• asifcema-i do up, lo aoicfBOlIqqB ad;? raoil 

ni iiaanB-xiB ^I^^en 3bw iioxc^ivia &..n:r lo -tidxdjca edT 

-qna aBW BDogBq edi lo looi adT .aeaao saTBl se^d^ bctB Bfio^Bq b 

sD-B'ia scTBtBqaa b rf;tiw foalin rioBs .a/muiloo t.aBis ^tnaxa yc^ fcacfioq 

2iiow8rnBtl '£0 ^-xu^xa^ erf.^ qu ^-^.Bm doldw ,xbIo fcnB ,^Ixa .bns^ Ho 

ladffiL'n B aiaw bDosbq ari;^ lo aManI .aXioa iBiir.^Iusx-iSB Jaom lo 



114 



of 3-gallon glass bottles containing water, to illustrate the 
amount of water in a cubic foot of some of the principal types 
of soil adapted to different classes of crops. There was also 
a large cube of soil, with a wax model of a tobacco plant and 
a description of the principal physical properties of the soil. 
In other cases were exhibited eight different grades of sand, 
silt and clay in the exact proportions in which they are found 
in soils adapted to certain of the principal crops. This was 
designed to illustrate the marked difference in the texture and 
physical properties of the soils adapted to different crops, 
and to thus enable the farmer or planter to suit his planting 
to the soil. For instance, the exhibit showed that the truck 
soils of the Atlantic coast are composed largely of sand and 
contain a very small percentage of clay and but little or none 
of the coarser grades of sand. The effect of this was shown 
in the amount of water maintained by these two types of soil. 
The truck soil, owing to its loose, light texture, allows water 
to percolate through it rapidly, and maintains but a small a- 
mount for the use of crops, while the strong clay soil, by of- 
fering a far greater resistance to the descent of water, main** 
tains a much larger amount for the use of crops. These more 
moist conditions are found to be favorable to such plants as 
grass and wheat, which require a long, uniform growing season 
in which to gather from the soil and atmosphere a large amount 
of food. The drier conditions in the truck soil are not favor- 
able to the production of so large a crop, but the crop matures 
early in the season, when there is no competition from the crops 
on the heavier soils. 



^8q^c^ lsqi:T^nk'1q ^^Lt to <?m08 to -tocl .Dl-Trrr.. .. ,-w- «..^^^ io crnwoxoi^ 
oalB RBW 9-i9r:v .aqo-^o .0 asaaBlo crna-i^^nii) oj i3sJq3i)B IJ:oa lo 

ibn^ cTnsIq ooo&doi b lo Inborn xaw b rfcfiw .Jios to sdiro ^rriBl b 
.1108 er[,t to QBUteqoiq iBoi^^riq iBaiont-.-. -.,^,t ^o rioliqi-ioaeb b 

.bnsB 10 aehBis crne'iellii) :tdsxa DeJidxriXo aisw aaaao teriio nl 
bfiirot s-iB Yerf^t fiaiflw nJt artoi jtoqo-xq cfoBxe srfJ ni ybIo finB ^Ils 

aBW .3iriT .aqoto Isqioniiq srl:; •riB.tT h-^iqBbs alioc. a. 

,3qoio ^n9i9ltift o.t bectq^bB slioa srfcT "io 89i;?i9q0'iq laoia^riq 
anicfn-alq axri cfli/a ot "'9^ffr,rcr -n •tefiriBt A.';t ^,r,i...^ ^,,,^^ ^^ ^^^ 

briB biiBQ I0 Yle3i.sl bsaoqmoo eiB ip.BOo oUnaliA @di lo alioa 

■'''''' "'"" "■'-'^^ -^' "'•■»'■*■■-' an'T ..bniia lo esIsB-'fa -isaiBOo 5Hrfcf to 
♦ lios to e^qxi owi aasrt;^ ^cf fienlBctniBm -iscrBw to ^nnotrB 9d;t ni 
tejfBW 3W0IIB ,e'?i/^xe:f ■^^T'il ,©?ooI s^l 0- -.^^wo ,1 '--^ .-'T 

-^ ilsmz ... .i.... c;'.A>.,;^:>:5n: i3n.^ ,A;iDlqBi ^i ri^uoiiicT eiBloo'ieq oi 
~lo Y'rf tlxoB XBl'j anoT:f8 9rf:t elirfw ^aqo-ro td sai; &rf:t -cot cfnjjcm 
--niBm »-?9cfBW to cfrfeoaai) srf:^ o:^ ooniic^Rxa^-f -.rf^-.-^:. ■ ... .^,^i^9t 
etcin S39fiT .aqcio to eas. eri^ -loi ;?;njo.r^ la^iBl rloirm b anlBCf 
8B sJfTBlq rious o;r eldBlovst ed c? fmuol e-iB ar!Oi;tif)noc ;taiom 
no2B8a aniwoig m-TOtlnu ,-irrcI ,g e-irrnAf {-rf^w ,4^,^:^^ h^^ aaB-xg 
t^-'^^O'-aB es-iBl B s'xsriqouf'ijja jjifB ixus -.u rao'xt lerii^Bg ocT rfoiiiw ni 
-loVBt iion e-fB lioa ::iOL-icr Bdi tit ^aombhoo leiii) srfT .boot to 
aefii-^Bm qoto eKct -^ucf .qoio b egiBl os to FX>lSt^ubo'i.q edi o,t elda 

-viiiioo on si s'iedi noriw ,noaB88 sdi ni \1ibs 

.8i.t08 19 Jt vBer{ Qdi no 



J X ,y 



115 



Different types of tobacco soil were shown, for the 
purpose of illustrating the very important influence of the tex- 
ture and physical properties of soil on the development and 
type of tobacco. The bright tobacco soils of the South are found 
to have a texture very similar to the truck soils of the Atlan** 
tic Coast, and produce a small plant with a thin-textured leaf 
which cures to a fine golden color, if properly treated. The 
heavy shipping tobaccos are grown upon much heavier soils, con- 
taining a considerably larger percentage of clay, and are much 
more retentive of moisture than the bright tobacco lands « 

The texture of the sea-island cotton soil exhibited 
was quite similar to that of the truck soils already mentioned. 
This soil is now used very generally for the trucking interest. 
The best type of upland cotton soil was shovm to be stronger 
than the sea-island soil, containing from 20 to 30 percent . 
of clay. A soil containing less clay than this, or maintain- 
ing less moisture than such soil normally does, is found to 
produce small plants, which put on a quantity of fruit in pro- 
portion to their size, and give a relatively small yield per 
acre, while a soil containing considerably more clay generally 
produces large plants and a luxurious growth of the vegetable 
part of plants, but with little tendency to the production of 
fruit. 

DIVISION OP POMOLOGY. 
The exhibit was intended to familiarize growers and 
the general public with the wide range of fruit species and va- 
rieties grown in the United States, and to direct their atten- 
tion to the importance of selecting proper varieties for plant- 
ing in different sections of the country, as the South. To ac*» 



JLX 



Qdi "TO"? ^n^.'Off?; C3-T9W I.tcs o^OBdo;t to 29qy:t ;tnsT9^1i(T 
-xac? 9;ij ^o sonisijj-iiii jni£^>rxoqni.i. -{lev siij- ;ijniiBT;f ai/Iii lo eaoq-iifq 
Mb *i"t9mqol9vsb srid- no IJtoe to BeiitQqo'rq l&ois\dq bnB ©ii.;;? 
Dnfjol eiB rf.+ rro8 erii Jo alios ooD.sdod" jn'sltd eriT .ooosdoJ lo sq"^;? 

IboX baiJjJxsit-niriit b riitiw ^nslq ilBm.& & Bouboiq hns ,;f8ao0 oii 

>«noo ,8lioa Tsii^^wn livuixi nuqij itwu-j^ ■:i'jj5 aoDoscfocf Qniqqixis ^vjeeri 
jiouin 9ts fcnB tXBio to e-g&ineo'^eq legrfsl ■'^dsisJbianoo s -^nlnl&i 
.aforiBl ocojsdo;J iJif^itd sdi nsd:i siuctsiom lo eviins^si eiooi 
f)s;tidirixb ^..:.^?; uoJctoo I)n£j. iii^ijec erict to «''[j;?xe;f erIT 

♦ cfseie^ni: j^niJloiri;! i--n.-* 'iol: ^■^■^£^'^©^98 y'^'-'>v heau won st. li; ~ aiilT 

ibijno uffj 9d Oil :ivvl:-;; ati.v xioa noi^OD fonBlqu lo ^^'^i.^ c. :pu sdT 

JriooTeq 0€ oi OS morfl aniniBitnoo jlioa bnjaXsi-seR en'u iiArliJ 

"-nisc^nlBm *to ,3irict nBrI;t ^JSl!^ ^89l TirfiniBd-noo Hob P^ .y«Is ^o 

o:r Jonijo'l ai: ,s©oi> yXIbgiioh .-..ivci ijj:.^ nBiict eTi/JalORi 88 el gni 

-oiq nJt ;Jiiiil lo Y^i^^Bup b no ;JiTq rioxriw ,8JnBlq I.lBm& eoxifcoiq 

tsq M9iY J'Isrna x^&vtiBlet s evJts Mb jssia if-Qsii Oi" noiirioq 

YXlBi;9n9s ybIo eiora xXdBiebianoo gniniBCfnoo j.jui; .s eli.dw tS-sos 

eldB^si^ev f)ri;t "io ricfwoig awoiiuxul s i>nB a;tnBlq eaiBl aeoubo'iq 

lo noidfoirboiq srfcf oi Tjonsfori&J 9l.t.til. ri:tiw ^ud ^BinaLq lo itTaq 

.Y^D0JOMO<! ^50 i^oiaivici 

bnB a-sewots ssiiBilinjB'i oi b&bn&int sbw :Jidlrix9 »xiT 

"-Bv bfiB aeiosqa ^Jti/'il lo sshbt: ebiYT 9n:t riw+iw otlduq iBienss sri* 

•necfc^B •ii9ri;t ;f06iib vi hna ,a0iBJ8 i39;tj:n>: '■ "•■ - ■-r^ asi^eiT 

-^tnBlq lol aeiJeiiBV 'laqoiq ■§^niio&J.&& to QonBJioqmi orid' o*''' noiit 

«-0B oT «ri^jJ08 Qdi a& ^xni casoo adi lo anoi^tosE Jfi©-£8llli) al i^ai 



116 



complish this end, fruit models of more than 1,300 specimens, 
together with water-color paintings, photographs, fresh fruit, 
and living trees, were exhibited. These gave an opportunity for 
the comparison and estimation of the relative value of the dif- 
ferent varieties for planting in different sections. The process 
of fruit modeling in the various stages of the work was also 
illustrated. Experiments in the preservation of fresh fruits 
in carbonic acid gas and vapor of alcohol were carried on dur- 
ing a portion of the time. 

The following is a brief catalogue of this exhibit. 
On a live Florida orange tree were exhibited models 
of blossoms and fruit illustrating various stages of development 

from the unopened bud to the ripe orange. 

■n 
Photographs of species of the grape native to North 

America, 

Methods of illustrating fruits and description of the 
operations of the Division of Pomology. The water-color paint- 
ings, photographs, and descriptive sheets were preserved for 
future reference. These are exact life size of specimens re- 
ceived; they are used in the identification of specimens, also 
in the illustration of the publications issued by the Depart- 
ment. 

Collection of models of leading fruits grown in North 
America. Models are exact duplicates in size, form and color, 
of the originals. Different specimens of the same variety il- 
lustrate the variations observed in different sections of the 
country, probably due to differences in the soil, climate, and 
cultural methods. 



tsnemiosqs 005,1 nBii^ eiom lo sXaiiom Stint ,i5n© aJtrid- riailqmoo 

,^i:uil ri89t'i ^Bdqsisoiodq ^esni^nisq *?oXoo-19;Jbw diin ibd^e^o^ 

lot Y^^-^nji.tioqqo na 9VBg 93^?'T . hs.-tidirfxft fitsw ,89eT:f %ntvli hnB, 

««lii) Sii:)' to eulBv avtislei enJ lo nois j-inii^sG jonii itOBii.eiqnoo sri;? 

aaeooiq srfT ♦anoiJosa ^n9-:j-8llii) nl gniinBlq ^ol 89lJt^j:^i3V Instal 

^ ;....... aBW :£iOT«r ericT It MA\i.8>ts 3U0i*iBV firfcf rJ. -^nilsboin "r.irf't lo 

a^xu-il rieail to noicTiiV'xt.as-iq ericT ni sitietziiGq-^i »bii3&izzu.Lj.s 
-^u£> no i>6iiiB0 stew Xorio oIb lo loqav hns bbs l)ios oinochBO nl 

,r'mi:r 3d:i: lo noi.+ -Joq fs sni 
♦ ^idirixe 8irf;t lo eugolB^BO lex-id b ai anxwoiiol erix 
sioi5ora b9?idiiix9 9i9w ©ei^ eanB-xO Bfciiol'l ovlX s nO 
;^r; :,-.ryr,.r^-^^ ?=egii»J8 aDoiT'-«v :'s^i ^ Gi:? RuXX i ;tiij*tl f)nB emoRSOXd lo 

.s^ni^-io t^qli dilJ 0^ Disd l^enaqonu onj moil 
ricftoH o;t evJfc^Ba eqja-xa ericT lo a9io9q3 lo eriqBiso^ori*? 

.BoiiemA 

arl:^ lo noi;tqxi039i) bn& 8;^xiJil ^aiiBiiaiili:. iC vjnunjai'i 

-;fnxBq ioXoo«-'i9cfBW sriT .^goXomoq lo nolaxvia erict lo EfiolcTBTsqo 

lol bev-f939-iq stew a^esria sv! .:rqitop.8!) hns ,ariq.^:''so:torff^ r^^nl 

-9t snsffixogqa lo ezla glJtX Jobxs 9t£. 9S9ii"' , r.on^-i; lo-i y-.-Jul 

oaXB tsnemiosqa lo noiiBoniinabi edi ni h&EU eiB ^sdt ;b9vl60 

-^i-rsqea QdJ y,d beusat eiioi;^i>oxXdx/q edi lo noJt:tiit;r8iiXXi edi ni. 

rf^toH nx nwot^ adi/Jtl sniJbseX lo aXsbora lo noi^tosXXoO 

,toXoo briB ffitol .QSiL'^ r-j: RfirtBotlqirl) :toBX9 9tB sX9i)0M .BOitemA 

-Xi >:cr©itBV 8niBa en;? lo a.ismxoeqs ^natelliCI .aXBnijiX'iO HiiJ lu 

9rl:t lo anox;Jo9a ineieltib a'l bevtssdo anoiJBXtBV edi elBtctsuX 

i)riB ,e.friffliXo ,XiO£ edi ni sonnp-rellib oJ ©t/b YidBdotq ,Yt.-tnjJoo 



117 



Models in progressive stages of completion illustrate 
ing the process of modeling; also the principal materials and 
implements used. 

The exhibit of fruits and nuts was renewed from time 
to time during the Exposition. 

The preservation of fresh fruits in carbon dioxide 
was illustrated. 



DIVISION OP AGROSTOLOGY. 

A beautiful collection of grasses admirably illus- 
trated the work of the Division of Agrostology, whose duty it 
is to investigate the natural history, geographical distribu- 
tion, and uses of grasses and forage plants, their adaptation 
to special soils and climates, and the introduction of promis«« 
ing native and foreign kinds. 

This division, having been only recently established, 
its exhibit was limited to a single stand, with specimens of the 
more important grasses and forage plants which are or might be 
grown in the South, 

OFFICE OP FIBER INVESTIGATIONS. 

The Office of Fiber Investigations brought together 
a collective cotton exhibit, including a series of 320 speci- 
mens, A series of cotton saoples showed the progressive stages 
in the farm industry from the cotton boll to the baled lint, 
in the manufacturing industry from the open lint to the cloth, 
and in the cottonseed-oil industry from the seed to the refined 



1.x 



bnB f:^;..,.. •-:♦ -■«•' Tar 






,1)931/ e^fierasXqcrtf. 
»Jb3;tBt:^3iJlIi: aaw 



.YOOJOTSOHrOA -^.0 TfOISIVIfl 



f'-n r- a A i> •■-■ tf -V o ~ .■•>, rf .-• i- ■' »■( .J. f 



^i -^Jiii) 0£0iiv/ t-^^a*^>ioifiO-i^ io noiaivia edit lo :(-^j(ow .^rfj Jbd;ti5T^ 
*<EiffiCi'iq io iioi JouLo'i^iii 9iiv1 bnB ^aeJ i^milo buB alios iBXoeqe oi 

ed Sri-^lm -to &'I3 rfoiriw scfaslq 9ai3T:ol bnB x^sae^'x^ JriB^tioqirii e-fcm 

♦ SWOITASITBSVIfl Haai*? ^0 liDl'^^0 

t©rf:toao.t cTri^jjoid enoi^BBiJ'ae vnl ladJ:'? to aolttO erfT 
'"ioaqa 0S£ to asi-ief, ., ...d'bjjloni ^^Ldidxp, aoi:too byHo^LIov- :., 
aeascTa sviaaetaonq ari^t irtsworfs 8©IcpiJ8 no;t;too to ssiiaa A .ansai 
,*nii. bsljsd 6r£;t o* Ilod no.-t:roo (tdi rao'il in^subni m-fB'^. erf;? nJ: 

Jbanilei: ariJ o;J Leea en;} moit ^td'a.ubnjt Iio-.bo98no:t.too 9ri;t ni bnjs 



118 



oils, soaps, etc. There was also a large and interesting col- 
lection of lint cotton, representing every important cotton 
country. 

The other exhibits of this Division may be briefly 
catalogued as follows: 

Illustrations of the flax industry. Series of flax 
straw samples; "object lesson" panel showing processes from flax 
straw to fiber; series of American flax sairples, showing the 
difference between growing for seed and for fiber; foreign sam- 
ples imported for manufacture; series showing American flax manu- 
facture, flax threads, crash, etc. Illustrations of the house** 
hold linen manufacture now supplemented by the factory system. 

The American hemp industry: series of specimens from 
the unretted stalk to the manufactured cordage. Jute series: 
American and imported jute and jute manufactures; bagging, bur- 
lap, cordage and tv/ine. 

The ramie industry: stalks of American grown ramie, 
Chinese and American fiber— raw and de gummed. Ramie manufac« 
tures, fabrics, laces, etc. Collection of American bast fibers 
for the most part not utilized in the arts, yet capable of cul- 
tivation in the United States. 

The sisal hemp industry: Florida grown and imported 
sisal hemp, with American manufactures of cordage, binding twine 
etc. The Ixtle or Tampico fiber used in brush manufacture, in 
series, with allied species of agaves. Pineapple fiber, yucca 
or "bear grass", and Spanish moss, used for upholstery pur« 
poses. 

Miscellaneous cordage fibers and their manufactures, 
such as New Zealand flax, manila, banana, etc. Cocoanut and the 



-loo ^niieBteinl has e^t^l b osIb saw si^riT .o;?ft fSqBoa ,3lio 

X3l1 mo^il 29£33»ciq snxwofia ienaq "nos&al J09to'c« ;8eIq.'itA5> ^#-i*i.:tR 

.meia^R v^-xoiDst srii ^^ iDe^nsn:9i.qqus ./on ©iuiojs'ii/.i^iii nenil DIorf 
ffiO'il ansffllosqa to ssiiea :\;i^8Jjbrri qmarf ri^oltsmk edl! 

.Qnlwi htm 9gj3ii)'Joo <qBl 

«Ii/o to sLd&q&o Sex ,a:fiB aiicf ni bexillSu ion iiMq .lao?^ .-n^ --ot 

l)9;^ioqmi biiB nwo-ia -**^i"ioX'5 iviiaabni qmsd laaiz eriT 
erriw^ :^nkhy.ii(^ teasBtoo lo seiutDatunjim r?Boif.- f^A liilvr ^qmed Issle 

BoouY ttedit siqqBsniq .asv^a^ to aslosqs baiXlB rfcTiw ,a9li98 
-•Ttjq Y*to.t8lorfqj/ lot besu ,rso.-!: rfi^lnBcrp hrf- ^«.-^k-^.:, -i-^.K''' -ro 

•aaaoq 

Bdi i)fiB iisnBoooO .o:fe t^^BaBd ,Bllni5m ,xsXt b.TsXBsS w-^r pf, dDira 



lie 



palm fibers, with partial manufactures, cocoa matting, etc. 

The palmetto industry. Series illustrating manufac- 
tures from saw palmetto, such as plastering fiber, coarse brush- 
es, etc. The cabbage palmetto industry, with brushes made from 
the fiber. Imported palmetto, or crin vegetal. Fiber frcan pine 
needles, in series, with samples of bagging, matting and up- 
holstery material. Fibrous bark. Esparto and its manufactures. 
Reeds and grasses used for fibers, and miscellaneous vegetable 
substances, fibrous in their character, useful in the arts. 

Pedestal displaying photographic enlargements illus- 
trating phases of the flax industry. 

The same, illustrating Florida fiber industries, the 
growth of sisal hemp, pineapple fiber, etc. 

The same, illustrating cotton, jute and ramie culture 
in the Southern States, 

OFFICE OF EXPERBffiNT STATIONS, 

In the limited space at its cominand this office showed 
a number of its published records of investigations, and pointed 
out to the visitor the location of the various experiment sta- 
tions throughout the United States, giving the ten principal 
lines of work pursued by these stations and the lines to which 
each station especially applied itself. To give a tangible and 
graphic idea of some of the results attained selections were 
made of certain important lines of work in dairying, the feeding 
of farm animals, and entomology. 

Charts illustrating experiments in feeding farm ani» 
mals were also shown, and an exhibit was given illustrating the 
investigations of food and diet. 



-rfsii-fd saiBOo ,t9dn snxiecraBlq sb rfoua ,o.t;f8ialBq «rB3 mo-^T: se-u^ 

-qw f)nB anicTcJsffl taniaa^cf lo ssIqniBs rfilw ,89X168 ai ,a9li)esn 

.acfiB 9il:t ni Lin&Bu fiBSo&iBdo -fisrfJ ni auo-idil ,aeonBcf8cfi;8 
-Ri/XlJt 3:ta9m9aij:?In9 oirfqBT.-^o.torfcr IS-liVBlqc ... .tr.-.F-.pr 

erf.-r <89X'xi2L'i)nx i9dl!t sbttoZii ^nliB-iisulLt ,9mB8 s.-fT 

.079 ,ie(in 9lo-.7B9.'Tiq ^qineri Isaia "io rf.-^wo^s 
^---:+Iu:^ siniBi i)riB 9;ti;i, ,nujjao ^jixJB-scraiilli ,9mBE 9rfT 

.ae^BJP ntediuoB Qd:i cii 

.aivode 9o.t.i', . ,-... ,. :uuj.!jiioj £/x .tB 90Bqs h^-iifAli 9n..t nl 

iJS^rnioq ^/ib ,8rioi;jBa.t:??.9vni 'to aJi)too9i barfgildug 3:ri to isdaii/n js 

-B^a cfneraiTeqxe auol-rjRy erf;' lo aai.tBOof --rt Tut:-?.iv 9ric^ oc^ ijjo 

iBqioni-iq nacr sdcJ d^-»-^i^i ,as^^j£ DBcrxni; sr;j Jijoriswo'^rf^ 8aoi;J 

-iolrfw Oct aenil erf:J i).r,B anoLitB^ts 9a9.rf:t xd beuQiuq 2I10W lo eeniX 

bnB QlGl^insi s evit^ 0? .llesJi bsilqqB vll^i^f*- -'^- ^<x^•^-•>?! lioBa 

'•''"^■' snoi:. .j.-::>.^^vj s,eixj.j:5w J a: acrlijaai anl:? io oajOo ^^..^ sobi oixlqjsijj 

anj:|jf>t»'i ed-J ^^alxiiab ni ^*cow "io asnil cTaB^'roqini niB:r-i90 lo sbBm 

sric? a«i^B'i;tet/iIi aovis aaw jldidxa fiB fcnB »n¥/orlH oaXji vi9W alBm 

.itsiJb bn& boot Io arto IrtBal^aevni 



120 



DIVISION OP PUBLICATIONS. 

This exhibit was unique in that it represented the 
work not only of the division itself, but of all the bureaus, 
divisions, and offices of the Department, the preparation of 
whose published reports of experiments made and results achieved 
it is the duty of this division to supervise. 

A complete set of the publications of the Department 
in distinctive bindings was displayed in a handsome case, the 
volumes covering the period from 1837, when the Department of 
Agriculture had its' Inception as a section of the Patent Office, 
to June 30, 1895, An illustration in practical book-making was 
given, embracing all the work from the submission of the manu« 
script to the complete book, representing in a striking manner 
the manifold duties of editorial work, proof reading, and the 
supervision of the printing of reports, bulletins, and pamphlets 
of the Department. The objects exhibited comprised the original 
manuscript of the Yearbook for 1894 (of v/hich 500,000 copies 
were issued) as edited and prepared for the printer, the galley 
and page proofs with the proof readers' marks thereon, the 
stitched volume, and the completed book. 

In this connection there were also given some samples 
of the various methods employed in illustrating the Department 
publications, embracing processes of wood engraving, photo-en- 
graving, half-tone, lithograph, heliotype, etc, in different 
stages of completion from the drawing or photograph, to the 
printed picture. 

The exhibit of this division had on hand thousands of 
the popular pamphlets of the Department, which it distributed 



.;<AX 



.spioiTAOijsuq uo proiBivi'i 

,3ijB&iijd eiii ..In lu^ud «1:l9a;JJ: noxa.tvib edit to ^IxJO cton :fiow 

^e&ivtequB oi aoisivib airii to ^j;tuib edi ?A ii 

lo cfnoiitJ-ijsq&a 9dJ nsri* «V£8i. aiotI Jooitsq erf? aniTsvoo ssmwiov 
,6Di1:10 d'n8;tB'T sii:? lo aoiionp. b bb noicrqeoai: acft Jbcrf 0Tij;JIuoiTT5A 

••xjfiisra erlJ ao aoiecjicidwa erii txTOit :i-sow eri.t Hb -^ntoBtdma ^nsvl^ 

lertnsm ^itiiitiis b iii a^-^^nsaetqet ,:i.oo<S 9;r9lqmoo edS oi c^qiioa 

6rf:r bnB ,anJ:.bBSi 'looiq t.. .^v. .... ...i be lo 89i:tijiD blolinBta arlcT 

a^felrfqfliBq i)rm ,ani;f9llud ,3^ioq9t lo ^alini'iq sdi lo aoiaivTequa 

Isaigiio ari:? ijeaxtqmoo be.tMi.H.xs nSoel'io fidT * :tnsjii:tiBq9a erf^t lo 

aaxqo- ^r.o,OOc ........,, Uv; ..c'..C wv. .!.v.x i:)r[;t lo ^fqi'^oauni^ 

Xell^a &d;j tt&iniiq Bdi "y-ol bsrcsqoio bna b9;tib& ejs (bsuaaJ: ei©w 
&di ,nC9t9rf:t a±iBm •eiejbijet looiq edi dS tir elooiq e^&q brtR 

wlood teJ-'dlqmoo dii^ f)riB ,9mjJlov bodoSltQ 
salqritisa emoe nsvia oalis eisw efs/ict noi^osnaoo cirf^ nl 
cfnaffi^'fBq&a Qdi ^rtiiB-iiBUlll ni Jbs^^oXqf^e abodierx ^uoi-rBV 9r{.t lo 
-:io-o;foffq ^aftivjai^ne ijoow lo asaea.^vy.^ juj. ... i jgi:. ,»nu -j jioilduq 

ineielllb :ii ,o.t9 ^oq^si^o.llgrl tdqiiTsoricr il ,9rio:f-ll6rf tanivBia 
eri^t o:t tdqiiisoitorfq lo ^iaiwj8^f) srf^ moil noi^Jalqraoo Ic asasitg 

lo Qbnx'iiii.jodi briad no bad noiaivifc aidi lo ^Idirixe sriT 

f)9.ti;Qrii;?ax.i .oirlw ,;?n9ffi:f-^Bq8a arii lo a;teIrfqraBq tsluqoq sdi 



121 



free to applicants. Its exhibit also served as a bureau of in- 
formation, in which capacity it furnished valuable assistance 
to visitors by answering inquiries in connection with the ex- 
hibits of the whole Department. 

i OFFICE OF ROAD INQUIRY o 

1 

Outside the (Jovernment building, occupying a space 
about 150 by 300 feet, was an object lesson very gratifying to 
those interested in the good-roads movement which is spreading 
so rapidly throughout the country. The Department of Agriculture 
by way of exemplifying clearly and concisely the immense advan- 
tage afforded by good roads, built as its road exhibit a system 
of parallel roadways, about 50 feet apart fron center to center, 
including a modern macadamized road, a sand road and a dirt 
road. The grades of all the roadbeds were alike, each being 
divided into 50-foot lengths, the first of which was level, the 
grade of the other lengths rising at the rate of 2 feet in ev* 
ery 100, 4 feet in 100, and 6 feet in 100, respectively, making 
each road 200 feet long. The macadam road had, in addition, 
two 50-foot lengths rising 8 feet in 100 and 10 feet in 100, 
respectively. All the roadbeds were of the natural earth found 
on the terrace, which was a stiff red clay with some sand near 
the surface. Mo further preparation than that of grading was 
made on any of the beds except that of the macadam road. After 
the desired grade of this road was obtained, it was built up 
into a macadam pavement 6 inches deep and 12 feet wide. 

On these specimen roads experiments were conducted to 
indicate the amount of draft on the different roads, in such 
manner that it could be readily observed by the spectator, and 



,vJij^>vi«o ui;!^^ ;tj: ,nojt;tBf£r[Ol 
-X9 udJ ricfiw iioiJDsnaao ui asiilupnt ^citis^ffBtiB ^cd atoSiaiv oS 

^•1- U-J -J c iJ J tiu ill fc'SOrtJ 

anied fiOBfl ,93{ilB 9T9W a.bedDBD'x sri:t IIb lo ^isjoBia -riij .j^boi 

af'.t ^levftl sBw diiifiw io cTsixl ad.t ,8ri;tanel ;too1:-.08 ocTni ftsbivib 

-V8 nl .:f9et S lo ectBt ©d:? .fa ^nl^x-f sd+?,q9j -redio 9d;f lo alJBta 

trioijliu-,. ,;}BrI iiBO-^ iiiiii;aoB£fl sril ♦gnol ^aal 002 joboi do bo 

,001 ni .tea^ 01 hn.A 001 nx ^tssl 8 sn:.fe/-T r;d.t::irtel v+ool-Oi=' owd- 

■ . :j '.'. .--.0 ■ ;r,ii3 j. ^A 4 \iJL 3 vx J D 9qaei 

TtBsn hti&i. 3/nOE dJxw -^bIo oht; rtiiz & am doxriw ,BOBtte:t eri^ no 

8,BW anibB-jg ^0 ^Bd:t nBrii fioi;tB-/ffq»Tg tsd^-rrl oW .soBl-rrra f,d;t 

qu ;Jix;jd a^^^y ji e^eniB^do aB^y iiBOt airier lo »,bBis heitaeb edi 
,&biw i&3l 21 boB qeel) a&rionl 6 ctnemsvBq lusbBOBra b ocfnl 
0^ l)8;tor.rbf-or;. eTew ^.t.:^.ai.rTeqxs 3i)B0-? nacioeqa 9S8d:f nO 

dom lix ,ai3B0-i Jiis-tsllll-j 8d.l no n&tb to inaomsi edi Qi&otbnt 
bn& ^loiBiosqz ericT xd bar-iaado >2lii)jS9T sd Muoo :»! :^&d^ -xenaBra 



122 




Fig. 1. — Tractometer attached for use. 




'■'"tiiS': 



,y; 



123 



the difference of draft on good and bad roads plainly seen. 
This was done with the assistance of a tractoraeter made for the 
purpose, which measured the strain of the load on the team on 
each of the different roads, A wagon to which the tractometer 
was attached was drawn up and down the roads. On the smooth road 
the oscillation of the pointer arm of the tractometer had a 
range of some 50 pounds, while on the rutted dirt road it va- 
ried from to 1,500 pounds, showing that, even while exerting 
the same average draft, a team is subject to much less fatigue 
on a smooth road. The experiment also suggested the desirabil- 
ity of having springs on the traces, or some other means of 
making the change of draft more gradual at the shoulders of the 
team, instead of subjecting it to the violent jerks which rigid 
traces transmit. In a general way the draft for the same load 
was found to be about eight times as much on the dirt road as 

on the macadam, and the draft on the sand road was nearly the 
same as on the dirt road when muddy. 

During these experiments a team of small mules readi- 
ly drew 12 bales of cotton on a heavy wagon up the 10 percent 
grade of the macadam road, the tractoraeter indicating a pull of 
1,000 pounds, and the same team was completely stalled in going 
down the 6 percent grade of the sand road, after pulling the 
indicator to 1,900 pounds. Nine bales of cotton were removed 
before the load could be got in motion. The driver refused to 
venture at all on the dirt road with the 12-bale load. 

The road exhibit also afforded a test of the practical 
advantages of wide tires, A portion of the clay road was made 
thoroughly wet and a wagon with 2-inch tires and one with 4 and 



U«VJL 



.nsee xLnli^lq sbaoT bad brus boos no :*'i^,ib Jo sr.rrs-f.^tlib ©ff^ 

no m^ei Qcii no bsoL orfj lo alBt^B. e^ii b^^isar^sm dotdw ,s)soqiuq 
•i9.+ 9Tao;foBf^ ddi fioirfw a:r nOQBW A. .ebBOT cfnaTglliJb sr.' 'xo doss 

bsoi r{:?ooi -^ no .gf)soi erl^ iiwc-u ...y.. qu nmitb a^w jnsuDii^rsij sbw 

.3 J3Bri •io;r9mo;toBi:f srlcf lo m-TB iscfaloq siict lo noi^BlIioao sdcf 
-BY Si bMOi iiih beiSu-i ^di no elirfw ^sbnuoq oe sraoa Ic sariBi 
an.Hiox9 ©lirf^ r..v9 .:fBrf:f ^---^ 1^ .eDni/oq 006,1 oi moil fcaii 
euBi.-ui aaol iiouisi o;t ;tos(.dixa si niseS b ,:flB'x^ eSB^s vb emBg adi 
"lid&tUeb eii? foscfasaaua oalB inQmtieqxQ 8f£T . f)BOi Icfoome b ao 
lo RfT-ovm terl.to 8mos to ^ssoBtcT srl'cr no aaniiqa ^^iiivBd lo ^^i 
9r.';T lo ansi)lijQfIs sdi 1b Ibit&bis 9iom ilBib lo sanBrfo 9d:t anJfcjlBm 
bia-tt rfolriw a^i9t c^flsloiv sricT oi ii gcttioeldus lo fisscfgni .mseS 
bsol 9mB? ^.-rt -sol iJ&tb '-.- YBw iBiansa b nl .SimBnBiS aaoBiJ 
aB l)BO'i i-tii) Qdi no rfoum aB 39mi:cr *rfai9 ifjodz ed oS bmiot £bw 
edi vltBan 8bw baoi btiBs Bdi no ;riBtf) arf.^ bn« .niBiDBOBm sxicT no 

• lCi)b.uffi i-»9r:w i)BOT Ji.;j3 ecl.-f hq bb smBs 
«i:i)B9i 89lum llnmE lo xnB9:r s alngmiisqxe szeds a^iiuG 

^n90isq 01 9rfl qw noQBw ^vBed: b no no;t.ioo lo aslBd SI ve-ib xl 

lo Ilr;q B ^jHitBOr'" j ' v3 ;? 6m0 > OB -f :" ,bB01 ItltibBOBCl 8ili lo 9bBfa 

;anic^ iii bsIiBw'a ^iiiJQlqnioo asw mBBi eiua-e edi hnB esbnuoq 000,1 

erfcr anlllL'q Te:tlB ,bBot bnBa 9ri? lo ebBig Jngo-tsq d 9.d:f nwob 

b9voiT?s'r e-^^^v/ v::r:too lo aalBd snx" .abnuoq 00^,1 oc^ -lOJBoibnl 

03 r.88iil9i iGviib erCT .nolcfom ni Jag sd bli/oo bBOl 9ii.t 9-iol9d 

• bB^I slBd-JU Qrict fttlw bBOi iitb edS rto IIg ^b s-ructnyv 

lB0i:t0Bfq srii ....: .29^ B bsb'JOllB oalB ctidiri.^t, r^e'i srjx 

9l)Bai aBW bBO-t xBlo Bdi lo noi^-ioq A .asil.t 9biw lo aoasitnBvbs 
bHB ^ diiw sno bnB 89Ti;j /ioni-S rtt iw noaBW b bnB cTew YlrlaJ^otorict 



124 



5 inch tires were run over it. The result showed how much less 
wearing on roads are wide tires than narrow ones. That part of 
the road which the narrow-tired wagon traversed was cut and 
rutted to the depth of several inches, while the remainder was 
rolled by the 4 and 5 inch tires into a smooth surface, 

DIVISION OF FORESTRY. 

Owing to its size and importance as illustrating some 
of our forest resources, the display of the Division of Forestry 
was separated from the rest of the Department exhibit and housed 
in a special building known as the Minerals and Forestry build- 
ing. 

An interesting exhibit of wood production greeted the 
visitor at the very entrance to this exhibit. It was a statis- 
tical pyramid formed of blocks intended to show graphically the 
€imount of wood material furnished by the forest resources of the 
South for every second in the year. The base block, containing 
about 300 cubic feet and representing the entire amount of wood 
of all kinds and for all purposes, such as fuel, fencing, rail- 
road ties, lumber, etc, indicated an annual consumption of a- 
bout 10,000,000,000 cubic feet. A smaller block, of 48 cubic 
feet content, resting upon the base block, represented the am- 
ount of log material for lumber, timber, and bolt-size material 
cut per second, and indicated an annual output for all kinds 
of 1,500,000,000 cubic feet of logs, corresponding to over 
10,000,000,000 feet, B,M. One of the interesting facts shown by 
this particular exhibit was that the two hard-wood-producing 
States, Tennessee and Kentucky, cut a larger proportion than 
the pine States, It was also demonstrated that the South fur- 



aaaX donm worf bsworis jIt . -javo nu'\ s-iew fse^i:? doni 

to tT'^q .tsr^T .sefTO wo'^i.S'^ riBdi sg-iit aislvir 9'<-b Rhjio-^ -to ^nl'^ ■■■■.-■-'j 

.eriBiiua rfcToonra b c:fn± £fe"ii:f rfoni 5 bn.B I -j' ^^tta*? 

.YHTaSHCi "50 HOI 81 VI a 

i)9SM0ii jjfija iidldxo ^tnarnvt'iaqsCI eri asT erid' aoil l)9;fBi3q9a sbw 

•»?.t.t->^-:+?» ,6 ??°.w ;tl .cfi>'flrfxe 3if(,-* o.t nOx^O'-^cfiTS "/ts-/ ?5i-f:t ^p. -s r: :? i 8 .t v 

-XxBi tSfi-tonel ,L::../t l3 : .> i^ ^asaoqiuq XX« lol Jbna 8fcnx:?i Lla 1o 

-x, to not iqmjr?2noo L^^^rl:^.& rz h9.i&r^ih:ii ,o^© . t ^. cf ;n::I far;:;t hi-o'r 

«raB srid- iisdrisaeiqai ^iloold &asJ iioq^i; SniJsei ^iiXQ^iioo rfaat 

Xslift.tBffi ©i;'.?!-;tlcff has ^T'^'fsrl.t ,i«=^d.rTr';.rJ -rol I^.,!:*!©.? ^rn ::'Cl Ic ;?fiJJO 

- >' - oijiiu^; ..-;^oi:joaj .; ii0o3<i "iaq J up 

tyvo ©^ a""tJonoqa9Tip-> jaj^oJ isl oJ.iuo UOO,OrO ,C03,X lo 

X6 a^oda RJT5,t j^^i* -:^to.tfi.c off;? "^o €f/0 .V.^ ^issl 000^000,000,01 

■-'-lul dJuoB ad^ iBrict b.e;rB*i:ranoia96 osiiS aBW ;tl ,?iH;tB^8 enlq adcr 



125 



nishes so far only one-quarter of the cut timber of the country, 
notwithstanding it still contains larger areas and. the largest 
amount of standing timber, excepting the Pacific Coast, which 
is estimated to possess 1,000,000,000,000 feet of standing tim-* 
ber, B.M., while the Southern States possess 700,000,000,000 
feet of standing timber. 

The forest geography of the South was shown by a se- 
ries of maps, each representing one of the Southern States and 
showing by colors the character of the forest growth in various 
portions of the State, Each map showed the distribution of the 
broad-leafed and coniferous species, and to some extent the 
density of existing forests. 

One of the most interesting displays, served to show 
the farmer in a very graphic manner the costliness of a lack of 
judgment in making his clearings. The unintelligent denudation 
of the hillsides, in a country of large and precipitous rain- 
fall, has caused, under careless cultivation, an erosion of 
these lands which has turned thousands of acres of tillable 
lands into wastes, furrowed and gullied and denuded of its fer- 
tile soil. To bring home an object lesson of such irrational 
treatment, and to illustrate the methods of reclaiming these 
waste lands and the possibilities of an improved agriculture 
on all the eroded soils of the South, a set of three relief 
models of an eroded farm was shown. 

To accentuate this object lesson, a large relief map 
of the Holy Land, bearing the inscription "The land where once 
milk and honey flowed" was hung up over these farm models, and 
it was further shown that trees so wastefully cut as to destroy 
the forest in a very few years require many years to again pro- 



o^mii ariihnBctB io ^^al ooo onn non nr^n r 
000,000,000,00? aasssoq 8ft.l T^.r 

iJfiB ascTB^rs atfidiuot erf:; --f,,,-. 

--^ ..:--'i tiOtid taqi^ir. 'io asJti 

worfe c- bsv-tea ,a^iBIq^ib Bnl:?a9ie;fni craom eri:^ -to enO 

-niB-i eirocriqioeiq bnB eaiBl to Yi:frTi/OD b ..soi.Ilir? -It to 

3ldBlIi;f '- - . ., 10 ^m^,^uod;i ben-suj 3Brf lioirfw ai)aBl sasrf^ 









126 



duce material fit for the saw. This important fact was illustra- 
ted by a section of longleaf pine, the ring growth of which 
indicates an age of 372 years. 

The entire arborescent forest flora of the United 
States, comprising among the richest and most varied species 
on the continent, representatives of 53 families, 136 genera, 
and nearly 300 species, were displayed by a series of panels 
requiring not less than one thousand square feet of wall space, 
each species being represented by botanical specimens, with 
flower and fruit, a wood section of the bark, and a label with 
a map giving the field distribution, the characteristics of 
growth, and the uses of its wood. 

,,, Some of the more important exhibits which it is im- 
possible to describe at length, were the following: 

Forest botany, (a) Trees of Southern States compris- 
ing 300 indigenous species, each illustrated by specimens show- 
ing mature foliage, flowers, and fruit, together with a section 
of wood showing bark and natural appearance of finished wood. 
Accompanying map shows geographical distribution of each spe- 
cies with notes on the habitat, development, character of wood 
and its economic uses, (b) Economically important species of 
the South; monographs of 20 species. Monster frame made of tim- 
ber of the species inclosed (1) commercial, rough, sawed lum- 
ber, with cross section of log indicating commercial size of 
timber furnished by the species; (2) commercial cuts of lumber 
(radial, quarter and tangential swing); (3) photomicrographs 
showing magnified structure of wood in cross, radial and tan« 
gential sections; (4) development of the tree from germinating 
seedlings to the mature foliage and frait; (5) label giving 



r«Aj. 



rioxriA- 10 rfcfwoia anil eri:t ^eniq lB-oIsno± 1o aoiioeB b ^Jd 69;? 

.31B9TJ SV5 lo 93B HB as^Boiftni 
fcB:ti:nlT arf.-* 'to bioII v^asiol f rf.-4n»«-r-ro'5'TB e^ii,tna »i1T 
aeiueqe oaiiBv draoio bnB ^asriox'i eiU ^nomB aniai-xqnjoo ,8SCtB;fS 
,Bi9n9s dfil tSsilimBl <S5 lo aevitB;tn9a9*tq9i ,;tn9ni:rnoo 9r{:t no 

tSOBqa ixBVf xo J99"i s'jBupa iDaBaijQiicf ano iiBficJ aasl Jon a^-i'^^^P^'J 

ri^iw ,8n9ciiosqa iBoinBiod xd fcsJaaaeiqsi anxad aaxoeqa liosB 

rf^xw l9cl.Gl 3 bnB ^i^-TBd nrf.-t lo nox:tos3 boow b ^^li^'^i ohb tewoll 

lo 30iJai-9JOB'iBrio orlcr ,noi,tijdi-xcfaxf-> bisil arict a^iivia qsra b 

,f)oow 8:fi ^0 asau erict Imib ,rf;two*x3 
-mi 3l ^i rfoiiiw a;^!^!^:^.?) .-^nBitoqiax siom 9ri^ lo skoS 

:snxwoXIo'l i>.U 9t9w ,j.i:t§rf9l ;Jb Qditoasb oS aldiaaoq 
-aiiqinoo S9;rB;te ni&diuoe I0 assiT (b) .^nB:tocf ia&-iQ'^ 
-worfa sn[9m.tosqa vd I)r*;tivt,tPiLMi ■-r--^^s- e^iS-^^qa 31/0;; ©gxlsni DOS iini 
noi:tyea b ricfiw •sailcfa^joj ^Jiu-xi biiB ^atswoll <93bxIo1 eijjct bis gni 
.boow i)e£isiriil lo 9onB*iB9qqB lB'Xii;JBri f>nB Misd gniworia Ji>aow lo 
-eqs dOBB I0 no iiudiiip.Lh iBoxdqBtaosa awoiis qBn-. iiniYriBqaoooA 
bcow to •i9;JoBiBilo ,?n9mqol9V3b cJ^BcTidBrl 9ri^ no s&ioa di l^- asio 
lo asxoaqp. inB^toqmi YllBOimonooa (d) ,39ax/ cimonooa &$ i. bna 
-*mLi lo ebfm OiTistl: -5:e.tanoM .aaxosqa 02 lo arfqBisono.r-u jricTiioa 9x1;^ 
^.m;^ i.■.o-v^^L ,naWOi ,lBioT9ffiffioo (I) bsaolonl aslosqa eri;^ lo led 
'io 9sis iBlotefranoo anxJBOibnx aol "io nox^foaa seoio ri^iw ^-^06 
iQdmisl lo z^sjo iBin-rf.-.ifr^oo (S) ji?<eJ:oeq3 9d:t T^d i)8ii'alnitrl ledmxJ 
efiqBi?iO'iD.tcioJoriq (.i) j (gniv/g iBiin&^s^ai bna te^tBup ^LaibBi) 
•■^nBi l)f<B Iail)Bi ,38010 ni feoow lo eijj;tojj^*8 f)9 xlxngBm snJtworfa 

isHivig isoBi (a) j^iirix jjHB saBiXol efjjcTBra &ri^ oJ ggnilbeea 



12? 



common and scientific names on the character of the tree and 
wood; (6) map showing geographic distribution. (c) Photographic 
display illustrating the form development of various species, 
(d) Geographic distribution of arborescent genera shown by se- 
ries of colored maps; comparative study of the regions occupied 
by various tree genera. 

Turpentine orcharding. Industry illustrated as now 
carried on in the South, and also experiments for improving the 
methods of tapping. Photographs showing a typical distilling 
establishment; work of tapping an orchard; gathering, hauling 
and storing crude products. Various tools and other implements 
used in orcharding. Pine trunks showing various methods and 
stages of tapping employed in America and under improved meth- 
ods. Complete display of the various grades of crude and manu** 
factured products. 

Pine and palmetto fiber manufactures. Various mate** 
rials (Jute, mats and carpetings) made from the Southern long-* 
leaf pine leaves, and from the palmetto. 

Forest planting. Foreign trees suitable for planting 
in the South, Two specimens of acacia were shown, growing in 
pots; also specimens of wood and bark; analyses of bark as grown 
in Australia and California, Several species of the Australian 
tree, the Eucalyptus, are shown, including specimens growing 
in pots, wood specimens from Florida, and wood and botanical 
specimens from California, Seedling and bark of cork oak trees 
now growing in Georgia; also specimens from California, Pine 
specimens of the larger forms of bamboo (Bambusa gigantea) grown 
in Florida, 



^•9l>X 



bns eeii ecii to teioBindo edi no gsman oili^Tnsios bnB fionicioo 

oidiia^^oiod^ {0} .no iiudltiaib oirfqaiaoeg sniwoda qjsia' (a) ;£)oow 

.E9J:c>eqe buoIibv lo ctrrsfDqoIsvsb flno^ ©d? unliB-iSEUILs: xBlqzlb 

~S3 YO nworla Btsnea ^nsoseiodiB to noicTucfiT^tsif) oirfqB-ygosO (b) 

I)9iquooo snolasi erf* lo xbuiB svl^BiBqmoo ; eqBm beioloo lo asli 

.Bierisg 9©t;t bjjoIibv ^^d 

won zB bei&tiaulil. Y'^^swJ^nl .gni bis doio snltnaqTirT 

6rfiT S«-tvO"fqmi tol 8;tn6mli8qx8 osIb bnB tdiuoZ srii nt no bsiiiBO 

>i^i^Il + -_^^ rsoir'v+ s jirt; nda a rfqBt 3 o:tOf(q: .gnJtqqB? to efcoriSsm 

SXTiiu.i.i j^al'iorL^TBS jbiBriG-iO riB gnlqqB;t lo 2Ctow ; *n amrf ail cfB;t^ 8 

E^neraelqini lericto bns 8loo;t buoI^bV ^Bioitboiq ebirro gniiOja bnB 

bnB pfcorf.tam s?joiiBV anxv/orfp. 'H-T.^jr-^ .+ .■-.-•• rq .^fiib^Bflo'io ni bsau 

-ridsm i)9vo-:qinx -lebni; bns Boi -iamA ni bs^olqina gniqqa;? to eaaB^e 

«irnBm bns ebuto to 89bB^s suo iiBV erf:t to ^jBlqslb sitsIqrnoO .sbo 

, 1^. ■* D ! f ho " f >•-' ^ e^T IJ *o Bt 
«-9;ti3jK sjjoI'ibV .ESiii^tOBtmiBin isdit o;3;temlBq Lhb sni:^ 
*-anoX ntediuoE &rii moit sbBm (aa^i?9q^Bn bas zttam ,9Jnt) eIbI-j 

• O^^smXiiq '--{1 .rrio'-i'^ /''"<? tEfrn.*;! orriq tssl 
SnUn^ilq lot eldB^tlus essi* ngioicg: ,anx;rnBlq jeei©'? 

nl gniwcig ,rfworIe stsw bIobob to snsmiosqs owT .ri:tif03 9rf:t nl 

nv/OT-; Pi> :^f•T£d■ to asBvTr^r-K ;3l*TSff bf^.s hoiVvV "to p.irr.r-i.toeqa r.^'TH ;g;toq 

ciBixB'ur liiiS^ 8iiJ to asiosqa IbisvsS .iixAio'iJ:jk.BO bnB Bili^'tJai/A nl 

Sniwoig snsmlosqs gnibuXoni ,nworfe e*iB tSJifd-qx-rBoua &di ^osti 

iBoinE^od bnB boow bnB iBbl-ioI"? mctt anf^'-'-e -p ^-o^7 <s;toq nt 

assii" >i.iO :-(ioC' to slrrBd bnB snilb998 •BAmcli,i.*iij fiOTt anomloeqs 

snl*^ .BlinrotilBO mott ensiaioeqe osIb jBisioef) nl g^iwc^s ^c>ri 

nW0*Y^( B9inBalS B3ndffiBfi} Orrrrr.-sd t;-; P.tri-^r r,''r •'<■.,',-.-/ c.rT.t lo ei-remlOPqE 

.BbitoI'S nt 



128 



Effects of forest destruction and methods of recuper- 
ation in Prance, illustrated by a series of photographic repro- 
ductions. 

Timber physics. This exhibit shov/ed some of the meth- 
ods of tests and examinations of Southern timber and results 
therefrom, particularly the four species of pine exemplified 
by sanples, illustrating answers to various questions regarding 
their timber. 



1? ... T 



Prof. 



129 



ORGANIZATION AND EXPENSES. 

For the purpose of assisting the representative of 
the Department of Agriculture in the preparation, installation 
and return of the Department exhibit, the Secretary of Agricul- 
ture detailed the following chiefs of bureaus by which exhibits 
were to be made, or other persons to represent them: 

Prof, C.F.Marvin, Weather Bureau. 

Dr. C.L.Dawson, Bureau of Animal Industry. 

Dr. L.O.Howard, Chief of the Division of Entomology, 

Dr. C.Hart Merriam, Chief of the Division of Biological Sur«- 

vey. 
Dr,B.E,Fernow, Chief of the Division of Forestry, 

Mr. (j.H, Hicks, of the Division of Botany, 

Prof .B.T.Galloway, Chief of the Division of Vegetable Phys«* 

iology and Pathology. 
Mr .W.A.Taylor, of the Division of Pomology. 

Prof. Milton Whitney, Chief of the Division of Agricultural 

Soils. 
Dr,A,C.True, Director of the Office of Experiment Stations. 

Mr. Geo. Wm. Hill, Chief of the Division of Publications. 
Mr. Chas, R.Dodge, in charge of Fiber Investigations. 

To aid some of these gentlemen several of their as- 
sistants were detailed as explained in the report of the Board. 
Mr. Charles R.Dodge acted as Chief of Installation and Special 
Aid to the representative of the Department, 

The expenditures on account of the different bureaus 
and divisions were as follows: 



. Sa^BPf H<TXa[ OKA HOITASIMAOHO 

:m8ff« :tn6g8iq9i o;t afioaisq T:9ri;to -lo ,9i)Bffi e6 oi ^,t&w 
,isii&iisE -seric^BeW ,nJ:vtBM.'»l»0 ."ioi*! 
.rt^awlsnl laBiinA lo UBeiua (noswBCr.J.O .ta 
.YSOlomocrna lo nolgiviQ 9ri;t lo leiriD , biBwoH.O. J.-jO 

.'OJasioU' 'xo noieivia erfl lo teidD ,wom9t,5f..a,'fG 

-sYxil eIdB^938¥ lo nolaivia erl^ lo leirfO ^v^swui^i !!\f{ Vtcj 
• YaoIorf^B*! l)nB YaolGl 

.Yaolofliol lo noisxvia ©rl^t lo ttoi^BT.A.W.iM 

iBiu^IiionaA lo noieivia Bdi lo IsiriO .MerfcfirfW no:tIiM.lo-rq 
.anoxcTBC^P .-rnejtfi-pqxa -^c ^ot^^rarict lo -toctos^-ia , auiT.O.A.-ca 
.anoiJBCi.iduq lo noieivia erfcT lo leirfD tlliH.ffiW, oaO.-iM 
• anoiJB8lJa9vnI -xgdi-g: lo sgiBrfo ni 5\g.boa.H,8Brin.iM 
-SB tierf.-* J.0 r.vt'^'^c.g nemalcrnss eaaricf lo smoa bis oT 
• BiBoci ynj 10 .j'lOiiB'i &rii nl bsnisilqxe ?.b foeli&'Jeb stsw EinBisiB 
iBiosqg bns noi;JBllB;tanI lo lexrfO 8B b&ioB er^boa^K PsIiBriD.tM 

.cTnsm^tBqoG ©fi:t lo evi^i siSns&Qiqe'i niij oj biA 
awB-ii/ci ^as-i^itib edi lo ctnuoooB no 8 9-jtj^ii)n9qx9 eriT 

.•awollol 8B 919W eno ieivih bna 



130 



Weather Bureau, |2286.89 

Bureau of Animal Industry, 716,71 

Division of Statistics, 219.93 

Division of Vegetable Pathology, 650.75 

Division of Entomology, 417,27 

Division of Agricultural Soils, 932.95 

Division of Forestry, 5948.10 

Division of Botany, 1075.37 

Division of Agrostology, 16.40 

Division of Microscopy, 333.52 

Division of Biological Survey, 774.51 

Division of Pomology, 534.38 

Office of Fiber Investigations, 421.47 

Office of Good Roads, 729.26 

Cotton Exhibit, 344.15 

Publications and Experiment Stations, 603.72 

General Fund, 6114.75 

Total Cost of the Exhibit of the 

Department of Agriculture, $20119.13 



CHAS. W. DABNEY, Jr., 

Repre se ntative, Depar tment 
"oF Agriculture . 



•«s>0'^'^ 



!;^*^i^ taoi;tax^Bct8 lo aolsxvJta 

Po'ii^ ,TC30lc.m.o^na lo noiaiviG 

^r|fo>- tsliog Isfir^tluoi-^gA lo noieivia 

^^•f;"-^ ,Xn3^oa lo noiaiviG 

"^•^4-. t-^SOlo:?aoi§A lo noiEivia 

rS*?*"^ t^qooso-foiM lo nolf., ivia 

5J»*:; t^©v^ua iBOxgoIoia lo noi&ivxa 

ij^'^^"; tY^oIonioq lo nolsivia 

^J-^^^ t3noiJ^.5iJ89vnI isdi'? lo eolllO 

"^•^^^ tiitBoK booO lo &OX110 

^i'™ titidxrlxa no^^roO 

eri:f lo iLGidxS. erf;? Ir - - ' ■ -t 

ci»^j.io^ f ^ ^ te-iuctlj.roxiaA lo - 



Te'J); J lT;oxYg7A" lo" "" 



t— »— i'^ y_ «-« 



131 



REPORT OP THE REPRESENTATIVE 

of the 

Smithsonian Institution and National Museum. 
— -^ — — ooOoo-^ — ■- ' 

The exhibit made by the Institution was not as satis- 
factory as it was planned to be, owing to the small amount of 
money allotted for its preparation, transportation, installa- 
tion, maintenance and return. Had it not been possible to 
draw extensively from the exhibits of the Museum that were 
procured for and shown at the World's Columbian Exposition at 
Chicago, and from the specimens of the Museum, the exhibit would 
have been even less creditable. With such resources as were at 
my command, I am pleased to say that an exhibit was made which, 
although small, proved itself to be both attractive and instruc- 
tive. In preparing it, however, the halls of the Museum were 
dismantled, the collections broken and disarranged, and the 
whole Museum building presented an untidy appearance during 
most of last summer and winter. 

The space assigned to the Institution for its exhibit 
was in the southeastern quarter of the Government building, and 
contained five thousand three hundred feet of floor space, ex*- 
clusive of the central aisle. The approaches were by two en- 
i^rances, one to the right of the southern portal and one to the 
left of the eastern portal of the building. 



, -ooOoo-- 

lo ctniJonijB ilBma srlJ- oi ^niwo ,©d o^ jjenn^iq saw cTi as x*TOd"0£l 

oi sldlaaoq assd Jon ji beH •niu^tei hn/i eoniinscfniBrn jnol;t 

6*TSw i£>di mu&bsM eiii Jo actidirlxs erii mo'tl '^levlane^xe wjbi6 

iB rioivtlaoqxS xjjBidHxfloO a'bXtoW eri;? is nworle i)nB tol ijeTi/ootq 

Mwow ;>i:dJ:jri[xe erfi ,fnifGajjM oii;t lo aireraiosqe er{;J 1x1011 Lhb ,osBoJ:r[0 

:i& eiew 8ii eeoiijoaei riotre rfcfiW .eIdi>iJ:i)9'io sael neve n^66 evjsrC 

,rioiilw 9i3Bm ajsw Sididxe ns iadi xbs, oi be&selq ms I ,i)nj5rnmon Aim 

-oufiani. bna svt.-toBiiiiB djod ed oi tlasii. bevciq tlljaica xiguoriilB 

ST9W mueai/M sni lo allBfl edi ,i8vei/fon' ,;ti gniiaqstq nl .evli 

edi baB ibeein&ins&p.ib bns nnHo^id siioiioeLloo sdi ^beliaBtp.&ib 

:i,nitsjb eofiiJTBeqqjs ^bsJc^u p.r, beineGoiq grribl.twd taixeauM slorfw 

,'s.siaiv jjnij fsmrax.ra iasL lo ctaom 

ildidxs 8:^1 10I noicl'TJit iJ-anI saJ- o:t bsnj^iaaB eoijqa 9iiT 

I)nj8 ,jiniMii;d J'nemmevoi) odi In T9.t-ii3.up rrt9J"as9Ji;Juoa erf^t ni asir 

-xe <90Bqa 'Tooll: to iset Jbetbnmi eeidct bn^iauodd evil l)eniii;tnoo 

-ne owi ^jd siew s9iioBoiqqi5 erlT .elaijs iBic^nso adi to eviaulo 

8r{;t o;t sno bna I^^ioq nierfjiroa erU lo id-gii edi oi eno ,a8onBit 

• SniWlifd 9r[cf "io I^s^fioq n'jeiQs& edi to itel 



CO 

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° S 
H I 

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132 



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czi 



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EASTERN 
PORTAL 



133 



Most of the objects, as above stated, were from the 
collections of the National Museum, and they were so arranged 
as to enable them to be studied in regular sequence, beginning 
at the southern portal. They were grouped in alcoves twenty 
feet in width and from twelve to twenty in depth, on either 
side of a broad passage way one hundred and fifty feet in length 
as shown in the following diagram, and designated by the letters 
A. Q. 

On the right of the main entrance were a large pic- 
ture of the Smithsonian building, a portrait of Secretary Lang*- 
ley, and a complete set of the publications of the Institution, 
about two hundred volumes; also photographs of apparatus and 
illustrations of the work in the Astrophysical Observatory and 
photographs of the National Zoological Park. A map, twenty feet 
by ten, showing the geographical distribution of the corres- 
pondents of the Institution, twenty-four thousand in number, as 
entered on the books of the International Exchange Bureau, also 
one of the fifty sets of Government documents which are sent 
annually abroad by the Bureau. 

In making the arrangement referred to, an attempt was 
made : - 

(l). To give as good an idea as possible of the character 
of the treasures which are preserved in the Museum, by present- 
ing an epitome of its contents, with contributions from every 
Department. 



ljOJ. 



ibsSfiBiTB 08 8iew Y9IIJ hniB .muBsuU lanoUBV e:Lt lo nnoicTosIIoo 

SnlnniascJ ^aonetrpee iBli/aei n/. belbui-c en o>J msrfcf eldBne o^ sb 

X^new^ aevoolB ni beqi/oig etsw YeriT .iB^toq nierl^Mroa edi )b 

aieUcrel 8rf:t ^d baisn^t^^b bnB .msi^Bib anlwollol aricf nl nworis sb 

.P .A 
-^oiq s^iBl B 819W 9onj5i;tn9 nx£>rc sifct lo :frisit 9rf:f nO 
■-Sn&I YiBcr9ioea 10 cflBicTfoq b ,anJ:DXJti/d nBinoerf.tm8 9il:t lo eiii* 
,noi:t^cM^3nI erf;t lo anoi^aoildixq sd-^ lo ^eo 9^9lqmoo^^Mi- ,YeI 
bHB auiBiBqqB 10 an'qBigoJorfq oalB :a9muIov beibnud ovi iuodB 
briB xioiBv-ieadO IBolExdqo1i^A odi at iliow ed:f lo saoliBiiBuIlt 
ieel xinevi ,qBm A .^'^b^ IboIboIooS iBnoicfBH srict lo aifqBTso^orfq 
-891-roo Bd:i lo noUudi-iialb iBoldqBisoss 9ricr aniworla ,nei xd 
8B ,-i9dmi;n ni briBEuodi luCi^x^cie^^ .aoUuiUanl sdi lo aineDnoq 
oalB ,i.B9i^a 9anBrioxa iBnotiBnieinI edi lo aiood sdi no beteine 
inea 9ib rfolilw a^flsmi/oof) inmrn-ievoQ lo acfsa x^in exii lo sno 

• i/Bsiua orlcf Yd J3BoidB xllBmmB 
2BW ;tqmedd-B nB <oi i)9Ti©l9T ;fn9m93nBiiB 9ff:t snlifBra nl 

« : oi)Bin 
i9:tOB-tBrio Qdi lo 9ldiaaoq as Bsf)! ne l)oos ajB svi^ oT .(i) 

-:fnea9iq yd emiieaiiM 9rf;t nl bev^eseiq bib doid^ EsnuBBeii edi lo 
X^eva moil anoidx/ditcfnoo dilv; .Eineinoo acTi lo emoJxqa nB :ini 

.;fn9miiBq8C[ 



134 



(2). To illustrate the methods by which Science controls, 
classifies, and studies great accumulations of material objects, 
and uses these as a means for the discovery of truth. 

(3). To exhibit the manner in which collections are arrang- 
ed, labeled, and displayed in a great Museum. 

(4). To afford as much instruction and pleasure as possible 
.•>f t>: t^r. '•". 

to those who visited the Atlanta Exposition, to impress them 

with the value of museums as agencies for public enlightenment, 

and thus to encourage the formation of public museums in the 

cities of the Soikth. 



i\.. 



DEPARTJIENT OF MAMIALS. 



In the entrance alcoves (A., B.), was placed also the 
contribution of the Department of Mammals. In a large wall case 
was a series of forty-three specimens to illustrate the range 
of forms in the class of mammalia, and in a general way the 
manner in which they are classified by naturalists. 

Each of the eleven orders. Primates, Chiroptera, In- 
sectivora, Carnivora, Rodentia, Ungulata, Cetacea, Sirenia, 
Edentata, Marsupialia, and Monotremata were represented. There 
were also five groups mounted in the best style of modern taxi- 
dermy, and intended to show, by the use of natural accessories, 
how the animals appeared in their native haunts. Planking the 
arch on one side was a group of Rocky Mountain Sheep or Bighorns, 
Qvis canadensis , six in number, from Wyoming, and on the other 
a group of Rocky Mountain Goats, Mazama montana, three indivi- 



^fc'l: 



. .rid- irt^ lo x'^svooaii) 9r(d *yo1: snBern s as e&erii sssjj bns 
-anisiiB 91B 8noi;to9lloo rfoirfw ni isnrrBm edi tld.trixe oT ,(e) 

.iiiiJsajjM i&ei-^ b ni JbsYsIqali) bns ,l)el6d£l ,b9 
slcfiasoq SB sitjaBelq bns notiounianl rfoum sb feio^lB oT ,{h) 

tSaettineid^ilLne olldijq lot esionegB as smueaum lo aniBV adi d:i iw 
edi ni arawsaura oilcftrq lo nolcTBfaio^ erlct eaBiiroons oi sudi bn& 

• rf.tiroB 9rl:t lo asictio 

.8JAK1MAM ^0 TiiaMTHAsraa 

edi osIb .bsoBlcr sbtt <(.H « .A) aevoolB sonBtjno orft nl 

eajs-O IlBW egijil ;j Hi .alBinniBM lo iiismctiBqeCI ©iiJ- lo noi;tud J:i:tnoo 

e^HB*! 9ri;t sJ'BTd'anlXl o.t ansariosqa 9£Tncf-Y;:tiol lo asitsa b sbw 

pjdS Y-sv? I.3-ron9S b ni bnB f3iI.Brm<^£m lo aaslo add ni arn-ro'i lo 

• ad-axlBitr^Bn x^ bsillaaBlo eiB ^(9Iic^ lioix-tir/ al ^(SiinBrn 

-nl ,BT:9;Jqo*iiiiO taeiBtnii? »3i9bio nev9le Gfi;t lo rfoBS 

jBinciia ^BeosisO ^siBlu-^nli ^Bi;?neboH ,B'<ovir[iBO ^Biovicfoea 

eienx .iJSjnsstiqsi' eisw B;tBm9'T^onoH LnB ,BiI6iqJJ•8^B!^.! jBd^B^nsfca 

-ixB:t nteJbom lo sl^^a :t36d erf^t ni beinuom squoi^ evil oalB 9iew 

< 89i*ioaa900B Isiiu^sn lo 9ajj 9r{:t- vd <v/orfa od- Jbeiine*'"^!: nna tYmisb 

sd^ ^niilnBl'i .scfnuBxi evicfisn lisd;:^ nl tss-iBsqqB elBminB 9r[:t wori 

tamofi^iS to q99rf8 niBcfnuoM xilooSi lo qwois b bbw ebia ©no no rfoTB 

lerl^o 9ri;t no bnB f-^nimoy^ moi'l ^isdrnun ni xis ^ sianebBffBO aivO 

-ivii^xri getrij' <BnBd'if om bribsbM ^^iJ60x) niBtnuoM ^jlooH lo quois & 



135 



duals, collected in British Columbia and Montana, by Mr. George 
Bird Grinnell. There was also a family group of the Coyote or 
Prairie Wolf, Canis la trans , mounted by Mr. W. T. Hornaday, from 
specimens obtained in Montana, and one of the finest examples 
of mammal mounting in existence; also a family group of the 
Nine-Banded Armadillo, Tatusia novemcincta , from Texas, and 
another of the American Badger, Taxidea americana , from Kansas. 

TYPES OF MANKIND. 

Near the entrance stood a portrait statue of Osceola, 
the great Seminole chief, who was born on the Chattahoochee 
River, in Georgia, in 1804, and who led his people in the Flo- 
rida Indian War, which was ended by his capture and his death 
in 1838. This figure was modeled by Achille Colin and Theo** 
dore Mills, from a portrait by George Catlin, and represents 
the war chief at the time of his greatest power. 

Beyond the archway attention was first attracted by 
a series of costumed figures, which were arranged on the sides 
of the main hall at the entrance to the alcoves. These were 
intended to illustrate the physical characters and the ethnical 
costumes of twelve of the most characteristic types of the 
human species. The costumes, most of which were now exhibited 
for the first time, had been collected by the explorers and 
correspondents of the Institution, and the figures, in sculp«j« 
tor's plaster, have been modeled either from life or from abun- 
dant material in the Museum, under the superintendence of Prof. 



9%.f.t. 



to s;to'^oO 8rij" 'io qx/oia Ml-tmBl e oal^s ejfjw stsiIT .IIsxmiiD i)Tia 

moil- jY^^BfiioH .T ,lf .^M ^cf f^9^^njJ0m,8n£T££l ein^O ,tIoW si-^iBi'? 

Eslqrrti^xr? :f;^9n,r!: ©ricT lo sno ..n.. ...nijonoM ni Deniisctdo ansmioeqa 

Oi-icr 10 quo-ia ^limBl b oaI>j isons.-^eixe nl ani:Jmrom jBmmjsm 'io 

baB ,aBxe? mo-^tl « BJj)n iome von b 1 a if :} bT jOlIli>BnnA belrrBa-snlM 

.aB2nB>' =-!0'ft c^'iBOl-temB BaJbixBT ,iesl:.Ba nBoi-ismA en:^ lo isiicfonB 

• ClMi:>iKAM '"€0 fiaqY? 

tBioeoaC 'io ouctBcta ii&i:itoq .-. ,,v^. , c fc;.):iB-r:tii9 e..^ ib6W 

©erfooorfB;r:tBriO exicT no mod bbw odw ,leiiio sloniraea cfBeis arii 
-ol'^ 9ii;t ni 9lqo9q airf bsl orfv/ bnB ,1^081 ni »bIsio8G nl ,i9VJtH 
f'CtBeb airf Mb ©in:tqBo airf ^^d bobns sbw nririw »t:bV n.Bibnl Bbii 
-oexiT bnB niloO eJIirioA vd belebom sbw eit/ail aidT .3S8I nl 
a^nsasiqg-i bns ,niI:JBO 931090 \rd lJ:B*i;tioq b moil ,aIIiM 910b 
.lewoq ;tes;?B8is ^' • "^o emli edi ^b Isirio ibw 9ri;t 
Yd b9oOBi;r;?B ^Taiil saw noijns^iB ^BwrfoiB 9rf;t bno^jsS 
aebis edi no begnBiiB 91bw rCnirfw ^aouj^il bemwcfaoo ^0 a9iiea & 
619W 9asfiT .aevcc:.:.. ,..,.; 0. eonBictng srll :rB Ilsrl nxBm 9":^ ^- 
iBOlnrfcts erl^ I-.hb aie;JoBiBdo Ibo JteYfiq 9'^^ 9:tB*Ji3uIIi oi babnectni 
erfct lo 89qY;f olcrali9:toBiBjrio cfsom adJ lo 9vl&w:t lo a9mrr5soo 
beSidldKe won ei9w rfoliiw lo ^Taotn ,3omi;:r80o oiIT .a9lo9qa nBmjLrxt 
bnB ai©ioIqx9 sdi \:d beioelloo ne&6 b&d ^emii i^iit 3d:t lol 
-qlj/08 nl ,89iiT§il edi bns ^rtoiiu^ sJp.nl edj lo 8;tn9bnoqaenoo 
-nudB moil 10 9I i r ..o-,- •- --^jt •-■ bsl. .......; n99d evBrf ,-p^3Blq 3»io;t 

.loi«; lo 9on9bfi9.tiij;i9qija bdj iBbnsj tmueBsM srit nl iBiie^^Bm in&b 



136 



Mason and the immediate direction of Dr. Walter Hough. Each 
of the four divisions of mankind was represented by three 
figures. 

Although dispersed through the entire Exhibit their 
relation to each other is so intimate that they are here group- 
ed together. Their sequence is indicated by the large numbers 
above the cases. 

BLACK TYPES. 

(1). Papuan , of New Guinea, modeled by Theodore A.Mills, 
from photographs in the National Museum. 

Costume: a feather plume, earrings, and nose-pin, 
anklets of shell-disks with boar's tusk pendant, armlets, and 
wristlets of shell, and a large waist-belt of bark, carved on 
the exterior. 

(2). Australian , from the Clarence River district, Aus- 
tralia; modeled by Theodore A. Mills, from photographs. 

The figure carries a boomerang and wears an apron 
of Kangaroo skin. 

(3). Zulu , from Southeast Africa, modeled by Henry J. 
Ellicott, from photographs by Emil Holub. 

Costume: an apron of cow tails: assegai held in hand. 

BROWN- RED TYPES. 

(4). Americ an Indian, of the Jivaro stock of Peru, modeled 
from a life-sized painting by Peruvian artist in National Museum. 



-qu-013 ST9fi 9ti3 XQdi iBd:} e^BfclcfnJ: 08 si lei-fio nrojss o.^ noi^Blei 

• 39CB0 6r{;t SVOCfB 
.8a<IYT XOAja 

jalllM.A 6tobo9riT ^^d belebora ,B6.Ti'j^ w&Vl to ,m£ij<j^ .(!} 

•mueairfvf i&rtoiiBH erivf ni ariqxjiaotoifq itiotl 

r.o Deviao ,5iiBQ 10 :tlad-:r8i-iiw 931^1 s bns ^Ilarfa lo a^olcfaiiw 

• 'roli9Jx9 orf:t 
-auA ,:>n^ti3ib isviH n,,.,.-,.,. rn ...r^ oil .nBllBtisuA , (S) 

• cdqi3i30^odq raoTi ,aIIiM .A aioboedT yd bslebom ;BilBi;t 
notqs nB aisew bnjs gnBiaraood a ael^tao s-rugil edT 

.nisCs ooiBgnsX lo 
." >:in9H Yc^ bslsbom ^soiilA .+ ajs9ricfjjo8 raotl ^ uiuS .(5) 

.duIoH lifna y^ adq^igotorfq moil eJ-^T 00 III 3 

.foiiBii rri ')r.=:-{ iBseaaB l^li^ii v/00 lo no-iqB .fB : ainuJaoO 

i)3ls;>am,ri-T9^ lo >iOo:fa oisvtl sdi lo t£B£finI nMoiiemA .{^) 
rnueai/M iBnoictBM ni :r3i.+tfl natvuisl -jd anicTnlBq bssia-elil a moil 



137 



Costume (collected by Lieut. W. E. Safford, U. S. N. ) : 
apron of feathers of tropical birds upon a foundation of bark 
cloth, anklets, etc., of seeds, beetle wings, and teeth of 
monkey and puma. 

The Jivaros live on the headwaters of the Maranon and 
are thought to belong to an independent stock* 

The other native stocks of North America are repre** 
sented more fully in groups elsewhere displayed. 

(5). Dyak , from Borneo, modeled under the direction of 
W.T. Hornaday from photographs made by himself in Borneo. 

Costume: a Malay sarong. The weapons are a spear of 
native manufacture and shield with tufts of human hair, and a 
curious serpentine dagger of the form called the creese . 

(6). Maori , of New Zealand, modeled by Henry J.Ellicott, 
from New Zealand photographs in the National Museum. 

Costume: robe of New Zealand Flax, Phormiu m tenax; 
shoulder cape of feathers. Scepter of a chief held in both 
hands. 

The Maoris, at present on the verge of extinction, are 
among the most perfect types of physical beauty. 

YELLOW TYPES. 

^'^^ ' Eskimo , from Hudson Bay, modeled by Theodore A.Mills, 
from photographs and from life masks in the National Museum. 
Costume: reindeer skin with gloves of polar bear 
skini collected by New Bedford whalers. 



• VJJU 



to iUBBS bciB eBarxiw slised ,3i)*^es lo ,.ote ,3l:^l5ln£i ,dcfoIo 

.i)9YBlq3ii) 9-:ce>r{w9al9 aqjjoia nl i£llijl 910m Jb9:trt3a 
lo aoUoetlb erfct i©f,nu ftslsbom ,08moa moil ,£.3^(1 .(a) 

.ooniea ni tiearaiff ^cf 9l)Bin adqaigotorfq mml x^bBntoH .T.W 

B bnB .-xlEd nBm'jd I0 acfiacf di iw blstda bns B'xi!iOBtna£>m ^vU^n 
•£?9.^J-^ edi bsIlBo ra-tol: aK,i --.o "xg^g^ij QaUneq-fSQ euoliuo 
tiiooliriiT.v r-T.-tsK ^^cJ belebom ,i)n^iij9S wsK lo ,^to_5M (a) 

.rajJ98i;M iBffoilBPl srf^ ni ar{qis-i3ocfo;iq foajsIasS wsl raoil 

liiod.ni blen: leirlo ^ 10 -teiqeoB .Q-rsdisel 'io ftqao isMuorfg 

9iB,nol:tonJ:.tx9 lo egisv edi no iasBsiq ts eSli-rojaM edT 

.^iiSBBd iBolaYrfq lo ssq^d- cfoa'tteq ;faora 9ri^ anoraa 

talliM.A 9'^oi)09f{T v.u ij^isL^ora ,ybS iioai)uH moYl ,omiiiaa .(V) 

.rny93u!l! IsnoicTjeH arfcT ni a^Isjsm 9'iil mo^^ bnjs 3r{qj8"i3o;torfq moil 
iB9d iBloq lo aevols ff^iw nijfa t09i)nio-i iGmucTaoD 

.ai9lBriw i)ioll)9a W9M x^f bectoslloo Xni^Ca 



(®^* Tibsta-^ i from Eastern Tibet, modeled under the direc- 
tion of W. W. Rockhill from photographs taken by him in Mongolia. 

Costtime: a woolen robe and boots of native manufac- 
ture • 

(9). Siamese , modeled by Theodore A. Mills, from photo- 
graphs obtained by General J. B. Halderman, U. S. Minister to 
Siam. 

Costume: robes of native fabrics, presented by the 
King of Siam. 

WHITE TYPES. 

(10). Arab sheik , modeled by Monsieur He'bert, replica of 
his figure in the Trocadero Museum, Paris. 

Costume: woolen robe or burnoo se, turban of camel's 
hair, with cord, etc., gift of the Trocadero Museum. 
J (11) .Armenian, from Erzerum, modeled by Theodore A.Mills, 
from life. 

Costume (collected by Talcott Williams, of Philadel- 
phia): a turban, embroidered coat and trousers and robe of 
blue gros-*grain silk, shot with gold. 

(12) .Berber, from North Morocco, modeled by Theodore A. 
Mills, from photographs by Talcott Williams. 

-Costume (collected by Talcott William.s) : an inner 
garment and outer robe called the haik ; gun of native manufac- 
ture. 



-osiii) 9ii^ t9bnu Jb9l9f)oni td-acTiT nis^aBa fnoTl ^nBcTscfiT .(3) 
.3iIo^noM nl mid ^d neslsct srlgBigoctofiq rao^l IlirWooH .W .W "io noiS 
-Oiitiins.^ eviian io acfcod bna, etfoi neloow b tsmsj.iJBoO 

~o:forfq moil ^sXIlM .A STObosrlT ^cf bolsfcofn .Dssrasia .(e) 

•rsBiS 
9rf:t Y<^ bscfneaeiq ,3oi^dBl QYlijsa lo asdoi :9mu;t8oO 

.ea<IYT STTIIIW 

Io ...^j.lq9i ,.tT9d9H lusianoM ^^d bslsbom ^xisria diS'xA. (Ql) 

• aJfciB^ tmj.rs3uM oiabsooiT siii ni siugll airi 
8*l9raso Io HBdiuj- t eao on-Tird -to edoi tsIoow : omucfaoO 

..tiij98£jM 0"i9.bj300iT 9ri:t lo i11% ^,DiQ ,D-:oo diivi fiiBd 
,3lIiM.A 9*T0f)09riT Yd f)9l9Jbom jGiinssia moi^ ^nalnemiA. (ll) 

.9lJcI raotl 
-l96Blirf<J "to ,amBiIIiW ^JooIsT Yd i)&^o9lIoo) sraifJsoO 

to sdo'i bnB a-isaaoicr bns isoo l)9'I9f>io^dm9 tn&diist e : (siriq 

..0I03 lictiw :forfa <jlli3 niB-is-ao-is 9uld 
• A e-rcbosriT Yd belebom joooo-ioltj rUioPf rao'Tl ^^ied-xeQ, (SI) 

• araBilliW tioolBT Yd adqB-iaoJoriq moil ,3lIiM 
I9nni r?B : (amB xlliW :fc^ooIBT vd 09:^0:1100) 9mu;t3oO 
-OBlun^arii 6y;::tBn ^c riua ;:?I lBff sdJ dqIIbo sdoi 'i9vti;o bna :tn9m*iBa 

• 91JJ^ 



139 



DEPARTfiEENT OF BIRDS. 

The birds were shown in six cases, five of which con- 
tained groups mounted in the midst of accessories which repre- 
sented their natural surroundings and are intended to illus- 
trate their habits and characteristics of different ages and 
sexes. (Alcoves C, D) . 

Bower-Bir ds and thei r Play h ouses. —This illustrates 
the curious habits of the Satin Bower-Birds of Australia which 
construct a "run," or bower of twigs, decorated with brightly- 
colored feathers, shells, bleached bones, and other conspicuw 
ous objects. They steal buttons, and other bright things from 
the natives, who, it is aaid, search these bowers for objects 
which they miss from their houses. 

Lyre Birds and their Dancing Mound«-^The Lyre Bird, 
Menura super ba, is peculiar to Australia, where it inhabits the 
densest forests. It has a curious habit of building round hill* 
ocks, upon which the male parades with outspread tail while ut- 
tering his curious cries. 

Americ an Flamingoes and their Nests (from a photo- 
graph).— This group shows the manner in which the Flamingo sits 
upon its eggs; the specimens are from the Bahama Islands, where 
the nests are made of decomposed white coral* 

Mexican Jacanas.— These specimens, from Lake Patzcuaro, 
in Miehoacan, Mexico, illustrate the peculiar habit of walking 
upon floating leaves of aquatic plants, for which these birds 
are well adapted by their long, slender toes. 



.scrm?? TO ?ii3L{THAS[aa 

-noo rioirfw Jo erlt ,aea.oo xte ni aworfa eisw ajbixo erlT 
-e-^qs'i doLdvr aei-ioaasoo^ lo ^aDim erf? ni .ba^ntnorn eqaoi^ jbsnlis^ 
-awlli ocf b9l)ns;fni 91b bn^ aanljbnijoiirja I.oiy^fBn lisrf? bsctnsa 
^^HB aeas icieisJItb Jo Bol^BttBio.^i3tio Mb aJidBrf -.ie.^i.t s^^^:r 

•(0 ,0 asvoolA) .30x93 

-Y'Tiloi-xd rf:tiw DscTB-roosb ,3sxw:t ^0 le^rod ic %nut" b ^oyi.t3noo 

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mo^J a^azdi id^iid leri-o bn^ .^noJUjd iBs^Ta ^erfT .a^oo^do ai/o 

a:toeUo -rot aiswoo sasrij .iui^oa ,^1bb 31 ii ,o.[w ,39vicrBn 9dJ 

.assi/Oii tisrf.t rrrdi^ aa.t'g -^©rf^ doirfw 
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-Iliri DHuoi aalbliud lo ^idBd auolTi/o B aBrf il .arrasiol .ta9an9b 
«^u olxriw ns^ bBBiqaivo rf:tii7 asbBiBq slani 9dcr doMw no-y ,35loo 

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-o.toriq B moil) 8j^s^eg_il9riX /£:^^, .a 9 oanlmBl'g: fl^o -tigmA 
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9-?^^'- jSMBlal BCBrfBa 9d^ moil GIB SHSffiiosqa 9ri;J ;3;53e aii noqjj 

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,oiBUos*B<I 9?iBj iHoil ,3nernin9:rs 3£9rfT-.-.8BnB0iiT. nsolxeM 

Snl5ilB-^' Jo ildBd 'iBlluci^q Bai Qi.,iiaulli ,ooix9?v? ,aBOBorfolM nl 
abiid 93911^ rioidw '£01 .siriBlq oiiBupB lo asvB9l anicfBOll noqu 



140 



" The Inte rrupted Dinner*" — This group, mounted by Mr. 
F. A. Lucas, received a diploma of honor at the Boston Exhibi- 
tion of the Society of American Taxidermists. A Red-Tailed 
Hawk while eating a Grouse or Pheasant, is attacked by a ma- 
rauding Goshawk. 

Col lectiv e Exhibit of Bi rda of Paradise .— A represen- 
tative collection, including about thirty different species of 
this family of birds from New Guinea, so remarkable for the 
beauty of its plumage. 

DEPARTMENT OF REPIILES. 

A group of the poisonous snakes of the United States 
(Alcove E) , in connection with which was shown the important 
illustrated memoir upon "The Poisonous Snakes of North America" 
by Dr. Leonhard Stejneger, which had Just been published by the 
Museum* 

The specimens had been brought together from widely 
separated localities. 

The following species were represented: 
1. Diamond Rattlesnake, Crotalu s adamanteus, Southwestern 
States; 2, 3. Banded Rattlesnake, Crotalu s horridus , Eastern 
States, south to Florida and the Mexican Gulf, west to Kansas; 

4. Prairie Rattlesnake, Crotalus confluentus, Great Plains; 

5. Western Diamond Rattlesnake, Crotalus atrox. Southern United 
States, from Texas to the Gulf of Calif rrnia; 7,8. Southern 
Ground Rattlesnake, Sistrurus miliarius. Southeastern States; 



0^1 



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-xdif{x3 110.^309 9rfi j-B lonori to Bcrolqib b bf.v'-po=)"r .^rouJ .A .'5 
belt^T^be'Fi A .acfaimabixijT niioiicniA "lo ^w^QiocS o;U lO no Li 
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1o asiosqa iaQistllb xi-xtrii iuods anii)jjlc»ni ,noiio9lloo svitjscf 
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•raiJ9&IAI 
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ms*3Gwri^i/oS tair9ti i£fnB. bB aulB^tQiO ^ sTUinssI^jBH JbnomjsjfcCI .1 

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medtuoB .8 ^V ; BintTjliXsO to JluQ edd ot aBX9T mo^l ,ae;tB;t3 

;39:t3:t8 ni9cfaB9d.:i 1/08 ^^nsLtSLLhn. si/iuT^aiS ^ 9:jfBns9l:tiBH bniroit) 



141 



9, 10. Copperhead, Agkistrodon c on t o r tr ix , Eastern and Southern 
States; ll'-lS. Water Moccasin, Agki s t r odon pi s c i voniB , South* 
eastern States; 14. Harlequin snake, Elaps fulyiusy Southeast- 
ern and Gulf States. 

DEPARTMENT OP PISHES. 

The Department of Pishes shows (Alcove E) a portion 
of a collection, which, if exhibited as a whole, would have 
contained a representative of every one of the tv^o hundred and 
fifty existing families of fishes. The abridged collection 
actually shown included seventy-three of the most characteristic 
American families. 

The method of installation was a new one. 

DEPARTMENT OF COMPARATIVE ANATOMY. 

This collection occupied the wall space in Alcoves C. 

-■•t 

arid D. , and its exhibit, arranged by Mr. F. A. Lucas, was in- 
tended to illustrate the structure of a considerable number of 
the most interesting types of the animal kingdom. 

The collection was arranged in four groups as follows: 
Represe ntative Forms of In vertebra te Animals. -'-He re 
were exhibited most of the orders of the invertebrate animals 
in such a manner as to illustrate their external appearance, 
general structure, and mode of growth. The smaller and more 
perishable forms, as well as certain details of anatomy, were 
illustrated by enlarged models and drawings. 



1^1 



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bns b&tbnud owj 9ri;J 'io sno \iev^ to 9vi.'tB«-tii9a6Tqei b bet^tsinoo 

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• eno won b sbw noi;tBllB:teni lo ijoii^gm 9rfT 

.YMOTAHA aVITAHA^Ol; lO TKSMTaAqaCI 

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-ni SBv/ jejsouJ .A .a .iM vd l)93nB'riB ,:tidirix9 aJi bas , .d dhb 

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•raobsni?t iBrninB er^" " ?;9qY^ ani:^39io^ni ^aora Qdi 

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.agniwBib bn& al9bora b9§iBln9 ^cf bQiaiiauLLi 



142 



Embryolo gy and Development.xi^Here was shown the early 
stages of various animals, showing the curious transformations 
undergone by the Starfish, the Water Beetle, the Lancelet or 
Amphioxus, the Trout, and the Prog; the development of the 
domestic fowl and the earlier stages of man. There was also a 
series of models showing the development ,pf the gastrula , the 
most important and significant germ form of the animal kingdom, 
through which all animals above the Protozoa pass in the ear- 
liest period of development. ^^.,, „,, 

Modificat ion of the Skelet on for Locomotion.-'^This 

series was intended to show how the Pish, Turtle, Penguin, and 

the Seal, representing fo.ur:^,c,la.^s^^, ,pf animals, are so modified 

as to be all equally at home in the water; how the Bat can fly 

like a Bird, a Prog leap like a Kangaroo, and a Snake swim, climb 

and crawl, although it possesses no limbs at all. The modifi*- 

cations of the skeleton for^ climbing are illustrated by a Maca** 

que, a Specter«lemur or Tarsier, and a Sloth; modifications for 

leaping by the Jerboa, Kangaroo, and Prog; for crawling, by a 

and 
Water Snake; for digging, by the Mole and Gopher; for swimming, 

by the Pur Seal, the Penguin, the Turtle and the Golden Mackerel 

or Crevalle; for sailing, by a Flying Lemur, or Colugo, a Pha«- 

langer, and the strange little lizard, Draco volans , known as 

the^PJtying Dragon;" for fjiying, by a Stork and a Bat. 

Above the cases are shown the skeletons of a Black 

Bear, a Tapir, a Manatee, and a Porpoise. 



fc 



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-BOB^I ii Yc^ b9;tBi;ramii 9t>3 gftldnftilo. to'i noctalssia erfj lo anoi^BO 
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143 



Ana 1 ml ca 1 Mod e j. s_ Illustrating Structure* — ^^The se 
ICodels- are on a large scale, and are intended to show organs 
which are so minute in size, or so delicate in structure that 
they cannot otherwise be exhibited. One model illustrates the 
structure of the Precious Coral, and teaches how the various 
single polyps are connected with each other and to have a com* 
mon circulation so that what is eaten by one benefits all. 
Others show, upon a large scale, the various organs of compli* 
Gated anatomy of a large Fish, a Medusa, a Fluke-Worm, a Marine 
Worm, a Bee, a Frog, and a Perch. 

DEPARTMENT OP MARINE INVERTEBRATES. 

This exhibit was in part, a continuation of that of 
the Department of Comparative Anatomy and included, arranged 
nearly in systematic order, a series of specimens representing 
the principal groups of marine animals, beginning with the low- 
est or Protozoa, and embracing at the other extreme the Aaci« 
dians and Cephalopods and the Amphioxus or Lancelet, which is 
by many authorities regarded as the transition between inver* 
tebrate and vertebrate animals. 

An attempt was made to stlow the general character of 
the lower forms of animals which inhabit the ocean. The series 
began with the Foraminifera, the smallest of the shell«*bearing 
Protozoa, and ends with the forms which are believed to be the 
nearest to the vertebrate animals. Most of the types shown are 
familiar only to the professional mnaturalist, and are not even 



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144 



provided with popular names; no attempt was made, therefore, 
to describe this series in detail or to do more than mention 
some of the most familiar types. Sponges were shown, both as 
they grow and after preparation for use, and among them was the 
beautiful lace-^like "Venus' Flower Basket," There were also 
Sea-anemones, Corals, and Jelly-fishes, among the specimens il- 
lustrating the group Coelenterata, etc., some of the most beau- 
tiful being from the Naples Zoological Station and the explora- 
tions of the Pish Commission off the New England coast. Among 
the Sea-Worms are the forms known as Sea-Mice, Sea-Centipedes, 
and Tube-Worms. The group known as Echinodermata was illustrat- 
ed by specimens from each of its five orders: (l). The Crinoids 
or "Sea-Lilies;" (2), The Starfishes; (3), The Ophiurans or 
"Brittle-Stars;" (4), The Echinoids or "Sea-Eggs;" (5), The 
Holothurians or "Sea-Cucumbers." There were also specimens of 
the Cephalopod Mollusks, including the Pearly Nautilus, the 
Octopus or "Devil-p-Fish," and the Squids and Cuttlefishes. 

The series ended with the representative of the so- 
called Protochordata, which includes the Ascidians or "Sea« 
Squirts," and the Lancelet, which, as has been said, occupies 
debatable ground, and was also shown in the exhibit of the 
Department of Fishes. 

DEPARTMENT OF MOLLUSKS. 

■^ .'" "^ ^. ' 

This was shown in Alcove F, and is properly a part of 
the synoptic series of marine invertebrates. It was exhibited 



>k^ 



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• a 911 a .fc*? "J o • -< Pm;? laq 9(1 



145 



in a single table case, and Mr. 0. T. Simpson had made the most 
of the very small space available in selecting specimens which 
showed the wonderful beauty and variety of form in the class of 
Mollusks. The exhibit is described by him as follows:-- 

The families and sub-families of recent shell«»bearing 
mollusks are arranged essentially according to Tryon*s "Struc« 
tural and Systematic Conchology," nearly all the shell-bearing 
families are represented. 

In the collection Nos# 1 to 4 represent families of 
the Class Cephalopoda, the most highly organized of the Mol-^ 
lusks. It includes the Chambered Nautilus, represented by nu- 
merous species in past geological ages, but of which only four 
species are now living; the Argonauts, or Paper Sailors, a genus 
in which the female only has a shell, or rather an egg-^case, 
which is detachable from her body; the Octopuses, Cuttlefishes, 
Squids and Ammonites; the last being extinct shells with raarveli« 
lously complicated chambers. 

No«5 represents the Pteropoda, a class of Mollusks 
having thin, fragile, glassy shells which float on the surface 
of the sea. They are sometimes called "Sea Butterflies,** and 
serve as food for whales* 

Nos. 8 to 136 represent the Class Gasteropoda. Of 
these Nos. 66, 67, 70-75, 129-132, are families which inhabit 
fresh water; Nos. 119-128 are terrestrial, and the remainder 
for the most part live in the sea. The shell of the Gastero- 
pods is typically spiral, but varies from a mere flat plate like 



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;tJ:dBdnx rfoiriw ssilxmBl; 91B t£;e;i-esi je/C"»Ov ^ v6 ,da .aoM eaeri;^ 

'^sbniBrasT 9d.t Mb ,LBLiiZGiisi s'i& S^L-^^IL .aoW ;'ie;tBW riaeil 

•^aeia&x} edi lo Ileds edT .Brs frit n.t evil iiBq ^aom sr{."t *rol 

93fiX 9^BXq isll fciem js ii; ; .. i-,-.^,i.L'j(; y j;jLi jjjo'iiqa vXX ^oiq^i ai abcq 



146' 



that concealed under the mantle of Llmax , through conical, tub- 
ular, and coiled forms to the regular spiral. Nearly all spiral 
shells are dextral (right-handed), but some few families or 
genera are sinistral (left-handed), as for example the Acha- 
tinellidag (No. 118) • The Gasteropods include a large number of 
useful, ornamental species. Among those of economic importance 
are the Buccinidae , the Littorinidse , and the Trochidafr , many of 
which are used for food. 

No.l37 represents the class Scaphopoda. The shells 
of some of this class are used by the Indians for making wampum. 

Nos. 138 to 199a represent the class Pelecypoda or 
Bivalves. Most of these are marine, but Nos. 179 and 160 live 
in fresh water. Many are beautiful and valuable, while others 
are injurious. The wood-borers (No. 141) destroy the piling 
and the planking of vessels and dry-docks. Some of the Myti- 
11 dee and Ostreidae are editele. The Aviculidae produce pearlsf -i=m*i 
and mother-of-pearl. 

The class Brachiopoda, which doubtfully belongs with 
the Mollusca, was extremely abundant in past geological ages 
but is now represented by only a few species, most of which 
inhabit deep seas. ' s«rlA.^ cv., 

DEPARTMENT OF INSECTS. 

This display occupied the wall space in Alcove F, and 
was of course very far from completeness either as an exhibit 
of insects or as an illustration of the wealth of material in t 
the entomological collections of the Museum. Here, thanks to 



iBitqs, llB v.I"fS9Tl .Ijiixqg iBlwgsi eiii oi zfr.iol &©Iioo bnB ^'tQlu 

-afioA arCd- elqmjsxs t[o1 bb , (bsbrsiirf-cfiel) iB-icTeiniE otib isieneg 

lo tefimun egiBl js ebiTloni aX;oqoi»iaBC' sriT .(aiLoJl) ftfciXJsnit 

©onBcTioqciJ: oimonoo© lo eaor";^ ^^noraA .seioeqs iB^Jnamamo ^lulesu 

..bool lol i)eaii siii lioiriw 

allsiie ©fiT .BJboqoifqBoS 38r.Io sri:;? s.tn9a9iqeT V£I.oK 

.rauqmjsw ?ini:>[;:im -rol Qr.Bibnl f=>'''> x6 beau sib ssbIo sifii Io emos lo 

10 £j3oqvo9r©q saslo sriJ unsasfqet B€ei oi 3<r.I .aoH 

svll 081 bns eVI .aoW :tird ,9nlfain &ib eaericr lo ;faoM .sevlBvia 

Btorijo elinw ^slrlj-urT^v dhb XtJfli:;ruB6o' ets "zn^l •le.ljsw riBStl ni 

'%nlllq edi yco^::ii)&D {li^l .oH) aisTod-Loow erfT .auoiitj(,ni eicjs 

•"ii^ 9rf^» lo smoa .a5{oofc~Y."fi> £'ne alesaev lo gni^inalq 9r[^ b/ifi 

. :. -^ ali.ti9q esuI^OTq ssfcllcoiYA 9r(T ^sLizbe et£ atjl}iei:r80 i)nx; aeiMI 

.IiBeq«-'lo-''i€irCioni bitiJ 
xiv+iw agnolscf Y-^IrjlcfdiLvofi doldw fBboqoldOBtQ. aa;.JlD ftrfT 

ae^jB IfeolMoioes d'SBq .... i:nBbnii6B v£am9i:^xf'> pbw ^BO-MrrroM bdi 
dold'K io jaoffl tSSJtoeqa w©'5 b ^jlno td £>ecfn93 9iq9i won si JiJd 

• siisa qeeb iidadni. 

hns ,'5 ovooIA n.f: eoaqa JIbw 9d;t f)9iqwj)00 ^BlqailJ aiilT 

ii6s.dxo HB SB *f6dc?iG aaenslslqmoo moil if:.x v-rev eaiuoo 1.0 3bw 

::' n.t iBiie^tBm Io dilBe^' edi Io noUBi^auIIi hb aB io s;:^OQanl Io 
oi ailnBrfcf ,9i9H »miiQQsM edi Jo anoicfoelloo iBOigoIomocfne 6d;J 



147. 



the pains of Prof. C. V. Riley, the limited space had been 
utilized to admirable advantage. The exhibit is described by 
feim as follows:** 

The chief exhibit, arranged in twenty-four frames, 
is designed to illustrate the peculiarities of the various 
families of insects. It is limited to Hexapods, or Insects 
proper, and does not include the Spiders, Mites, and Myriapods, 
and in fact some of the families of the true insects are neces- 
sarily omitted. The object of this family exhibit is a two** 
fold one: first, to give the student the salient characterise 
tics by which he may be enabled to refer any insect to the fami- 
ly to which it belongs, and also to illustrate what are con- 
sidered as family characteristics as compared with the larger 
and lesser groupings or alliances. The second object is to give 
a very good exhibit of the North American fauna, since by se*- 
iecting types illustrative of each family the beholder gets a 
very fair impression of the character of the North American 
insect fauna, the family illustrations all being drawn from 
North America. 

The second portion of the exhibit is designed to re*- 
lieve the monotony of a series prepared solely for instruction 
by adding something pleasing to the eye. Thus eight frames 
have been atranged as a sort of attractive entrance to the al- 
cove. These consist of beautiful Lepidoptera and Coleoptera 
which have been purposely chosen from the four great sections 
of the globe not represented in the family collection. Thus 



need b&d eosqe beilmtl srict ,^9li . .0 .loi^ lo anlBq 8ri;f 
vd I)9diioasi) si jMdirCxe 9rf.T .a^^sSnsvbs QlGBimbA c^ bB^iliiis 

- : 3 wo i i ■: a J5 m i 4 

t'AboqBLtxyi ^-njj tSe^xM ,a-iei)iqc edi ebuloai Son zeob bus ,ieqoiq 

-3 60 en STB .rivfoeani Quii edi lo QeilltHBli erii l.o emop .+ oi>l nt bns 
-->'••' : ':: iidliixo \:IiinB'^ -^'-^ '■ - •'•--■•f-^ ori:! .-yjiimo ^I-tiBs 
«ai'j;©J ois'ijsrfo ^iieiXije aiii cTjieufrja srij ©vis o) fiaiil : ©no i)X6l 

•imsl ©ri^ o^ cfoeanl ^ns Tslei oi belrf^ne sd Yjam erf rioiifw ^ci" aolc^ 

-noo --^'^ iariw 8;tBi;r3irII J; - ' ,i.j.\ uns ,sanol8d .1 lioirfw ocf -^1 

-i&^'iBl Qiii ditm iseiisqmoo sjs soiiaxiscToBiBiio T^IiraBl as i3s*iei»io 

»vig o.:r ai cToetcfo Ijnooes erfT .ssoniillLu to a§riiq;joT^. T©r.asJ bais 

.s aJt*:% 'iQbiod(d<i &di xlxm&t rioxs© lo Bvii&iiauljii. aeqxi gnxd-p9i£ 
HBolTainA n^ToK Qtii lo le^JoBTBrio erf^ lo noiaBSTqmx tlz't \'T6v 
JHOTl n'ft\BTi) snxQCi liB anoiJ^TctajjlJi: ^Ixm^i ot:;^' iJinujc,"i ctosanx 

• BoiTDxaA .d;?TOH 

-eT Oct jaangiael) ai ;tldt.,Kxo srl^t lo noiifTog bnooe>a srfT 

noictou-ilani toI YJ'e.Lo.;' veTBqsiq o&i:"/eK ^^ lo \;no:tonoin sds &vk>Xl 

aemBTl cTiiajle zudT .e^^s srli o:r gnxaselq p.aisiiomoQ -^iCilbbB xd 

-Lb ddi o.-t oonB'iiiie sYiioBiiiB lo J-;c be^aBt'^.e nosd evBd 

jSTeiqo6XoO I)aB iSTfi;fgo.oiqeJ I'.^ll:i i.:.,>bu lo Jaxanac uc. ja" ♦gvo~ 

anoiiaaa iBet-g tjjoi @r{;t ijioTl neaoxio YX©eoqTuq need svbxI rlolxlw 

awn'T •noi:;to©XIoo ^XimBl &di ni becrneaaiqeT ion sdoXg adcl lo 



jl48 



there are two boxes of European butterflies and moths, one of 
Asiatic, one of African, three of South American and one of 
South American beetles. These "show" cases, for such they prac- 
tically are, differ, however, from similar show collections in 
having each insect properly named, so that many a specimen which 
has perhaps become familiar to the Museum or Exposition visitor 
by virtue of its attractiveness and brilliancy will here b$ 
properly introduced by name, and thus give an added pleasure 
to those who wish to be. able to call things by name. 

DEPARTMENT OP PALEONTOLOGY. 

The exhibit occupied one double case in Alcove G, 
and was intended to show, so far as could be done in a small 
space, the character of the collections in the Museum and the 
manner in which they are arranged and labeled. It included one 
hundred and sixteen species of North American fossils, arranged 
according to their geological age, and is described as follows 
by Mr. Charles Schuchert-i- 

The fossils are arranged in the order of their appear- 
ance, or chronologically, with a view to illustrate some pecu« 
iiar characteristic of the geological systems. The surface 
distribution of each system is shown on the colored map of the 
Unoted States, on top of the case. The oldest undoubted fossil- 
bearing horizon in North America is the Cambrian which is dis- 
tinguished for the variety and abundanc© of its trilobites or 
lowly organized crustaceans (shown on the extreme left of the 
case). It is remarkable that so early in the history of life, 



Ic eno bns naof-smA disjoQ 1o »91r[:^ .naoiilA to eno .oiii^UA 

-OB-xq Tjari.- itoi/8 101 ,B&^Bo "wcria" eaoxlT .eelcTesd nBoi-iemA iidi/o8 

ni snoi.toslJoo ?/oxfE -''Gllmia moi^ tievev/o.i ^tel^ib ,eii5 yJlBoii 

lioirfw n6jnio®qa is ^jniirn ^arfc^ as ^bscusn ^Iiogoiq :Jo92ni doBB ^alvBii 

-ioiiatv nosilBoqx'A 10 cfOjssuM 9ri:f o:f iBilimBl ecioosd Bq^dseq aBri 

■^i 8-191^ Iliw x^njillltf6 bna aesnsvicroBi;t:tB 3^1 lo f^uiiilv ^d 

©lysBsIq l)9l)i).R rrB evi-g auifcf mb , snan ^d bBoubo^Snl Yl-^sqo-tg 

.t.'nuHi ^:a sgniii^t .riBD o;t eloB ed ocf deiw oriw saoricT o.t 

.Y00J0TH0HJA1 '50 TMSMTHA^Sa 

tO evQDiA ill ssBD siduoi) eno JDslqjjooo ;f idirfx© erfT 

llmtB B ni 9nof> sd Miroo aB ib1 ob ^worfa ocT b©.bn0;tn,i bbw fans 

9ri.t J^HB myesuM erfJ rri anoictn?)! Jo-s Mj^ 'io lecfoBtBdo 9ri.t ^eoBqa 

sno bebulonl il .i.RledBl dkb i;©ynB':iiii sib ^srii doiiiw ni lennBm 

l>e?3«BiiB tsl-taaol nBoi-fsniA r';fio?f lo aeioeqa nee^txie i)fiB beiDmid 

awoXIol SB fesditoaeb si baa ^egs lBoi^,oIo«s -^lerf.^ o:r ?.nii)ioonB 

— Mtafioi/ffoS aeliBdO ••xJI ^d 
-iBsqqB -iieAi lo i©i)io 9rl:r ni £;9anBTiB ©ib aliaao'l exlT 

-wosq sisoa 9;tBi:taiJlIi 0? T;r.iv 6 licTiw , YiiBDi^oIonoino 10 ,&onB 

©OBl'iiis en'T .ame^TaYB i^cioi^olosg eiij ^0 oi:taii©.toBiBiio iBi.^ 

ericT "to qam bQtoloo ecii no nworfa ai meiQ^a rioBe to noi:?wdiT:tsif) 

-liaao^t beSriuobn.^ ip.ablo eriT .asxso ^.di lo qo:? no .sscTb;??. beionU 

•-Bib al riDi-r^- nBjid mBD sdi ai BoiiemA ri^tioK ni noxiiori aniiaed 

to 8s;tidoIi*r;t ail: "lo Ban&bnuda bn.B xisitsv edS 10't bedalw^tiii 

Bdi to ;J't©X »rr5©fctx9 edi no nv/orig) eri;S».oB^a.2rro josivinBg-to ^Iwol 

tstil to Y'^coJEid ertJ ni \:Iib© oa cfBd^ sldBXiBmei si ^I .(eaBO 



149 



great diversttjb of structure is attained, since this system has 
all the essential types of invertebrate animals or organisms 
without internal hard skeletons, such as Sponges, Corals, Mol« 
luscs and Crustaceans. In the next section— -the O rdovician syS" 
tem— the Mollusca or shell-bearing animals are present in great 
diverJItty of form. These animals continue prominently through** 
out all succeeding geological formations and are particularly 
abundant in the Tertiary strata. The Devonian is marked by ex- 
tensive coral reefs, of which but a few species can be here 
shown on account of their large size; at this time peculiar 
strongly armored fishes also abound. The Carboniferous system, 
more particularly the Lower Carboniferous, is characterized by 
the development of Crinoids or stone lilies, animals related to 
Star-Pishes. A number of excellent specimens from the celebrat- 
ed locality at Crawfordsville, Indiana, are shown. This system 
is also peculiar for the first abundant and diverse development 
of land plants whose remains have supplied the material for the 
many coal seams. In the shale bands between the coal or in the 
roofs of coal mines beautiful ferns abound, some of which are 
shown • 

In the Carboniferous air-breathing animals occur 
rarely but in subsequent strata land animals are more numerous. 
In the Jurassi c or the system immediately below the Cretaceous 
great reptile-like animals, the Dinosaurs, abounded, some seven- 
ty feet and more in length, continuing to the close of the 

Cretaceous. Among shelled animals the ibimonites are particular- 
ly peculiar to these systems. 



8Brf taeiSY/a airier sonis ,b9rT.ri3tJB si siucfoLrTis J- .■^ti'mevib ^^^-^-ryi 

-loM talB-foO ,39snoq8 as .rfoua »Bnot9l93i8 oibA iBn-ieial .tuoiltlw 

;tB9iS -^-t ^nees-Yq bib rii^i^iixiii; ;gniii33d-il9n3 'lo bd3uIIoM exij" — ms:?' 
-rfai/oiii^t Tjl^tnsnlraoiq Si/nicfnoo ala^i/iB eseriT .raiol to vJig^tQvlb 

yJ-iBluni^iBq 91J3 bnB cnoi.tarH-iot lojoi'^.oloea anJtJbaeoDrjo 

--^^^ :>^ :>^•;i^i5m ax n^oino/ia^I sclT .j3<tB-s;fa x'i^lite'! 9rf:t rtl cfni^jjiii/dfi 

©ier{ 3d nso a-^-tosga irel a tyd rfoirlw lo ,alet>i I^ioo svip.nei 

tBlL-Joeq smtS atdt i.c \Bx.tz Bv^-jr.S ^iro.r.t 'to tnuocois to aworfa 

tin9:t8i;3 3jJo-Ysll nQ d>t.sO 9r:T -jDinrodB Oulx, ab:ialt hetotntii ^Ignoi-^c! 

Yrf -bssiieJoBiBrfo ai ,3uo-f9t.tnoofiBO tev/OvI edi y:LtBl.!jot:^t3q etorn 

o:f .beJBj-eT: zlnr-tins ,391X11 9r-ola ^fo Bo*r^^r.!■TO lo inernqolBveb siict 

-:tiiiQ3^su &:i^ mo'ii anrifiiiosqa cJ-,f9ll90X9 xo ledniwn A .aerfail-iB^S 

m9^aY2 airfT .nwoffa Qts ,BnBibnI , sIIivafiiolwBiO ;tB x^il-sool bQ 

w^n9cnqol9V9b &nf.evtt hmj. ^nsbrindB taTil edi -^ol TBlIcjoaq Ooj.... ... 

ed:t Tol Ij3ii6:rj:vf:i Brief Dsiiaqua ovBii anlBmsi osodw a^tnalq briBl 'to 

e.d;J ni io Iboo erfcf nssweTsd abiiBd slBiit. .amssa Iboo 7;niira 

9-iB doirfw lo sinoa ,i)nuodB an-xel luliiuBSd zeaim Iboo lo alooi 

•awoda 

luooo alsmlriB anJtrid-Botd-tiB ssjo-iellxaodiBO 8it;t nl 

.suo-rsmwfi otora sib al^imlnB briBi B;fB'i3-3 ^tasupeadua ax J-tju ^^leiBt 

5£°®9:^^.£l2 ®^^ wolod ^X9i'Bib9m£3J: ;lI9:Ja^r^ srfct to olaa BiijX. ericf ril 

•rfov93 v9moa ,Jbebfujod.B jQ-ruBaoniCI 9d:t ^alsminB 93CxI~3llcrq9T eT^sg-jg 

erf^ lo eaolo sdj- n-?- tif.f crat jnnn ^ -'.t<"wr--.r •■•{.: ■•'inr-- ;.'nH ■!-':'«:j1 vet 

•TBluolcfiBq 91B aeoflaomfaA srfJ Qlamin& belled^ gnomA . auogoB^tsTO 

.3ffle:f3"^a oeed^t o;t iBlIuoaq vl 



150 



From the Tertiary formations of the Rocky Mountain re- 
gion their young have been exhumed many and diverse mammals or 
animals that suckle. These are the ancestors of many modern 
land animals now inhabiting land areas than North America. 
Among them were other very small horses with three toes on each 
foot, camels, tapirs, elephants, etc. One of the characteris- 
tic sea animals of this time abcundiiig in the Gulf border region 
is the Zeuglodon Whale, a form related to both whales and seals. 
A restoration of the skeleton of this long and slender animal 
is shown, suspended from the roof. The shelled animals of this 
era at once remind us of living species. 

This collection also aims to show methods of display- 
ing fossils now in use in the Department of Paleontology. The 
fossils are cleaned of all adhering rock, and when possible a 
series of each species is selected to show specific varieties, 
being then glued upon encaustic tiles. The advantage of tiles 
lies in the fact that they will neither fade nor warp, are more 
uniform in size and nearly as cheap as paper or thin wooden 
tablets. In cases where the attached specimens must be removed 
this can readily be accomplished by soaking in water without 
injury to the tiles. 

DEPARTMENT OP GEOLO&Y. 

In a single case in Alcove H. was a collection illus- 
trating the occurrence and association of Gold and Silver in 
nature, which is thud described by Prof. George P. Merrill:— 



-fi'-f .-r r ' V "C rrr-.*f 



•xo al.».^. e«-,..,6 tHB ,na. i,e«.,fe.3 need ov.rf .n.o, .xe.t.. nolg 

-^ • < "MiqS-r* .atiqsi .alSOBO ,JoOt 

-.iBsa i,„B 3elB* rf.od 00' b.isls-, ..o^ b .eXarfW „oi>oIa„aS ..u ax 

I^iHB -.sta9i3 iyas snol a W? to no^sIa^Ja erf* to «oi.B^o*a.t A 

air'^ -" .1m:u.u ^elLeria arfT .loof Bdi mo-rt i,9i,a9qa«a ,nwoda ai 

• asiosqa anivix to au ontasT sono }b .51s 
-XSlqaXi -.o sbodtsm -orfa o.t araxB oaXa n, ' "..-/loo alrfT 
9rfT .v-aoXotnosXB? 10 Jnsmj-,Bqaa orf.. ,a .^i, nx won aXiaaoi ;,,-,x 
B sidxaaoq nsriw bn^ ,iooi snxtsrffiB XXb lo Dan^aXo s-xa aXXaaol 
.a.XieltBV onxoeqa ^orfs o.' i>s*oaXoa aX asxosqa rtose lo aeXtsa 
=' - -^ 33B*nBvi>B sriT .asXM olJaxrBons noq» i,9„ia asdJ gnXed 

siom STB ,q^BW -.on s6b1 tBMten XXl,v v9« larf* JobI srf.t nX aeXl 
nsboow ntriJ TO TsqBq 3b qBario .. ,,.,.„.„ „„^ ^^.^ „, ^,^„^^„„ 
svome-r ,,d Jam anooXoeqa iarfoBMB sri* at^.j, assBo r-I .iJaids* 
iuoAn^ -^^i^y, „i gni:i3oa ,cf X,9rfaxIqmoo»B ed -{IXftBot nBo aXriJ 

• asXlJ 9iix oJ i£-i«i.aX 

■a»XIl noXctosXXoo b sbw .H ov^-.r^ „, ^^.^^ gj.g„.^ ^ ^j 

nX 19VXXB 6nB ^XoD lo noXjBXaoaaB I>nB sona-cn/ooo ori* ;)nx*B-.i 
-tlXiTioM .^ ssToeg .lor.? ^d X,9dXioa9i> torW ax rfoXrJw .etixctan 



151 



The exhibit begins with a series of specimens shdwlng both 
the native metals and their compounds in the condition of great- 
est natural purity. This is followed by a series of the same 
compounds with their characteristic associations, but in which 
the metal-bearing portions are still plainly evident, and this 
in turn by a third series showing selected types of the ores, 
liK± as rained, but in which, as a rule, the metal or its com- 
pounds are scarcely discernible. 

Attention is called to the fact that while gold, aside 
from its native form enters as an essential constituent into 
less than half«-a»-dozen known minerals, silver occurs in upwards 
of six times as many. Thus gold, aside from its natural alloys 
with silver, (electrum) bismuth and palladium, is found in chem- 
ical combination with other elements only in the minerals pet- 
zite, sylvanite, krennerite, and nagyagite. Silver, on the 
other hand, is found native, as an alloy with gold (electrum), 
or mercury (amalgam), and also as an essential element in com- 
pounds forming nearly forty mineral specie^ more or. less well 
defined* 

Several of these compounds are very rare, and not at 

present included in the series exhibited. 
ill fc« ■ 

It is further to be noted, that while both gold and 
silver occur either as native or in compounds of such size as 
to be easily seen by the naked eye, the great majority of ores 
of either metal are composed in large part of other substances 
with which the metal is so finely and intimately admixed as to 



-tBoia lo noicTiJbnoo srf;J ni ai)nj;oqnioo iladi bn^ alBiQm eriiiia edi 

9itr,Gs B(^l- Jo asi-xoa b x6 .be^noilo'--: r. " airfT .^^;ti-rrjq lisiuiBn ^eo 
rioirfw fli ^t/d tS^oicf^iooaes oi.:^c,i-ie3o£.'mdo iLsdi diiw abnuoq&ioo 
5xn:r bn^ j^tneSiYS ^Inlijlq j:iJ::Ja oia rinoictioq a^Jt^£9d-.IB;t9m srld" 

tas-io fct/'d- lO aeq^^ ^ ©:?o^:jrf>e ^niworla fi'^'--^f>'^ 'v-. 'r^;:; ,> ---[ /-ff.-.':;- -.t 

• 9ldiai908ijb x^^otaoc. sin abnuoq 

tt^.t?v:i ,fjIos -^Xx.dw ;t.r3.ij> #oBl: s.d.-? oct ijollijo 3i aoiJn9;fiA 

ebitviwqw ni atnooo TevIJ-s ^aljs-ianJfcni nwonx n8sob-*j3-llBri nadi aaal 

s^J0IJ:i3 iB'iw^aa aii iito^il aljias ,JXto::^ audT .Ynjsra a'B asrai:^ xia lo 

-aedo ni Diiijol ai ^muibBllaq dub d+iiraaid (muictoole) ,"ieylia diiw 

~:Jsq alBienira 9d:f ni '<Ino a^tnemej^ 'sed.to diiw noi;JjsnidraoD Xjooi 

eri-i' ■:'■, <-{&vli8 .eii-!5B\:3£ifi ...;:.. t <r); ii:enri8T3{ » ff>iinBVl\!;a idiis. 

t{mL''iioei&) i)Xoa ritiw yoI-Cs h-b sb ^ftvi^iin i)n;jol ai ,i)n£id -tericTo 

--•^loo ni (tnemsXs XsiJnaass na a^ oaXs bna , (mB^X-sauB) ^luoism 'lo 

iisw as»X 10 STora aaioaqp- iBianim 'i^tiol y^*^^©-'^ §niffnol aiini/oq 

• i)9nil9i> 
.tB ^ofi hum ^eiBT y'^sv 913 aiJauoqinoo aasxl* to Xbi9V9S 

• i)9,ti.didxe asxiea sd.t ni r:>ei)jJloni ^neasiq 

bna i^Xoa d^od sXidw ctjBri^ <i)9;fon ad o:t isri^nul: ax ;tl 

as ssia doua lo abnuoqmoo ni -ro ^ivti^n sb tediie luooo 'levLla 

ao'io lo ■^■-tl'iocism J'sei;^ sd^t ? 9^9 b9:^Bn '^•^•^ -^d n^aa YXia.39 sd oi 

QQonsicidua terl.oo lo I'luq s^ibI ai beaoqmoo ota iBiem 'saddia lo 

o:t SB b9ximi>B 'iXstBroicfni bna xX9nil oa si Xs;f9ra edct doidw diiw 



152 



be invisible and determinable only by chemical means or where 
it occurs as a replacing constituent with other elements. Thus 
the most common form of gold ore is an auriferous pyrites, while 
the most common silver ore is an argentiferous galena. 

In the series as exhibited attention needs be called, 
first, to the native gold, that is, the gold found in the metal- 
lic state in nature, as displayed in the form of nuggets, leaf 
gold, wire gold, and gold-dust from various localities; second, 
to the compounds of gold with silver, tellurium, antimony, and 
sulphur as shown in the minerals petzite, sylvanite, krennerite, 
and nagyagite; third to the occurrence of the native metal with 
its associates, either as dust or nuggets in sand and gravel, or 
impregnating quartz, slate, calcite, and other minerals forming 
the characteristic gangue, and lastly to the series of gold 
ores, representing the metal^'bearing rocks as usually mined, 
and which, while, as above- noted, showing .no trace, on casuel 
inspection of the precious metal, nevertheless contain it in 

" r^ ■ 

sufficient amount to render its extraction by chemical or mech- 
anical means a profitable industry. 

The silver-bearing series is arranged in a similar 
manner. It is to be noted that while gold is common in depo** 
sits of sand and gravel, as "placer gold," silver very rarely 
occurs in this form, and is represented here only by the silver- 
bearing sandstone from Washington County, Utah. Native silver i 
in the form of "wire" or "moss" silver is, however, comparative* 
ly common as shown in the specimens from Mexico and Saxony. 



eiariw to PAxeem iBOlmedo m^ Yino QldBnlm^eSBh bns, .elcfiaxvni acJ 
9liffw,s9.tiT^q auoieliiuB ns si aio blor^ lo mio-i normnoo ;t8om edi 

-iB^sm siii ni hn^ro-t Moa 9ri.t ,31 .-^acf .olog evicf^n 9n:t oi .iQilt 

-tBBl ,5:t933un lo mtol erf-t ni fioYBlqaiD a.3 , eiucfBfi n.i &)s,ia oil 

^bnooee, jaeliilKooj ..roi-v... -.oil ^cL;b~i)Ioa bn^ ...103 eilw ,Moa 

«sJxT9nn.9-i3C ,9;fini3vlYa ,9:fis;t9q alisienliu ed;t ni nworfa a^ ijjrfqras 

10 ,I9VB13 fens fca^rj ni aJesayn 10 ;fsub ais igrfcTis ,39;tBJtooa3B 3:ti 

anira-io^ alBieaim i9ilc?o bns .eitolao .^i&L^ .^^i^i^p anio^m^.-r^qmi 

blo-:^ ^0 agiiea erf;? 0^ xUbbI bnB ,91x311^3 olcfaiia^ro^siBdo 8rf.t 

,.b9nim Y-TIbubu 8b ajloo'i a-^-ti^QcT-XxsitQm sdi ^niinQseiqe-r «39io 

I9U3B0 rjo ,eo3ti on aniworfs ,.bs>;tarf -evorfa 33 ^elxrlw ^lioidw bna 

ni :M ^f^K•>r.no absIsrC^isvert ,1.,^^.. cjuuioe-rq 9xi:t ^0 noi^oeqani 

-ioam "13 ^^^oimedo xd noliOB'i$xs Bit tsbnei^ oi iaitomB ;fneiol11ira 

^■rr^^^^bmi slds^t .footer s p.riBBm iBotnsi 

-oq9.b ni nommoo 3jc blog eliriw i&di b'3ioa ed of ai fl .-^snnBm 

XI91B1 risv T6VII3 ",bl03 leoBlq" P.-5 ^leyfii-, Mb buBa 'to 3:^3 

-^iQVlia Qdi Md Xiao eied bBifiBae-iqei o.; uaB ,fntoi aiii^ ni sixjooo 

iQvIxa 9vl;JBlI .riBitU ^Y^'nuoO nocfanMasW nioit 9no;fabnBa gniiBed 

*9Vt:tBiBqraoo j-jsveworl ^ai ^evlia "aaom" -to "9iiw" lo ratot grfcf ni 

*YnoxB3 mi& ooixsM moTt ansmiooqc^ a.ii ni nv/oria as noramoo ^^ 



153 



Some of the silver##bearing compounds are of great beauty, as 
illustrated in the ruby silvers proustite and pyrargyrite * 

The total annual production of gold and silver for 
the world, for 1894, is given as 8,616,892 ounces of gold, and 
166,437,408 ounces of silver. 

DEPARTMENT OF MINERA.LS. 

This department (Alcove G) was represented by a col- 
lection of high educational importance, arranged by Mr.Wirt 
Tassin, under the direction of Prof. F. W, Clarke, the curator, 
and is described as follows :- 

Entering the alcove the wall cases contain a series 
of minerals selected and labeled to illustrate the several prop- 
erties or characters of one mineral species as compared with 
other mineral species, in other words, "Comparative Mineralogy." 

The first case on the left contains a series of one 
hundred and forty-three minerals illustrating Chemical Minera- 
logy; that is, the composition, variation in composition, and 
the relation of composition to form of minerals. 

The chemical composition of minerals is illustrated 
by several typical elements together with a majority of their 
combinations. It will be observed that gold has comparatively 
few combinations and that its occurrence is practically restric- 
ted to the element; while iron, the most useful of the heavy 
metals, rarely occurs as the element, yet affords a great num- 
ber and variety of compounds. 



'OX 



101: tsvlia rni; Mot, lo noicfoubotq laun.ns IiiJo:f erfT 
bnB ,Dlo3 lo aoonuo i:!.o,did»3 aB iisvis si , 1^981 lol ,bIiow srf^ 

.lovlia *io 89oniJO 801^, Y£l^,adl 

-loo B Ytf becrneasiqsi aaw (0 qvodIA) ^rnsmc^iBqei) airlT 

^r-tiW.-tfi Yc^ .b9t><rr.Giis ,9on.3cr';oqrs!i iBnot^Boube ri;^irf lo rfoJ::t09l 
,ToJi2-^'- -^ris ^y^ii.:.!:; .v^ . "5 .loi^ lo noi:^09-iii) 9xi:r isbnu .niaajsT 

-:3woIIot a.s i)sdJ:T:oa9l) ai bna 

ricfiw bQiBqmoo ajs a&iosqs iBionira sno lo aia^OBiiJxIo lo S9l;ti9 

"•YgoI^'TsniM ©yI:tB^BcrmoO'' , 5t-fOT7 lerCto rrt ^ o,5|n:'^T < r^^-v^i^-ff^ .m.-r-^o 
9no " ~ ::;-"'rQ.:; £ snijij-fioo :fiei qcH ao oaBO :?3iil ■ 
wiiQHiM liioimsrfO sni^tBiJauIXi alBienira 99ir[;f«YJi61 bn& foe^fftntrrf 
i>nB ^fiOl.-tl3oqcioo nl nolitBiicGv ^noi:.,f .i.--:n-vrrn;) e!'':^ 5. ..,....: i,...^.:. 
.alxifsnimi la L110I Oj noi:t laoqaioo lo noi:fBl9T 9ri:t 
i)9;fBT;tai;XIi aJt alBignim lo noi^iaoqraoo I^oiragiio erlT 
"ll9rf.j' lo 'v:,-t lie r,-6r!T J3 fijAW 'i9r(.t<:=,'c,r>.:t ,5.:^.'--~'Ttc, r c, rp-^ '■.v.'-t- • jBievps vd 
Xi^viihiBqmoD bbiI dIos d"Bri::r DyViOado ad Iliw J'l ■ . anoi:fBnidraoo 
-011:^391 T£llBoi:^o.Biq ai. 9on9tiuooo acTt cfBrfit bnB axioictBnidraoo W9l 
YVBOfI 9r{:t lo I?:l9au ip.o^ri r)ff+ jno-ri: ■•; r •■ k-.;-- ; .t;T<*,-^eX9 9^^;^ 0.^ i)s;t 
wumi cTBeia ;o ojj-iollB cfsY ,:tns:a9l9 edi sb iriiJDoo yIsi^i t8lB;t9ra 

• abrmoqraoo lo y^^^'^jsv i)nB i9d 



154 



Proceeding from left to right the next case contains 
a series of models and specimens illustrating the principal 
forms of minerals depending upon molecular structure or form. 

Beginning with the systems of crystalization each 
system is represented by a typical crystal group followed by 
models and specimens showing the principal forms belonging to 
that system. 

For example, fluorite, a typical isometric mineral, 
is shown, then a glass model of the fundamental isometric form, 
the octahedron, and spinel; a typical octahedral mineral. Fol*- 
lowing the systems of crystallization are Crystal Aggregates, 
including twin crystals, parallel growths and imperfections of 
crystals. 

The next wall cases contain series illustrating iso** 
morphism, pseudo-morphism, and the various characters depending 
upon the action of the several physical forces, such as Light, 
Cohesion, Mass, Heat, etc. 

The floor case on the left contains several minerals 
arranged to show the great diversity and beauty of their color-*- 
ing. 

The floor case on the right contains meteorites showw 
ing the general character and composition of those bodies. At** 
tention is called to the large meteorite on the pedestal weigh- 
ing seven hundred and forty«six pounds from Canon Diablo, Ari<^ 
zona, and to the several other meteoric irons in the case, from 
the same ioeality. These irons are of interest because of the 



^^ J, 



artixictnoo 93£.o )K.&n. edi ^li-git oJ olel moil: ^^ix>s60o^*^ 

•fino'l 10 ij'iijioij'isa ii=ijjoaXom noqy siiiibnaqei) alB'rsriifn Jo am-iol 

^d JbewoIXol quota iB^Jav-to lBO.^r., : .. \,d ijed-noaotqe-i ._ -ns^rRVB 
o;t anlgnolsd amiol iBqioni-iq eri:}- ^niworla BaQtnlosqs briB alsitora 

*»Iol •iBteniffi lBiberii5w30 IsoJ-qY:^ ^^ ;-'enxq8 .bn/s ^notbadnioo 9di 
^0 anox^tOf-jl'iaqraJ: bns 2rf;twon3 l9lljs*rijq <ai^jaY*io xiiwi gnliix/Ioni 

jgnifensqeji;* a-is^toisiBiio auoiiBv erlj 'dub tma^riq^iom-obiLresq traaidqtom 

,;J.rfaiJ SB douB «a90*To1 lBOia\;;r{q IB-Ysvsa erfcf lo noitoB ed:} noqw 

.oJs <:^BoK ,33bM ^noiaQdoO 

siBTsnim iBievsa anisinoo cJlel sii^ no 9aB0 tooII edT 
-loloo tisdJ- lo ^^djJBsd i)nB ^sicTlaiQvib :fB9is odJ woda o;^ be-gn^-xts 

• B*^ ^ 
«worf3 asiitosd'em sciiBinoo d'rf^^^ii sdi no 98bo tooll srlT 
«-iA .aeiJbod 9aori;t lo noi^tiaoqcKoo ims ig^tOBiBrixO lB'i&n98 9rid' gni 
-daisw iBc^afiDsq '9d;r no G;ti'^oa;t9m ■--/'•^J' ^-^r* ot nsliao ai nol:tn9;J 

'-.'c^A jOldBid aonBO mo'Tl abnuoq xia-^jiol iJxiB jje'ibni/d nsvsa sni 
ffloil ,ft3B3 8d;t nl ano-fJ: 01109^913 TsricJo Ibi9vq3 9d • ^ .;nos 

Qdi lo saiJBoed ^39i9:tni lo si^ ano- ' ^^F:5>dT .^i,-t.ilBOO^ oniBa 9d:f 



155 



great size and extent of the "fall," over ten tons of them hav- 
ing been found in the region, and also from the fact that they 
contain microscopic diamonds. 

SYNOPSIS OF ARRANGEMENT. 
Comparative Series. 

1. Chemica l Mineralogy . --'Chemical composition. Variation 
in composition. Relation of composition to form. 

^^* Physical Mi neralogy . — Crystallography, Compound Crys- 
tals, Isomorphism, Pleomorphism. 

Pseudomorphs .--'Characters depending upon Light* — 
Luster; Color; Diaphaneity. Charters depending upon Cohesion. -- 
Cleavage; Fracture j Tenacity; Hardness.— Characters depending 
upon Mass, Heat, Magnetism, and Electricity.-- "Specif ic gravity; 
Fusibility; Magnetism; and Electricity. 

DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY. 

This exhibit occupied three sides of Alcove H, and 
consisted of a collection of the woods and shrubs of Japan 
mounted in a very original and beautiful manner by Japanese ar- 
tists. To each species was devoted a polished panel, made of 
its own wood, upon which were painted the leaves, flowers and 
fruit, while the panel was framed with its own bark» 

The collections belonging to this department are, for 
the most part, not available for exhibition purposes, being 
chiefly dried specimens for research work. The National 



■^ericf .tiixi^ io&t sdi mott oal^ bus ,noJt39T edi ni bnisot rtssd ii,n.L 

• Bbiiomslb oiqooaoioJcai nxs;?noo 

. TKSIv^aR I-TAHHA ^0 ?^lI8q0irY3 

noi;tBiiBV .aoiiiaoqmoo J. bo imf:. dO ^^ . ^l^ oi&1bilV' Ijsoim6ri0 .1 

•mto'l oi nouicoqiTJOo Tto nolJ-iileH .noij'iaoqmoo nx 

-~.no issrloO noqu anibnsqeJb a1^:^^BriO . Y^-tsnsrfqisia jioIoO ;i9:teyJ 

Bni£)n0q9f) ai9:tOi3iBrfO — .as9ni)i£H ;^:t.i;o£nGT ; e-TLr-if oj.ri'E ; o-%BVXi9lO 

jvctivBia oilio9q8^~.^i^j:oJ:i:fo8i:*l iDa^ ,m£iJ'£;n^iiaii ,Jx,9K ,aaiiM noqu 

.YKATOa "^0 THSMTHAqaC 

bnB ,E svoolA 'io aabis 99trf;t beiqjjooo iJidirixe eirlT 

JijaqBli lo QduidQ hns aboow srii "to ^o.^:^o9IIoo r, to hei3l&noD 

«'i-fi saenBqxiZ '/a -Tennfiir, iu'li jujigd bx^B Ii3ni:,.:^i-iQ Y/rsv ii iix baJnuom 

1o sbma tlen^q bedailoq £, beJ-ovsi) sbw aeioaqa doBe oT .aiexJ 

bnB 3T9W0I1 ,39VBeI sd.'t ba-.'niBq 3*^9^ doxdv rvc^io < noo^v nv/o 3:^1 

• .xiBd nwo aj-i d<iri: xj^.tibii asw IsiiBq e;!:; alxriv.' ,.tiutl 

•^10*5: tSiB un9miiBq9b axdct o:? anx.:HnoI©d snox^oelloo sdT 

'gated ,3980ct*^j;t noluidi.lxe -foi ardBllsv.i 1-an -uTBct iRom 9dcf 
iBnoitBH arlT .3in[0"'V noi;ie29T: ^■oI arisraxcaqa DSitD '^ii9xdo 



156 



herbarium contains a quarter of a million mounted plants. 

DEPART^IENT OP METERIA MEDICA. 

The exhibit of this department, Alcove H, consisted 
of a case illustrating the composition of a number of the prin- 
cipal mineral waters used as beverages and for medicine. By 
the dise of a bottle of the water as found in commerce are 
placed a number of smaller bottles, which contain the amount of 
each chemical substance found in the amount of water shown in 
the first bottle. Here also is a case which illustrates the 
composition of the human body by displaying in bottles the 
exact quantity of each substance to be found in the body of a 
man of average size (one hundred and fifty-four pounds), while 
in a parallel series are shown the quantities of each element 
in the same man's body. 

DEPARTMENT OF PREHISTORIC ANTHROPOLOGY. 

This exhibit occupied Alcove I, and consisted of a 
small, carefully selected collection of implements and objects 
used by man in prehistoric times, the specimens being mostly 
American. 

The explanation of the Exhibit is contributed by Dr. 
Thomas Wilson:- 

In this exhibit seven hundred and ninety-two specimens 
are displayed, as follows: Stone, four hundred and ten; copper, 
one hundred and ten; shell, twenty-six; bronze, seventy-eight; 
gold, twenty-six; bone, eighteen; pottery, one hundred and 
twenty-four. 



KfJ. 



.acfnBlq bscfnuora noillim a lo -fe^tiBi/p js ansniaoo mwiiadTsri 

b9:t3i3noo ,H svooIA » ct-nsmd-fBqel) airi:^ lo ildidxe eriT 

-nitq 9rf:t lo ledraun .g lo noivtisoqtijoo <=•''■!' .BnicJ-Bi^tawII i saco a lo 

T^a .enioibsra tol briis s6j^Bt9V9d sb aeaaj aiaJBW liiisairn iBqio 

8'i3 9oisrnraoo ns. bnuot as •T9;tBW edd lo eU'cfod b lo 35i.b 9x1 J 

lo ^nuom.s odcT nijiocioo noidw tS?/^''---? -r;^ r^s.-ria lo -rnrfnurn i3 &eoBlq 

ai nworia teitBW lo inuoraB sri^t ni bntrol eortiscJady^ Isoimsrio riaiis 

sdd- gQtaiiauIIi rfoidw easo b 3i oalji et^n. .elicfod iaiil srf.l 

9ri^ a9l:tcfod ni BnivBlqaib v.d vrr.f n^mijd erfj' lo noi.^iaoqmoo 

B lo \:D0d erft ni: bnuol sd o^ eoasdadua xioj39 lo ■^cM^nsup JoBxe 

elidw ^(abnifoq ^ifol«Y:flJ:l bna .betfinuri 9no) esia 93i5i9VB lo iiam 

SasmBle rloi39 lo aei;t.!::tnBUp orlL' rnvoda sib aelisa LeLlBtaq b nt 

• Xi>o6 a'nBm 9mBa sdi ni. 

.YOOJOTOflHTlIA OIHOTBIHaH^ ''lO THaMTHA*iaa 

B lo b9ct3ianoo ^nB ,1 svoolA D9iqijo.oo lidirixo airiT 
a:to9t^Jo ^HB a^rf9m9lqmt lo noi;to9lIoo beioel&z ^IIijIsibd tllBma 
Yl^aoifi >iai9d 3n5mio9qa 9rii ,a9n!l:t oi-roiai.deiq ni nam xd bQ^u 

• n.3oi*5:9fflA 

•-iG ^d ^ec^Lrdiictnoo ai ^ttdiHxa 9iil lo noi:JBnBlqx9 9x1? 

-inoaliW QBcnorlT 

ansralosqa owcr-^^snln &nB fosibnyri xigvsa ^tididxg al.i? nl 
,teqqoo jngJ bns beibmrrC 'luol jenoiS lawollol Q&fbexi^ilq-'ii.b 9-ib 
;;triaio«>j:tn9V92 » 95iri[0Td i:<i3-^iJn9vf:t (Ilg.'la ;nBd dhb bOTbrimf f.rto 
bns bsibaud ono <Y-^s^^oq ;n69:rxi3i9 « snod \xla-xinayfi ,Dloa 

.T:!J0l-''i:Jn9w;t 



157 



Anthropology is the Science of Man considered in all 
of his parts and nature. Prehistoric Anthropology is that part 
of this great science which relates to man in prehistoric times. 
"Prehistoric" means before written history was begun in the lo«* 
cality or country under consideration. History begun several 
thousand years earlier in Egypt and the Classic Orient than in 
Gaul and Britain, and these fifteen hundred years earlier than 
America. Knowledge of the existence of prehistoric races began 
with the discovery, about the year 1806, of the Ages of Stone, 
Bronze and Iron in the Scandinavian countries. It was not re- 
cognized in its full scope until the discovery in France, about 
1859, of what is called the "Chipped Stone" or "Paleolithic" 
Age. Since the antiquity of man has been a subject of lively 
discussion in most countries, and many attempts have been made 
to construct the history of his early times. The announcement 
by Darwin of his theory of "Evolution" as the origin of the 
human species added interest to the investigation. The study 
of the life, customs, culture, and, indeed the making of the 
history of prehistoric man can only be done through the inves«w 
tigation of objects made and used by him. This investigation 
considers their condition, the mode of their manufacture, their 
associatipns, and the places wherein they have been buried, with 
the incomplete information we get from the skeletons; in its 
relation to the North American Indian we are dependent upon the 
objects we find in his workshops, his destroyed homes, or in 
his graves and monuments. ¥e study his mounds and earthworks, 



U,3. 



^iBq iiifii p\ ■'y.,oLoqotdiaA oiioj'aiilsi^ .Gtwc^an bni: 3:^^^;,-^ a.;.;^ iO 

.aeiiiit O-fcTOiairfstq nl nam Oj BQialai rfoirfw sonsioa ;tBB'xa airicJ j.o 

-ol erlvt ni iiugsd ?.bw ^nod^alnii ne;^:tiT^ feTotsd afiBsm "oJttoc^sidsi'J'' 

fri nad:i iii&i'tO olaajsID erii bnjB tq^S^ ni leilijss aiBsij bnB3uoxl:t 

nsr^ed seoB't oiioiQldeiq '±o sonedsixa Bdi '^o 6gI>eIwon>! .iiOi'TaraA 

<8no;t8 lo assA eiii lo ,S08I i&@x &dj iuodB ^Y'^^voosii; edJ- ditv 

»*Q'T cfon aBW JI .asind'nuoo nBlvjenifenBoS eri:t nl rfCfl bn& asnoiS 

^uodB » bohbt:'? i!i if svoocii'jb srii iiiTnu sqooa Ilir'i c.<> ' bsSfnsoo 

"olri^riXoelB*?" 10 "BnoiB heqqidO* Sxict jjslli>0 si i^^d^ lo «t'a8I 

YlBVil lo ioetdua b need sjsrl n.Bni lo Y^-^^i^'P-t^nB edi eonl3 .e^A 

©bsm noao •:'' ^'-t R;tqffif>jiii y^ibh broi, ,3fiXtjnuoo oaom nJ: nolss^joslb 

^nemeonjJonnB .H9t!!i;t Y-^"^^® siri lo ito^aid edi Sovii&noo oi 

edJ lo ni^iio eri.-^ bb "noiituIo^/S" lo x"iOQdi aid lo nivriBd ^6 

9fio lo :sniL4j3ffi erf:f /)e&bni tbns ^eiuiliso jarroJ'aiJO ,01 il srij lo 
•^zjevnl sif;J f{^llfO'TJr{;t enob ©d yIho rtBO nam oi'fdd'slil9*fq lo \i.oiaid 

nlsd;^ ,etir:toBljjnBm lisri;^ lo shorn edi fHOii ibnoo -rl&di sishlanoo 

diiw^beltisd need evarl ^:9ri;t nioisriw asoBlq srf;^ bnjs jSnQi.-tB.f.ooaaB 

Bil ni ;eno:tel93l8 od:!- rroi-1 :}os sw iioi:?i3miolni ydfjXqmuCi- . edJ 

edj aoqu idQbneqdb 6tB sw nBxbnl nBoitgniA ri:r*iolil erii o;t noiiBlei 

ni '10 tsefflorl l)9'iCtJaef) aid < aqo.da3^-'Ov/ aid ni fcnil 9w ac^oe^do 
<35iTO\vf{v^-'i:x59 i.)nB abnuoffi aid \:i)i.;Ji; e^ .o.J..afniinofii vii^.- ct-v^.o.. vj aid 



158 



cemeteries, village-'-sites, quarries, and workshops. ¥e find 
his axes, hatchets, adzes, and gouges, and from these we specu« 
late how he felled trees, cut wood, made boats, sledges, saddles 
and the hundred objects of wood employed by savages. His stone 
quarries and workshops show the raw material, and how he manu*- 
factured his implements by the processes of chipping, grinding, 
polishing, and drilling. The same for horn, shell, and bone, 
of which we possess many thousand objects made into beads, pins, 
gorgets, and other ornaments. The copper and gold objects are 
to be studied on the same lines. Pottery was much used, by 
Prehistoric Man, and its manufacture was carried on wherever 
he dwelt. The pottery exhibit is displayed on the shelves above 
the flat-topped cases. To the right are specimens of European 
Prehistoric Pottery of the Neolithic and Bronze Ages. This is 
followed by ware from the Aborigines of the United States. The 
long shelves in front contain specimens from Mexico, Central and 
South America. On a pedestal is a reproduction of an "Ogham 
stone," illustrating a rude written language, which was preva*- 
lent in Ireland at a very early day. 

THE ORIGIN AND SISNIFICANCE OP GAMES. 

In the next Alcove (K) , which occupied the circular 
tower in the southeast corner of the building, is displayed a 
special collection illustrating "The Origin and Significance of 
Games in all Parts of the World," especial prominence being 



8eXi)i)BS ,393i)9la ^s^jsod ebsm ,i)oow ;tuo ,a99'x;t i)yXIel sii woi( 9ctjBl 

eno^Ja siH .89gBVBa ^cf btv^olqme bocw lo ecTostcfo Jb9ti>nurf eri:t on^ 

**i;nBin sxi wori i)nB ,Ii4ii 9:^*410 wbi bd:i wcria aqoiiasfiow JbnB seiiiBup 

,3nil>niis ,3niqqirfo lo Esaasooiq erl^J ^cf aitnemeXqiTii aid l)siijJos1 

,9nod bns tl.p-f*- ,01011 101 smes sxfT .gnilliTi) £»njs tgriirlailoq 

,3niq ^abBed oSnl ob&m Eioel6o bn^aisoiii ^ca&m aa93aoq 9w rloii^w lo 

91J8 aio9tdo i)Io§ l)n£ Tgqqoo edT .QinemBtifo -iedio bn& ,s;f9s-sos 

vd tLeajj rfoi/n- - v Y*f9cfJ-o*? .senil s-kibb exl:? no I^ftibijJs ed o:t 

i9V6i9iiY/ no btiitiBO sjsw 9*iij;to^Ttunam ecti jdhb jTibK ox'io;talii9i^ 

9V0dB a9vl9iia Qdi no be\Blqalb si ^j:cf-i:rfx9 xieiioq srfT .^lewb ed 

rrf>«<v..^,r.-'7 1-0 an9mio9q3 gtjs :tri^ii ;v::^ ,;! ,a98B0 jjeqqocr-clBll: 9ii^ 

3i axiiT .a9sA es^o^S jdhb oif{;tiIosK 9ri:r lo Yie;f:to^ oiiocrairfei*! 

erfT .ae;tjs:f8 fcecfinU edi to asnisxiodA 9ri:t raoil 9i£w -^d f)9woIIol 

i3nB lBictn90 ,oc-i:x9M moi^ 3n9inlo9qa niB-lnoo jnoTl ni aevlsris :;^n:oi 

roBrigO* na lo aoliouboiqei b si iB^taebgq b nO .BOlismA ri;fuo8 

«BV9iq asw lioidw , 9gBU3nBl n9;rJliw shut & anlctBiitai/J J i ",9no;J3 

• YBi) yIijb© x-^ev B c^B f)nBl6iI nl iti'Bl 

.BSD^AO 'iO S0KA0I'iiIKCI8 QMA KI3IH0 3HT 

iBluotio 9ri:r i)9iquooo rioiriw , (X) svooIA ;Jxexi 9ficf nl 
B l)9YBlqalb si tgnlbliud edi lo isirtoo iiteBefi^tuoa 9/i,t ril lewoc^ 
lo 9onBoilln§xQ Mb ni^iiO j^nT" ani.:rj. lJ .kjlll noi^oeljoo i.t>xuuqa 
sniod sonenlffioiq , iBlosqao "tJblioW edi lo acfiB*! IXb ni 89mB0 



159 



given to chess and cards. The display was made in co-operation 
with the University of Pennsylvania, and has been arranged by 
Mr. Stewart Culin, director of the University Museum:'^ 

The objects, arranged in a progressive series, fill 
thirty«four upright cases, like pictures in frames, and one 
large table case. They form an almost complete history of cards 
and chess, beginning with the primitive forms, originally used, 
for divination, down to the games of the present day. 

Especial interest attaches to the fact that the clue 
to the origin of both chess and cards was found by Mr. Culin, 
with the aid given by Mr. Gushing, among the aboriginal people 
of America. The pack of cards is shown to have originally con- 
sisted of a bundle of arrows, marked with the signs of the world 
quarters. The shaftments, or feathered part of these arrows, 
bearing cosmical marks were first used in fortune-telling, and 
from their use our card games arose. 

In America the Indiana did not get beyond the use of 
carved and painted staves. The American case shows the arrows 
of the McCloud River Indians of California, marked with colored 
ribbons, by which they were distinguished. Side by side with 
them are the gambling-sticks of the Haides of Vancouver's Island, 
similarly marked with rings of color and used like cards in 
their gambling even at the present day. In the adjoining case, 
devoted to Eastern Asia, the practice arrows of Korea are shown 
and with thera the derived playing cards here made of oiled paper 
yet bearing, both on their backs and faces, devices copied from 



.XSb insasiq SiU Ic BemBS e« oJ mvoh .noiJ^nivifc tol 
»irXS arfl ,^BrfJ Job, srfj „. s9rio;.,cf;„ J,„,-,sJn.r .r.-.iosqaa 

8lq69q iBniaiiodB eril gnofflB .snirisuP .iM ^d ,,„,ig j,ii5 nrfi rin* 

&I-.c.-,v .rfj ,c 3n^i3 9rf> .iJiv. LeXi^m .awoiti. lo ^ibassti b io fce^aie 

^x^ir. .^nillsJ-enuJiol ni i,9a« Jaiil .-sew a3i,i«, iBOimaoo 3„i-c«9ct 

lo Bau Bdi i)noYea' cTsig cTon bib BnEibnl edi BoitsmA nj 

be-oloo na^ be:^^^ .Bin-^o^xI^O lo enBibnl leviil DwoIOoM erfcf lo 

diiw BblB Md BDiS ./)9rf8iusni;faxi) sisv/ ^^srfcT rfo.tdw ^d .anodcfli 

5«1BI8T at-reviTonn^V lo asDlBH eii^ lo ailoi^te^gnxidmBs eri:t e-.^ mericT 

nil BsyL,o exll b&B>j bnQ -loloo lo aani-r rfdlw bexiBnr Yl^Bliniia 

nworfa e^B B.^o5f lo ...-...^s '. M o^^q .xfc^ ,i.IaA ri^scfa^SL o^ beicveb 
^8q^.4 b9lio .0 ei).m 9-^t.ir ai)-iBo anxY^Iq fcevlie^ MJ merict rfctlw bnxj 
mo-n i)eiqoo aeolveb .eeoBl fini^ a^oad -xxarfo^ no lijod ,:.^nrtB6d .tey; 



160 



the cut feathers of the arrows. With them are Chinese cards 
with the same emblems surviving as markers or indexes at the 
ends. These cards are "double-headers," as indeed were the 
gambling sticks, carrying back the idea of our common playing 
cards with double heads and index marks to the most remote an- 
tiquity. The Japanese cards in the same case bear emblems dep- 
rived in part from :the same source, while the circular cards, 
called Gunify, of which a beautiful pack is shown, are painted 
in colors to correspond with the world quarters. A single pack 
of the national cards of each of the principal countries in the 
world follow, comprising in Europe, Germany, Prance, Spain, 
Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Sweden, England and Russia. The 
card series closes with the pack with pictures of the Chicago 
Exposition and the cards with pictures of the confederate flag, 
made in England for sale in the South during the war. 

The chess series begins like that of cards with the 
divinatory games of primitive people, in which out game origi- 
nated. America is here again conspicuous, and with the objects 
representing the first steps in the evolution of the game are 
shown other common things, such as visiting cards and the fold** 
ing fan, which Mr. Culin traces with chess, to the marked arrow 
of prlmitire culture. The historical chess series comprises 
boards and men from India, Burmah, the Malay Peninsula, the 
Maldive Islands, Korea, China and Japan. 

r The specimens are all arranged as if actual play. 



J v-* « . 



enj iii aexeMi io aie>iTj6ni as gniyxvijjs satividins ftmaa erl' '''.lit 
^■'J ^=-Tsw iisebnl 8b "^s'liebjaeri-eldiroi)'' 9ib Bi^-xiiO eaeriT .a.ais 

«n* ©ctomdi iBOffi erfd ol sjlijara xe^ni jjnB si)Bsii ajduol;) ri;jiw afrr.,'. 
-eb 3iR6ldffli> i^sd 83£.r> aniiss ' ',' il 3L1..0 ©senaqjuu snT .Ycrii/pil 
tSL-r/io -^fsifiijo-fio 9ri;t ellrlw ^sotuog emjsa ©ricf !^o^l if-usq iii Levii 
i)»;tniBq qib ^nworis ei 2[oBq luli.rTj'Bif-d & cioiiiw lo ,Y'iinuO f)9llB0 
^OBq ©lania A .3i-9;fiBi/p Miow eaj - j iw bnoqssi'xoo o:f 810I00 nl 
sxicf ni a9i:^;r^yo^ I/sqionltq 9ii;t lo riofie lo 81)1^*0 l&noliRn sricT lo 
,nlBq8 ,9DnBi'E ,TinBffiiceC .oqoTuS ni snJ-Eiiqraoo ,\srollol i)I'row 
srfT .ijiaauH ijm; bnalgna ,nej-ewci ,iili;tajjA »i)ni-.lTesllw8 ^viJ^^^I 
oaBoidO 9iil lo ae-Tculoiq rlc^lw jlojsq qA'X riJiw asaolo aeiiea Ijibo 
tgBl't sitBTah'Vlnoo sxil lo 5S-tr;tolq Aii^r .if>Tjio .rd.* bn^ iioicT i>^oqxa 
«'..y./ '3, rin.tTwij rlc^jJoS 9rlj ni 8l±iE -lol bxiBlsna nl eL^ir 
eri:t dllw bMbo lo i&di 92[ii sniasd asliee aaexlo sxiT 
-ISito 8ff!.s^ -tifo lioirlw rri ,£lryooq sviiimi-iq lo agmss Y'^o^tBrrivib 
alostdo b.v ,.:tiYr ba.& tSifouoiqsnoo nxjbaJS 9'isa' ai 3oli9mA .i>fclBn 
SIB SRiBa eri:r lo aoicTirlov© sil:^ nl sqecta ctaixl 9xi;t snllneae-iqei 
-Mol 9ri.-t hns> aJbiBO ,^nilialv aB xfoyc ^a-^nidJ- nonraoo isriJo nwo/ia 
^v■01-[B bsjJ'iBi-fi ©d:t o:f ,8a9iio riilw a&Oi^i: niii;;, .•;!.I doxriw jHbI sni 
aealiqffloo aelisa aaeiio iBOiio^taxrf 9r(T .9^ir;tljjo •▼liialiq lo 
eri;t tBlwaitlnel ybIbM edit ,rfBfniiJH <BihnI 'nc-.-^r nc.^. bnB ai)-XBOd 

• nxiqBL bnii BnirlD ,BeioJi jaiixiiilal evlMdM 
*\&l^, iBifvtOB 11 as i)ftj^HBtiB Lis, eiB angraxoeqa 9riT 



161 



DEPARTMENT OP ARTS AND INDUSTRIES. 

In Alcove K was shown also a small case containing a 
collection of ancient glass from excavations in the vicinity of 
Tyre and Sidon, remarkable not only for its beauty of form but 
on account of the entirely iridescent coloring which it has 
acquired through paving been buried in the soil for twenty 
centuries or more. 

Adjoining this was a case of carved ivories from Japan. 
The native sculptors have shown, with great minuteness and ac- 
curacy, the costume, tools, and methods of work of a large num« 
ber of the native mechanics before the introduction of any 
European implements—the carpenter, the mason, the armor-maker, 
the Ian tern- maker, the unbrella-maker, the cooper, etc. 

Here also was shown a collection to illustrate the 
development of the Ceramic Art in Japan. This had been arranged 
by Mr. Heromich Shugio, and although it did not contain any con- 
siderable number of very costly pieces, it was historically 
quite complete, and was described by Mr. Shugio as follows :- 

Japanese history mentions that some pottery was made 
in a village of Idsumi to a considerable extent from the very 
early days, and that another factory was in existence in the 
province of Ouri during the period of 581-660 B.C. Twenty- 
nine years before the Christian era Tenno Suijin ordered that 
human figures made of burnt clay be buried with his wife, Em^ 
press Hihasubrime, in place of her attendants, as had been cus- 
tomary until that time whenever any member of the Imperial 



-*- V^ V . 



B j5i!in lii^ ffoo 98B0 IIjQma b osIjs nworia bbw 3 avooIA nl 

to Y^inioiv sricf ni anoiijsvBOxe mo^l aaBis crnslons lo noiioslloo 

cTM miol Jo viu^e6 aii lol -J-" -^^^ ..^-...xn^-i ,noJbi8 Dn^ ei^T 

Bj^d a rioiiiw anxioloo ;fneoa9i)xii yieiiins eHJ ^o ;^njJooo£ no 

XAriewi 101 lioa 9fi;J ni hel'usd nF)»cf snivB/f rfr^uoirf^t be-rirrpos 

-ijqBl mo-il asitovi bsvtBO lo saao xi sbw airl^ gninlotM 

-OB bnB aasne^imlffl ^bsis ricflw ,nworf£ evBri a-jocfalrroa rviisn srfT 

Xns lo nol:^oi;i)ot;tnx ofiJ s-tolscf aoinBriosm ©vI^bh erf;^ lo tsd 
, ^9^IBfc-.^om•TB 9ff:t ,noaBffl srf:? ,T&;tneqTB0 e^cf — f :trtrpt?5_r.:Tmi nB^qotua 

eiii 9:tBiJ'Cw'iii: o;t noxio alloc b nworia bbw obIb sisH 
i)9SnBilB nesd bBrf airfT .n^qsl nl JiA olmsteO 9rf:t Jo inemqoleveb 
-noo YHB nxB:^noo ion bib it ri-ijcrfdl^ ..un ...... u,.o -oifficieH .iM ^d 

YilBoi-ro^Jalff 3bw 31 .aeoelq xliaco \i3v Ho ledmun sIdBisbis 

«:awoIIol as ol^udE .iM vd bsditoaef a.-si^; .bnB .sislqmoo ©;flup 

6i)Bffi 8BW vT^.:fioq Brno- ?^-oiJnar:! v-»-^^.r; sauiiisqBG 

\'T9v &;i3 mo'il cfnedxe eldBisbxanoo b oi imuabi !^o eaBlIiv s rii 

erf^ rti obne;taix9 rti 3bw x-roioBt -xeiiionB ijid:i briB .a^Bj) vIib8 

-"^cfnewT .O.a 06S-^^--"' '^o Loiiaq <brM •-^nlii/I; 1-riru lo aonivoiq 

iad:i bet6b*fo nilluB oimeT bis naictalirlO srfcf stored aiBsy enin 

•^a teliw alrf rivTlw beltud sd ybIo cTmud lo sbsm ae'HJTin nioniud 

-suf) rissd bBd QB ^h&nabrwiiB T^ri 'io ooBlq nl , ssiiiduaBnxii aaoiq 

iBltoqml 3di lo -isdmsm yhb levensrfw etsiti :tBii:^ Ii:tni; Yi^rao:? 



162 



family died. This humane decree abolished an abominable custom, 
and the pottery in its infancy played one of the most important 
and noblest acts in history. 

The early productions were of mere unglazed burnt 
clay, not like those of the early American pottery. 

The introduction of the potter's wheel by Giyoki, a 
priest of Idsumi , in 724 A.D., must be taken as the real begin«- 
ning of our Keramic art. 

The first glazed stoneware is said to have been made 
by Kato Shiroye now at Seto, in the province of Owari , in 1223 
A.D., after his return from China, where he spent several years 
in studying Keramic art. From his time, Seto became the centre 
of Keramic art, and all the Keramic prodwctions came to be call- 
ed "Seto mono" in Jqpan, as all the porcelains are called 
"China" in Great Britain and America. 

The first porcelain was made by Gordayu Shonsui, a 
native of the province of Ise, who studied Keramic art in China 
in abdut 1513. His productions were mostly made with Chinese 
materials, which were brought back ty him from that country and 
they were decorated in blue under the glaze. 

The greatest progress in Japanese Keramic art has been 
made since the triumphant return of the Corean Expedition in 
1659, when many skillful Korean potters were brought over, and 
the famous Keramic factories of Hizen, Higo, Chikuzen, Satsuma, 
Tosa, Nagato, Yamashiro, Owari, etc., were either established 
or improved by those potters. 



• Y'xo.tsJtxi rri s^^ob ctaelcTon J^ns 
inind b&^r.lmiu Qism Io ei9w ^AGi.toi;j^o^q yItjso 911'? 

.Y-^9:^ctoq rrBoiismA vJ-jBe oriJ Io- eaodi 65[1I .ton ,ysIo 
« tiJio^iO YC^ leexfw s'fscTcfoq sri:} Io nol;toi/J6o'r:rn i arlT 
'^ni:^e(i Ibsi erf^ as n^ifa^ sd cfeum ,.(T.a ^SV ni , imnojbl Io ^seliq 

• iiB oimB-fsS -TUG Io sfiin 

eb^-a nosd evBrf o;t biBa ai st^wano^a Ijesslg itaiit erfT 

£SSI .a tiiBwO to sonlvoiq 9ri:J ni .^Oo^sS :?j2 Tvon e^cTiiifJ ocT^sX ^cJ 

B-iBQx Istev&a Sneqs ed s-rerfw ,BnJ:riO raoil muctei airi is^r^ii ,.G.A 

Biineo edi smBoeo ois8 .erniS slrf moi^ .^ib olraBieX snlybfitg ni 

-IlBO sd of 9m6o a^o^:to^botq oim.v-'-.y edi ZIb bti.s ^if-m oihurisii Io 

bsllBo ftiB ani^Isoioq edi J.li^ sb ^imq^l ni "onom ocfeB" be 

.BOlTemA JjriB niB;tiTa j-bsiD ai "BnidO" 

i3 ^ijjanor{8 irvBb-foO yd sbBm aBW niBlsotoq iaiil srfT 

BnirfO ni iiB oimB*T9>i bsibwcTa orfw ^sal to sonivoiq srfcf to evicfsn 

saenirlO xfiiw sbBcn Yi^^sora ©i9w anoictoi/boTq aiH ♦£jai *sj.6rf3 ni 

bn& ^cfinsJOD S^d:} noit miri yd :^!oBd ^fi:guoid etsw xfoiriw ,alBi-T[eiBm 

.6SBls 9r^^ TfiJbniJ 9trld ni be^tBiooeb eisw yedi 
eed sArf ;r-iB oiraBTsX easn^qBT. ni aasiao^q ise^Bei^ edT 

nl noictibfiqxS nBetoD edi '"n r-'.,:.t.,.'r .inB.ffqmui-T;t ed:^ eonia efoBra 

i^HB ,T8vo id'Aiioid Slew sis^c^oq nBe-ioX XwlJliTra Tjniiffi nsriw »e58I 

,Brai;a;tB3 ,n9su3iiriO ^ogiH ^nssiH Io af>iTo*OBl oiraBte^I auomsl ericT 

JbedaildBctao isriii© eisw ,.oj. ,.,./.... , o-rii^aBniBY ,o:tB3BPf ^BaoT 

*B*Lfiiioq seodi x<S bsvciqmi 10 



163 



The first potter who succeeded in decorating porcelain 
with enamel paintings over the glaze was the celebrated potter 
Kakiyemon, of the Sakaida family of Nangawara, a village near 
Arita, who mastered this secret of enamel painting from Toku- 
zayemon, of Irari , who learned his method from a captain of a 
Chinese ship at Nagasaki in 1640. 

Kakiyemon was assisted in his essays in enamel paint- 
ing by Gosu Gombei, another well known potter. In 1646 Kaki*^ 
yemon is said to have sold his decorated porcelains to a Chinese 
trader in Nagasaki, and thus he has the honor of being the first 
Japanese potter who decorated porcelain with enamels, and who 
sold Japanese p6rQelains to a foreigner. Since then his produc- 
tions were bought by Chinese and Dutch traders at Nagasaki to 
export. He was honored by Prince Naheshinia Samio, of Hizen, 
by being appointed a special maker to His Highness. Specimens 
numbers 150 and 151 are his works. Although they are not his 
best works they will be found, on close examination, to be the 
works of a master hand. 

Nisei, the great Kioto potter, through the generosity 
and liberality of Wankiu, a wealthy Osaka merchant, succeeded, 
during 1655— * 57, in decorating pottery with enamel painting 
after the newly introduced method by Kakiyemon, now so much 
admired as the Ninsei ware. Number 53 in this collection is a 
specimen of this great potter, and Numbers 54, 55, 56, and 57, 
are copies after his works. Numbers 56 and 57 were copied by 
Okumura Shozan, of Kioto, who is perhaps the best copyist of 
Ninsei, since his time, and some of his copies are often mistaken 



C71. 



i&iioq beiBidBleo edi bbw ss.Bl'g sdJ tsvo 2§ni;tniBq Isniiine di iir 
t&en B'SBlIiv b eJsiBWBsnsTT lo xllmBJ sblBiA&B edi Jo ^nomsTsi^CsX 

B Jo nlsiqBO g moil bodi&m aid jbentisel orfw , itml 'io ,norasYJ3S 

.01^61 ni. iJlpiQB-^&Vi i& qlde ssenirfO 

•^i5fsX 3J^8I nl .-i9:t;toq nwon?) IIsw -isri^onB tisdraox) iraoO ^6 j^ni 
98©nirfO B o:t anlBlso'ioq Jbectjdiooel) airf bloa evBrf ot bifia ai noras^ 

Ofiw i)nB tSlern^ne di lv nlBleotoq i)9;tBT:009b oriw T8;t:foq ©aoxisqBL 
-ouboiq aid aedi £-ont?^ .Tsn-^^ieiol b oi anlBlooidq ©aenaqBt bio a 
o:t i^liiai-j^jjciH i^ o-iejjisij dv:s!j(l vna easnid'j '.^d ixi^ijiocf eiew snoii' 
,n9siH lo jOtfiiBS BlnirfaerfBH eo^j:^*I T{cf Jbsionorf bbw sH ♦:fToqx9 
ansnsiosqS .aasnrigiH aiH oi teji&!:^ iBiosqs b i)e;tnioqqB gnisd '^cf 
8 iff cton stB verict n'suorfJ^lA .aaliow Exri sib IdA Ivib 061 a^sd^!JJ^ 
©li:^ 9d o;t tHOid'BnimBX© ©aolo no ,I)njJol ed Iliw Aieri;t asitow d'a9d 

.bnBii lectaj^fl b lo ajiTOW 

Y*iao*^©fio9 3di dhiioidi fieiioq aioDl iaei:^, ed^ ,i9aiM 

,i)9£)eeoojj8 jCtnBr{oi9ra bsIbbO x^^^^i^^^ ^^ ^vrAns'^ Io Y^^-t-f^ieciil ^^b 

;^rfiJ'n.!:Bq IsmBns ric^lw ^i9-?;:foq gnioB'TooeJ:- ; "c ' --t''.56I ^ni'iub 

ffox^ic oa won ,nom9Tci3iB5i y<^ bor'..i9ffl bsoaboi^Jiii ylv/sn er{;t ie»:tlfl 

B si noi:toeXIoo aidi ni £6 •xedmwl-f .ij'isw isanxM ©rfcf 3B b9iira.bB 

,Y5 bnB ,dS ,56 (l^a g-tedmirTf bm- ,-fo:fcroq i-B&ig airf:! io namiosqa 

\;a i3siqco siew VS oaj:, oc\ aibarai/W .a?iiow aiix -j9;?1b aeiqoo sib 

to ^falYqoo iRQd edi aqi^di©q ai odw (OcToiS ^o ,nBsori3 BiinaujtO 

n92iB^sJtm nsJlo 9tB aeiqoo aid Io emoa bns ^emii aid eonla jieaniW 



164 



for the originals even by Japanese connoiseurs. 

Another important epoch in our Keramic art was the 
discovery of the use of saggers in baking porcelains by Tsuji 
Kizayemon, a noted potter of Arita, during the Kwhmbum period 
(l661*-'72). The porcelains baked in saggars are called 
•Gokuskin Yaki . " Number 152 is a specimen of this Gokuskin Yaki 
made by one of his descendents who were honored by being appoint- 
ed makers to the Imperial Court of Kiota. The porcelain was and 
is made at Arita; Okawachi (where Naheshima aware was made); 
Mikawachi (where Jirado ware was made); Shiraishi, Kameyama,etc. 
in the province of Hixen; at Seto, in Owari ; at Tajimi, in Mino; 
at Kutani, in Haga; at Kiyomidsu, in Yamashiro; at Sanda, in 
Settsu; at Himeji, in Hasina; at Hikone or Koto, in Omi ; at Ota 
and Tokio, in Musashi ; at Okayama, in Kii; ¥akamatusu, in Iwas** 
hire; etc., of which nearly all the factories are represented 
in the collection. Of the important factories where the potterj^ 
(Faience and Stoneware) was and is made this collection repre** 
sents Satsuma; Karatsu; in Hizen; Takatori , in Chikuzen, Yat« 
sushsro, in Hogo; Shiga, on the Island of Tsushima; Hagi or 
Matsumoto, in Nagato ; Suwo; Shido, in Samuki ; Kosohe, in Settsa; 
Akahada, in Yamato; Kioto, in Yamashiro; Shigaraki, in Omi; Seti 
in Owari; Tachikui, and Sasayama, in Tambai Fujiria, in Idsumo ; 
Iga, Sado, Kutani, in Kaga; Soma, in Iwaki ; Imbe, in Bizen; 
Mianto, in Idsumi ; Banko, in Ise,etc. 

The collection is displayed in three cases in Alcove 
K, by provinces, in accordance with the following plan:«^ 



odd 3iiW cfiB oimj3-i8X TWO ni riooq© ^tnacttoqctil 't9rf:tonA 

boiteq mfjdmd^^y. &di afiitui) ,Bo^iiA lo iscf^ocj l)o:tort ;j ^noirr^YBslJI 
f)9llB0 e^B sTB^Ssa ai iJ9?[Bi aniBlsoioq edT .(SV»-.IdSl) 
IjIbY nlii8W>iOT0 3irf:t ^o nsiaioeqa s 3i sai TsdnruPf ".i;UY n tiia iniol'*" 
fntoqqxi gaisd v,6 beionod 9T9W orlv/ acfaefonBoaoL^ ai/1 lo sno Yci sbBm 
i)n.-i 3B17 nxBl90-ioq erfT .B:tol}I lo ^^uoO iBlioqml silt o;? ai93(Bin i)e 
;{ebmi 3bw e-iBwa aralffaarfsPf sieriw) irfoawBTlO ;B;ti^A ^b ebi-^ ni 
.o:)9t.^nB^i9mBJi « xriaiBixriS ; (sOBrrr aa^r 9tBW ohBixTi eieriw) iiioBWiiijiXiVl 
loriiM rrx ^iaiiUT ;tB ; i-iBwO ni , 0:^98 iB ;n9xiH lo sonivoiq adl nt 
nx jBDHBa ;f-i ;o-iif(3BiiiBY ax t^iabmo^iyi. in ;b,^,bK ni tinB^rj:^ .+ -, 
B;tO ^B ;irriO ni ,o;JoX io eno^fiH jr^^, , ^xtiixH nf. ^itemiii :f>H ;ija^Joe 
-2BwI -i ,jj3,j;t^.e3{sir jiiH nx ,BfnBY^'33{G cfB ; iriaBSJiM ni ^oijIoT ohb 
bscTasaoTqei- sib ssi-ccToBl 9rf:t utb vi-rBsn rfoidw lo ^.orhe .•o'ii:i 
r^eiioq Bdi 9i9fiv/ asi'iocroBl +n.o;tToqmi yrIo> 10 .noictoslloo 9f{;t ni 
•-siqsi noi:to9lloo sidJ el).6m ax bnsi sbw (9iBW9no;t8 5nB 9oneiB'5) 
-^TbY ^nssiTJiiriO ni , iio^tB^CsT ;n9siH nl ;i;3cfB-XBX ;Brnu2cfB2 atnor; 
10 igBK jjifniffarjaT lo JbnBlal 9^1 j no ^B^ifiB ; ogoH ni .oiariacja 
[iiaiisP. ni ,9ffoao:H ; ixijmBS ni ,obldB jowij?. ;o:fBaBll ni ,o:?ornv;3tBM 
iiee ;imO ni ^ijlBiBgirfS ; oi iff aBftiBY ni ^ocToiX ;o;tBmBY ii ,.3br-irfr;-.'A. 
lomus^I ni ,.r^iii ty'? li^dmBT ni ^isaiBYsaBE i)n.a ^ic/jfidoaT ; i-iB\vO ni 
;nssia ni ,9dral ; i^fBwI ni tBraoa ; bsbS ni ,inB:ri:jJt ,obB8 ^.^-^1 

.oj-9,93l ni ,05(nBa ; imuaf)! ni tOjn>3iM 
»vooIA ni 39aj3o ^etdJ nt i)9YBlqaib ai noi:to&IIoo sn'T 

-^in-zlq gniwollol sdi d:i i^/ sonBMoooB nt ,39onivo-iq Tjd ,}{ 



165 



Hizen 



Karatsu. 



Arita. 

Hirada. 

Nangawara . 

Nabeshima. 

Kakiyemon. 

Tsryi Gokushin 

Kameyama. 

Bogasaki . 

Shiraishi . 

Taishiu Tsushima. 

(Island of Tsushima) . 

Owari Seto. 

Horaku, 

Bizen Bizen. 

Omi Shigaraki 

Koto. 

Kii I Zuishi. 

Iga Iga. 



Idsurai. . . 
Yaraato . . 
Survo . . . 
Nagato . . 
Ghikuzen 

Higo 

Satsuraa. 
Settsu. . 



Iwaki 



Kaga 

|Ise 

I 

Sado 

Sanuki . . . 

j 

iYainashiro 



Taraba. 
Idzurao 



Tamba. 
Idzumo. 



jMusashi 
I 



Idsumi . 

Akahada . 

Survo . 

Hagi. 

Takatovi. 

Yatsushiro 

Satsuraa. 

Sanda . 

Kirko. 

Kosube . 

Soma. 

Kutani. 
Banko • 
Sado. 
Shido. 
Raku. 
Kioto. 
,Tokio. 
Qta. 



Across the aisle (Alcove L) was a small series of 
musical instruments intended to illustrate the character and 
method of arrangement of the very extensive collection in the 
National Museum. A series of five times the extent had been 
selected to be sent to Atlanta, but the limitations of space 



. twuBbl 



. . hurfihl^ 



Bi)iinijjiA Q^^msYi 



• • • • O :-i J: : ; 



. /;r.Bi iH 

n0fT?8VX?(BX 



•neslH 



. i-^iiHi . . . 

•■s^Hisa: rjBifcrsSl 

'•^^oB ixjBwI 



.05fr»B?I I . 



.oi^xrla i>(ijnjs8 

f 

•o^^o^-j tdaB<iiM: 



. ixiaijBiirfa 



. (mlrfajjaT to bahlsl) 
*^^"^ .';ifivrO 

•^^SXa j ,j33.j.g 

ijffii^SirfS ; |,,^Q 

• iffeiifr. . .V 



omushl 



B3I 

. 'OmusLbl 



-■ ■■-^- / '- ..'- ■-■ V. .u a :1, J a a 'X A 
©rf^ nl notio&Lloo ovlenecfxs 

80 £>..,.. 



8JJIQ 






166 



were such as to make it necessary to reduce this, as well as 
every other exhibit. 

The collection is intended to illustrate a few of the 
stages in the progressive evolution of stringed instruments. 
The series begins with a rude musical bow of Mashonaland, which 
is used only to mark time and is audible only to the performer 
who holds one end between his teeth. At the other end of the 
series are the guitar and violin; the former represented not 
only by the well-known European instruments, but by related 
forms from India and Africa. Intermediate stages are shown by 
a number of interesting types named and described upon the 
labels. The series selected for Atlanta contains about two 
hundred instruments; the small portion of it shown gives but a 
meager idea of the great collection in the National Museum, 
which includes some three thousand forms. 

DEPARTMENT OP ORIENTAL ANTIQUITIES AND RELIGIOUS CEREMONIAL^ 

Alcove M iras devoted to a collection of objects illus- 
trative of the Bible, arranged under the direction of Dr. Cyrus 
Adler, custodian of the collection of Religious Ceremonials in 
the Museum. An attempt has been made to show representative 
specimens of most of the classes of objects which are of value 
to the students of the Bible, and the collection, though neces- 
sarily limited through lack of space, may fairly be said to 
have constituted a minature Biblical Museum. 



ar(. or,,.. fiedi,oes& ir,^ .em^„ asq-,. anilae-x.ini lo t^dmun b 

cnvi .„od^ ani^iaoo «i„^i,A toI Dejo.xea asltsa srfT .«x,<,^,. 

B ^«C eevis a.orfa .i lo „ol*-ro, II... «d. ;a.„s„„,,anl i,s,.„„. 

,n„.a.M r.„oW.K s.i. nl noi.oelXoo i.eta .^^ ^o sebl .«a.e. 

• amtof bnsauorfJ ssnrf^f sraos Rsii/IoBl rfojm, 

^JAiKOMasao suoi-DijiH arfA aaiiiupiiaA jatksiho to r.iaTHAiaa 

evWBlnsasTqst worfa o, e.b^ need a^rl dgmodJa „A .m^-ea«M erf* 

."Xfi^ 10 9-rB rfoXri* a*oaUo lo aeaa.Io sri* lo Jaom Jo ansmiosqa 

^s.err Ks.,otIi .noi.o.IIoc nri. i.„a .«idx^ ... lo e.. ..„i« ,rf, ol 

OJ Lljsa -^- .;iiiBl -i,.t ,90Bqc 10 jiofil a^.joidJ ijsJimll yXiiaa 

•nussuM iBoildia anuii,ni^ u fisiuJiisnoo svBri 



167 



The archaeology of the Bible is represented by a col- 
lection of casts illustrating the ancient Hittites, frequently 
mentioned in the Bible from the time of Abraham down; by an 
Egyptian mummy secured by the late Hon. S. S. Cox, U.S. Minister 
to Turkey; busts of Rameses, the second, supposed to have been 
the Pharaoh of the Exodus; and of his father, Seti. Assyria 
and Babylonia are represented by a model of a temple tower of 
Babylon, especially constructed for this Exposition. This 
Temple Tower was situated in the outskirts of the city of Baby- 
lon. The model is made after the description of Herodotus, and 
the report on the ruins discovered by Sir Henry Rawlinson. 
There is also a cast of a huge Assyrian Winged Lion, eleven feet 
long, and eleven feet high, such as \yere placed to guard the 
doorway of Assyrian Temples; cast of the Chaldean account of 
the Flood, etc. Palestinean Archaeology is represented by casts 
of Moabite stone, Siloam inscription, and Temple stone. 

The a;ricient religion of the Jews is represented by a 
case containing selection of the more important objects of 
Jev/ish ceremonial*' Still another case shows a collection of 
the gems of Palestine, with a model illustrating the method in 
which the gems were placed in the High Priest's breastplate. 
There is also a collection of coins struck in Palestine, as well 
as those which appeared in Bible times in cities mentioned in 
the Bible. In another case is a collection of musical instru- 
ments of Palestine and adjacent countries, v/hich differ in 
nowise from those used in ancient times. To these are added a 
few representations of musical instruments from Egyptian and 



na Y.d ;nv.ofc nrEr^BidA lo smxct -^:^ ^,^- ajd-a eii;? ni i)9noi:>n9m 

need evBrf oJ i>88oqqua,i)nooe8 srf.^ ^seeentBH ^0 pctr^rrd ;yc>n.fjT o* 

^i-rY8sA .i:tDS .Teulr^l axrf lo Dire -rjfeoxJi ... .0 rc^^iiq eni 

^0 -r9wo:f 6lq.r3ecr 3 :c lebom s Yd Ds^tnese-.qs'f et^ BinoIvdjBa i,nB 

ai.'iT .nol^iaoqxa aldi loJ beiDuiianoo \'IlBiaeq8s .nor-r^ad 

-^Ycfsa ^0 v*io -orit 10 BiiMQ:iijo ericf ni D6cfB.tr;ti3 8bw leWi^ eiqmsT 

bHB ,3^j.^ohLrisH 10 nnUqttoBQb 9rf:f ts.nB efjBffi ai lebom srfT .nol 

.nosnllwBfl v-Tngll -riS ^d i>ei9VOoalb anir.fi 9ri:t no .tTcrr^-^ - t- 

^ds i3ix:rjs 0.- ijooiilq si.97/ sb rfona .rf^irf J99I nsV9l9 bttB .snol 
^0 ^nuoooB riB^blBcIO 9rij lo :faBD jaelqmsT nBlTYBsA lo v-^^T-^onb 

.enow^a fsIqmsT bn.6 .noicfqiioeni msolia ^snocfa sildBoM Ito 
B^tf bsrtneaeiqsT al awet 9' ,, rnsinrrn j^rf? 

•'9.1 J d jininiiiJ^noo saao 

10 nol^toslioo ii avorls 83.-,o isiicfonB IlicTS »Ii3lnoraoi9o rfslwoL 

nl f)o:i:f9ra 9r{:f anl:tBi^ajjIIl Isi^oin b rflivr ,9nl.+ a9lB<I lo amoi Bd + 

.e^Blq:t3i.BTd c:»^..^^rc^ ^aiH ed> - .:.,..,, ^^Bw ames anj .loinw 

Ilejr a.i ,Dni.*aoiii<I m i^ouiia aatot oiio&lloo b oalB ai gieriT 

ni bQnol:^riem aelilQ nt Bmkt eldtS. ni. be'i.-^gq'TB doiri^ esods p.g 

«jJT^arri l:->ox2:ty .; =.,.,, r. .t ^ r ■ ct ^* 

■ Sc£,.; i . .910 iil orlJ 

ni TaaiL ;iOin,. ,aai-{j titroo .. !.T»OB(;i)B dhb sniJaeXaS: lo Bctasin 
B b9bl)B 9^G ^aerf.:^ oT .^9^!l..-^ .tnsionB ni boaa OEOrf.^ --nori s^twcn 



168 



Assyrian monuments. A collection of domestic implements, such 
as are mentioned in the Bible, and a relief map of Palestine, 
are also shown. 

In this connection there is also exhibited a collec- 
tion to illustrate the history of the Bible, as a book, and to 
show the important translations which have been made of it. The 
Hebrew Bible is represented by portions of an Egyptian manus- 
cript of the fourteenth century, facsimile of the Aleppo Codex, 
by the first American edition of the Hebrew Bible printed at 
Philadelphia in 1810; by other well-known prints of Amsterdam, 
Antwerp, and Hamburg. The Beptuagint or Greek version is repre- 
sented by facsimiles of the famous Alexandrian and Vatican co« 
dices. Following these are copies of the Targum or Aramean 
version, the Syriac version; the Coptic version (represented by 
a manuscript); the Ethiopic version; G-othic version, Anglo- 
Saxon version; the edition of the Latin version or vulgate of 
St. Jerome; a Spanish- Jewish version; the Arabic version (re« 
presented by a manuscript) ; and the translation of Saadia. 

The New Testament is represented tn the Vatican and 
Alexandrian Codices, already mentioned, as well as in the Sinai- 
tic and by the first American edition printed at Worcester in 
1800. 

Finally, there is a most interesting and valuable 
work, consisting of a New Testament arranged in historical order 
by clippings from the Latin, Greek, French, and English Testa- 
ments, all arranged by Thomas Jefferson. This Book contains a 
concordance of the verses used, and a number of notes scattered 






e^T .:ri 10 .^^,a n98d evBd rfoir(w paoiJalarjeT? *^s-ocr.:j .^. -.,.... 

3.-mi..sj:>x ,,itrjjiiso rflnescriuo't ^ai -^o iqlto 

\<S ijsJnsEf -"^wtI .,,1 .,„„ ..,-.., .^. 

jxjqo.. s.i,. ./iijiaiav oj3±-tijS erij c 

ni "fsJaao'io^V cfB be:fniTq ncUiba nBolis-nA :te-i ed^ ^d f^.. .^. 
De.s.^.oa as.on ^:o ^sd.^n b i,nB ,i)ea^ aea^ev eriS ^o eonBh.oonoo 



noiaisv 



169 



throughout, all in Jefferson* s handwriting, and is said to have 
been arranged by him for translation into the Indian languages, 
so that the Gospels might be presented to the Indians in a sim*« 
pie form. 

DEPARTMENT OF TECHNOLOGY. 

Alcove N was occupied by objects designed to show the 
more important stages of improvement through which the appliances 
now in use for the conveyance of men and goods from place to 
place have passed before the present high standards of mechani- 
cal efficiency were attained: These were selected with the 
special purpose of illustrating the important influence exercis- 
ed by the South Atlantic States upon the early history of inter- 
nal improvement in America and the inauguration of transatlantic 
commerce ±k by steam. The theory upon which they are arranged 
is thus described by Mr» J. E. Watkins:- 

The origin of many of the contrivances now utilized 
by man to facilitate individual movement or to transport ob*- 
jects too heavy to be carried by man belongs to a period so re** 
mote in prehistoric time that no attempt to arrange aboriginal 
water or land vehicles in a definite chronological sequence has 
been made. 

Boats and Ships *-- ^Primitive boats, such as the Cata** 
maran and Dugout Canoe, are placed at the beginning of the se- 
ries which contains among the craft propelled by poles or oars 
the Ohio River flatboat, and keelboat by the instrumentality of 
which the settlement of the Southern and Western States was 



^BB-gBis-gnaL nsibnl edi o3ni. aoliizLQnjsii lo'l raid y^^ bsgriBTtB need 
-raia B ni anBibnl erf;t o:t beinsQeiq sd jrlgim alaqsoO edi isdi oa 

. 1 J OWII ST ' MTaA^avl 

8son.slIqqis ©d^t fioirfw d^iso^di iasmGvotqmi lo segs^ta :tiij3:tfoqmi eiom 

od'' ooBjq moil ebooi^ has ns-a 1:o eonB-^oviioo 3.i:t -:ol e^u ni won 

-inijdosfs :;o ^/)ti.i>aBJd d^id ^nS3S"iq 9d;J S'folod fieasBq sviin eonXq 

3d;t riJ-lw b&ioelBB 3iew saerfT :i)9niB:t^B qisy/ "^jonoioills Ibo 

-aio-rax© 9oa9u.r';:qi .tn.e-ttoqmJ: edi ^niiBtiaulIl to saoqtjyq Islosqs 

--^.einl 1o X'^oj^s.'n ^i'i;jy ydJ- noqy a^^tBctB oi-tnBl^A dctiioB edl -^d .bs 

J:;tn.3liBanBi:t lo no_r;?Biu§UBni edi hna Boi-xemA ni cfnerasvo-iqjtii Ibh 

be^naiiii oib ^^edcf doidw noqw ^i'toeri^ sdT .iriBs^a -^jd xi aoiemraoo 

"*:2ni5(;tBW .S .T. .-iM \'d bedlToael) ^iud;J ai 

JbosJ:Ii:t0 won asonBviTctnoo ftrfc^ lo xasm to nt^tto sdT 

-do itoq-drmti o-t to cfnanaevon lBi/B.tvj:i>nl eJB^filloB't o* nam ^d 

«-ei oa boLibq 3 o:t agnolsd nam \.u uqI'^tbo sd o.^ ^^vBed ooi aiobl 

Isni-^l-iodB ©anstiB o^ iqanBiis oa crBd:^ amid' oi^ocfaidaiq iii sioni 

8Brf 9on9iipea iBolaoIonotdo ©Jlnilei) b ni aeloldev bn&l -to -tecfBW 

.9i)Bm nead 

"-b;?bO edi as rl^jua ,aJ..cdOd 9vi:tiffiirc«I-~.ajilda.,Mj3_ajrBoa 

"3?. edit lo aninniged edi is boOBlq 61B , eonBO tiJOgjiCI i>rLtJ flBiBsi 

o-iao 'ro 3ti>Ioq Yd bsIIeqOi^j j'Ldio sd:} :uJomii saiBcfnoo doidw aeii 

lo ^itllB^nsrtJjjictsni: &di xd iaodleeii bns ^isiodisill -r&vi^ oiriO sdi 

aBW 39iB^8 ms^-saW briB msricTyoa adct lo :tfi9ra9li:t©e 6di doldw 



170 



promoted during Colonial and Revolutionary times. Among the 
sailships are to be found the "Sally Constant," from which the 
first English settlers in the United States landed at Jamestown, 
Virginia, in 1609, and the fJlayf lower which brought the Puritans 
to Plymouth Rock eleven years later. 

The American S teamboat «"«"The fine rivers of America 
stimulated the exertions of several ingenious men living on the 
Atlantic seaboard to adapt the steam engine to navigation. 
Prominent among these pioneers, whose labors make good America's 
claim to the birthplace of the steamboat, was James Rumsey, some 
of whose experiments upon the Potomac River were witnessed by 
General Washington as early as 1787. A model of Rumsey* s steam- 
boat of 1788 and of that made by Pitch about the same time are 
shown together with the model of the first screw propelled 
steamboat to navigate the waters of any country built by John 
Stevens in 1804. Pulton's "Clermont" of 1807, Stevens* "Phoenix" 
of 1808 are also in the series which contains a model of the 
steamship "Savannah," built in 1818 by Georgia capitalists, 
which has the distinction of being the first steamship to cross 
the Ocean sailing from Savannah, Georgia, for Liverpool on her 
initial voyage, Saturday, May 22, 1819. The original log-book 
containing the account of this historic voyage, is deposited in 
the National Museum. 

The collection further embraces the following series: 

1. Boats pushed by poles or propelled by paddles or oars. 

2. Sailboats (driven entirely by the wind). 
5. Steamboats. 



3d:} ^fjomA .8env^> v-anold wIovsH baa l^iaoioO aniin£, i)9:tomotq 

9rf.^ aoiriv/ rno'i-t \^n..SanoO u1b8- edS bm^ol eJ oi e-tB aqlilaliaa 

,.nwo.;rssmBT^ ;ri5 bebtiBl ascTsctS i,9;JinU 9r{.^ nJt 3te_ri.tsa xfp..Mo^n?T tg-rn- 

• •istBl 3ii59x a9V9l9 jIooH ilcfuomYl*! o;t 

^^lU no ^ntvll a.^- -roinsani I^ievsa to naoi::?iyxo 9r{;t bscT^Ijjmicra 
.noi:r.5a.tven o:.^ enls^B ms&iB 9rf.t cTq^oB o.l Mjaodasa oicTnBlM 
a'BoiieniA Boo:;^ 9J{.3fij aiodal 980(fw ,8iBsnoJ:q 9a9rf,t oaom.E ^r.-,rnioiq > 
emo^ ,Y08miiH f^amBL aaw .?^odmB3:ta orf:^ ^o soHlqdi^ici c,ri;> oj hiIbIo 
-<ia DsaaerTiiw oiew ^svlH o^Tfocrog 9rf.^ noqu 8;tn9ml'i9qx9 saorfw lo 
■-fiii.e^a a«'^68iin;H 'io Isbora A . ^\SVI as ^Ii^e aa no:tt>rThi5BW l.G-^-",r,AC; 
9ii3 9n:tl:f sm^a srl^r Juods doSl% ijd ebam ^BdcT .0 i.>it^ c>6VI ^o J-.ioa 
-osiXsqoiq waioa iBiil erf.; ^o loDom Qxfcf rf:tivv leri^&ao.^ rmona 
arloG Yrf tliyd ^t^tm/oo ynB ^o a^eiaw edS stB^lvan o.f ifiodfriso^- 

erfj xo i>vi)om xi ciiij:a;tfloo lioidw 39I192 edi s^t 03l^3 sis 8081 ^0 

aao-xo oi as.d,:m3eia Ja-ii'i ei^- T>fJi9d -.q ii^Uoai:,a.D s/ij .^j-{ n^x^iw 
iBd ao looqi^viJ -o-t ,si3^f060 .d&imHvnB motr-^lliB^ rti^soO srf* 

i^OOd-aoI iBHlaHo OffT .6181 ,ag YBl'.l .^rj^h-trsiBk. , 6«in:CV I.iio^inx 

ni i)9:ti3oq9D ai ,83syov oi-o.+ axd aidj .,- .n^joooi. srU aniniisctnoo 

• ajjeauM Ijsaol;tBH edi 
: 39X193 aaiwoIXo'l 8d;t ae^iiidia© ledctii/t no r + oeXIoo sdT 
.aiBo 10 s9lbi3Bq r,rj boS.leqo-iq 'to ...O'l ;^. ;>vnuifq a^soH 

.(bniT/ ori.t Yd Yl®T-t^n9 nevxiL) siiJodIiB'3 .a 

• aJ-jsodroBSCfB .5 



171 



The American Ra ilway ♦-"■As the South Atlantic States 
were foremost In the Introduction of transatlantic steam navi- 
gation, so were they early in the field of railroad construc- 
tion. The first railway line, one hundred miles long, built and 
operated in the world, was the railroad, one hundred and thirty- 
nine miles long, built by the South Carolina Railroad Company 
from Augusta, Georgia, to Charleston, South Carolina; and the 
first steam locomotive built upon the Western Continent for ac- 
tual service was the "Best Friend," which was built for that 
road in 1880 and went into service in the following year* 

Various forms of locomotives experimented with in 
England and America previous to the construction of the "Best 
Friend" are illustrated* 

The First Steam Railway Train in t he South Atlantic 
States . —The South Carolina Railway was built upon plans which 
would now entitle it to be called an elevated railway. A model 
showing the method of track construction upon v/hlch is placed 
the first steam train that ran in the South Atlantic States 
December 14, 1830. Near it are placed models of sleeping-car 
appliances built for railways terminating at Richmond and Peters 
burg, Virginia, the earliest forms of sleeping berths used in 
American cars. 

Land Vehicles . — For the purposes of this Exposition 
the Land Vehicles are arranged under the following classifica** 
tions: 

1. Land Vehicles drawn by men or domestic animals. 



-ivsn m&eis oiinBli&an.€>ti lo noi;toul)0*i;tni edi nl i-aom&'wl 9*i9w 

ijiiB ^liud tjiinol salim iJ9ibniji1 ano ,siiil ^iBWliBi c^a-ii'i srf'C ,noi* 

«Y^iir(:t l)nB batbaud eno ,f)soiIiB'i e.riJ asw , oliow 9r{;t ni i39;t.sT[9qo 

ijnjEjqmoO biJo-^IiBH BniloiBO riiuoS sdi y,d ilLu6 ,snoI aslira anin 

9i1;t baB ,-BnxIoit.sO rld-uoS , ao^TasIiBiO o? tJ^-i:r5ioeO jS-^aLf^irA moil 

>-0B Tot- ^nsniinoO msitasW siicf noqu cfXiucf 9vi:^oraoooI mB:3Cf8 ia-tii 

jBiLi- -10 i tltkJd 3BW rioirfw "tDnexit cTaed" eri^ qsw eoivisa IbjjI 

.T:B9\r sniv/ollol 6.1.t ni ©oivisa oJni drisw i)nB OiSI al bBO'i 

ni. fiitiw i)9in9inlT9CTX9 39VJ:,toraoooI lo am-^ol awoiiBV 

cfasS* an.-t lo noiiout:ia£ioo edi o'^ Buoive-^jq Boi-ismA jjiiB .fenBl^na 

• i)9oBi;fsjjIIJ: ^iB "bneii? 

QMJi§.ltA^ilUoA 9fii ni nlBiT j^bwI i jsfi m B a J 8 J a -t i ^ g dT 

rfoirfw 3nBlq noqis iliud aBW ybwIxbH BrfiloiBO rtctuoS 9jdT'— . a^9iBJ^ 

Isboni A .ijBWiiBt i>9:tBV9l9 hb aeXI^^o uu oi Ji 9l:ti;tii9 wort olwow 

b90Blq ai rioiriw noqu noi^ouictanoo >IoB^i lo Dod^tsra edi aniwoda 

89:tB;ta olinBlSk diuoa 'ddi ai hbi iBd;^ nlBil niB9ct3 creiil Qd^ 

iB0«?iniqe9l2 lo alaijon hsoBlq sib ii -^gqH .0S8I t:M tedmooaa 

3'i9;te^ Mb i)noradoiH ;tB ani:tBni£a-i9^ •ax^'f^^^'^ '^o1 illud aaoiiBilqqB 

ni &9a?j 3d:rT9d gniqsala to am-iol ;t39l:IiB9 9d:^ ^.iitni:%i,iy ,aiucf 

.31B0 itBoii9raA 

noi^ieoqxa aidi lo asaoqiuq od:t 'io^--.a^l2iji8V_bjlBJ 
-BoiliasBlo ^niwoXIol sdi tebnu bs'e^nattB bib aaloiriaV i>nBJ 9d;t 

: anoict 
.alBmiflB oi;ta9rco& 10 nem ^d nwBii) a9loid9V dhbJ .1 



172 



1. The Rolling Load. 

2. Sledges and Rollers. 

5. Vehicles with solid (or nearly solid) wheels. 
4. Vehicles with wheels containing spokes. 
II. Land Vehicles propelled by natural or generated forces. 

1. Experimental sail cars and hore*-power locomotives. 

2. Experimental Steam Locomotives. 

3. Experimental Electrical Locomotives.. 

Early Electric al Appar a tus .*^*" In no other department 
of science have American investigators, from the very beginning, 
been so successful, not only in the discovery of fundamental 
truths, but also in the prompt application of the principles 
deduced therefrom to useful purposes as in the domain of elec^ 
trlcity. 

The success of Franklin's experiments in the year 
1784 in the construction of what he calls the "Electrical Wheel" 
is illustrated, for the first time, in these collections in the 
J. ;.^ models of the two devices involving the most important princi- 
ples utilized in the modern motor as described by Franklin in 
his letter to Peter Collinston, London, dated that year aJ&d 
published pn page 252 of his autobiography. Strangely enough 
no prominence has been given to these aiicient electrical raach*- 
ines in subsequent scientific writings relating to the history 
of electricity. 

In the models and photographs of the apparatus de« 
signed in 1829 by Joseph Henry, the First Secretary of the 
Smithsonian Institution, are found the instruments by which the 



.atalloH: ij ui ae>}i>©ia .a 
.alG9riw (biloa ^IiBen -.o) biloa r[;Uw aeloirfsV .£ 

390101 l)?.:ri:;neneii lu .Cii*i:u^i>n ^d belloqoiq csa.i.ax:iyV .jn^J .II 
a8vi:?orno.ool i8v/oq«9Torl firiB aiao lijsa IxKtneml-iQqxa .J 

.asvi;?omoooJ. f<TB9;t8 I.3;ta9[TTl'i9qx3 .J? 
• ssvioornoooJ iBoituosXa lai-nera-t-jQqxS .S 
:fnemd-i3q 8i) T9rl;to on nI-^>H.3fj;tjat.QCfC[A. Ij3oi-t:^0 9ja vJiaS 
janiriniaecT v-isv sdi mo'it ,aio--t eg Jci 8 evnl asoiiemA sviid aonaioa lo 

saslqiofjiiq enct ^o n:o x d bo ilqqii iqmoiq eri;^ nl OBls^iud tSHiuic^ 
'-'osle lo nisraoi) 9ii:f ni 3b esaoqiuq .Lulesi; o;t rootleiori^ beoubeb 

1&&X 9rf^ ni adT!9mJ:t8fl[X6 a 'nifsin^i'*! lo aasoojja erfT 

"loQiiW liioitc^oeia" siict elliirj Bd imvi lo noitouTc^anoo e/i;t ni ^SVl 

Qdi ai arioiioQlloo esedi tJ; ,^r.ii ia-Til srio -lol »ij9:ti3*r>taLfIi i: ax 

-ionitq Jnjs^-^oqrax taom sricf anxvlovni aeoivei) owit orfi 1o alsbom 

nl nilJlns*!^ x^ beditoaeb 8b 'to^om n'lB^ora f^di at bBs.iLliu aeXq 

bJ!fe T^SY j*i3d;t r)eJ.sJj ,.nobnOiI <noianiJIoO leie^ o.t t3;^d'el airi 

li^jjona Yl9a«-B*J^S . Yy{qj3i30ldo;tyB alii lo S3S 6SBq fq i>9daildijq 

-rfoBm IijO.!:tJ"osl9 tnsioa-i sserl:? oi" nevx,':^ nssd Bsd eoneaimo'iq on 

-"iTOvtairi ftrf^ oi ■^al.i^if-n ai^iiiJ xtw oxli.j.aeio3 J'ns.c/peadiJ's nl sanx 

"©ib auJ-siBqqjB erf.t lo adqijigo^orfq bnB alebom edS nl 

9d>t 'io Y*^ii>j ©1093 itaLfS orC:! ^X'^-ffSH o'qsaoT, xd GSlil rfi fjsnsJta 
eri^t rioiiiw \:cf ad-norasjicfaril 9.di i)ni/ol sis tfioxJuixctanl nBxnosriJxraS 



173 



electro-magnet was for the first time utilized to convey a sig« 
nal to a distance; in it is embodied the principle upon which 
the modern electrical telegraph is based. The first instrument 
to make a permanent record of words transmitted over a wire by 
the agency of electro-magnet was designed and constructed by 
Samuel F. B. Morse in 1837. A model, an exact reproduction of 
the original machine, too precious to risk removal, which is 
now in the custody of the Western Union Telegraph Company, has 
been obtained through the courtesy of the president of that Com- 
pany. 

Actively associated with Morse from the date of his 
earlier experiments was Alfred Vail, a man of great ingenuity 
and rare mechanical ability. 

The original telegraphic instrument by which the his*- 
toric message, "What hath God wrought," was received at Balti- 
more, May 24, 1844, and constructed under the direction of Vail. 
It is one of the valuable treasures deposited in the United 
States National Museum, the removal of which being prohibited 
on the ground of safety, is illustrated by a model of full size. 

Limitations of space, unfortunately, prevent a more 
extended exhibit of apparatus connected with the origin of the 
telephone, the dynamo, and the application of the electrical; 
current for producing light, and the transmission of power. 

Following is a brief outline of the apparatus exhibi- 
ted: 

•^ h « ' 

III. Early Electrigal Apparatus (models only exhibited). 

1. Apparatus designed by Benjamin Franklin. 



-.§13 B xevnoo 0^ be^ilLiu etnii itaii^t oris loJ a^w cfoasij-n-oictosif 

rioixiw rtoqu slqloniiq sricf bQlbodma ai ;ti f.i ; 9onji.taio x; ocf Ibh 

tnarairi^eni cta-jil srfT ..bSBBtf 8i frqBTs?*l9;t Isoiicfosls msJooro eAi 

Yd" aiiw .-> 'isvo beHirnp.tiB'ri s.b-jo"w to b'^onot .taenjsrn-ieq b sjiBsti. oJ 

Yo' £i9d-o-;-£c/3noo i)a,n i)9nj.|.L<iL-jj ajaw ^0it^:.^_iilI-01c!'o9I9 lo "^onoaB sria 

lo itoi.^ouijo-xqe's iosxe n& \lsbosii A .V<581 ni ©eioM. .S ,'5 leinnija 

al rfoirfw ,Ijsvosn9'^ jfaii oJ suoios'-fq oot ^e.^Moaii LsniTiliio srfl 

ZBd ,Tjri.HqnioO xiqaigeleT noiaU meieeW y^j lo ^lioiaijo oxi? ni won 

-moO *Brii lo :tn9f)ia£iq erf.t ^o '^asrfiji/oo ericf rfsuo^ri:^ £)6nlB;tdo ne9d 

8if( lo orf'af) Qdi tr.ci'J. ©aioM iiTx^v i;tJ.iJ:oo3Bi3 \:ievi:*oA 
\';tijjneg,nx d-B9T5^ Ic n^jr? b ,IiBV i)9i"ilA Qiiw acfnsajiTsqxe isiliBe 

.lisV lo noio09'^-.tl) edi "ratnu f)9ioifi;?prToo brti-; ^M^SX , I^S ybM jetcm 

i:)©:tiaU sri:f ni b9:ti3oq9b Bt'isjE^^-i^ ^^iQ^^isliyv- bi-i lo :,no ai cTI 

i)6:fidirfoiq sniscf rioiriw "io li'.vomGi sdiJ ^fRueauI.! lanoliBK EQiQiQ 

.9sJt8 IIul 'tc lebom b \d beiB'^isuil'L cl ^^T^^e^iis lo bnrroi.i 9r[j no 

9rfi lo ni?»,i:io eiiJ ff;?iv jbe^toefinoo aii^JiiiiiqqB ^o :fi.6id.xe i>6.bn9C^X9 
ijjo j--f:t?>9lr> edi Jo ito r.-^B^lIrrqjs erf* br-p', jOfrr-Gfrvo jarfc' ,9n0ffqfil;^^ 
• Te-woq "lO nciaeim3£i.6i:J bxfJ ijn^ tj^ir^il g,niDiJi:a-iq -rol Jntjiiijc 
<^i.dldxe zisiB'iBqq& sdi to Biiiltuo t&iid b si gnlwollo'4 

:f>9;t 

• rtilTJfiBT'^ nlftiBtnoa xd bsn§ia9b eu;JBiBqqA .1 



174 



2. Apparatus designed by Joseph Henry. 

3. Telegraphic apparatus invented by Morse and Vail. 

In the same Alcove were shown the contributions of 
the Department of History and Numismatics. These consisted of 
a series of coins and medals, as follows :»->^ 

(a) Principal coins occurring in the North American Colo- 
nies from 1525 to the establishment of the United States Mint 

in 1793. 

(b) Medals commemorative of the Revolutionary War. 
Among the most interesting coins are the "Oak Tree" 

shillings 1652, and the "Mark Mubby" penny, the "Rosa American" 
penn;^, the Continental dollar, of the copper c6ins issued by the 
Colonies before the Revolution. Here also are shovra three col*- 
ored sketches of birds by John J. Audubon, the most famous 
painter of birds who ever lived, who was born near Nev/ Orleans, 
in 1781. 



BUREAU OP AMERICAN ETHNOLOGY. 

The exhibit of the Bureau of American Ethnology oc- 
cupied Alcove was prepared under the direction of Prof. W.J, 
McGee, who describes it as follows)- 

This exhibit illustrates three representative Indian 
tribes of North America, viz: Cherokee, Papago and Seri. .'The 
Cherokee Indians represent a large and important Iroquoian fami- 
ly or stock; the Papago tribe forms the leading branch of the 



7.0 aaoiiudlijaoo &di nwoffa eiew evooIA smBe 9rf:t xrl 

intU seiBiB beiinU eri;? lo (tnemrta II dBcf as sric^ o.:r aS5I rnoi']: sein 

.Sevi .(Ti 
• I'iiW \:*ianoiiijIov©H srf:? lo evi:tj3iom©ny!5.oo alJ5i)eM (d) 

■ ' .(■.■_.-.■■., 

er,^ XQ i)e*j8£x sxiioo 'isqqoD t^rii io ,ib.lIo)3 lB;rn6ni:t.aoO sxicT ^-^nneq 
"loo ee'irf;^ fiworfa sis oaJf:? p-reH ..aol+i/IoveH edd' eioted aeinoIoO 

taniiSl-iO we;i liasfi rt-fod sjsw or{w ^b€*vil tev^ oriw al)-iid lo "fBiniBq 

•ISVI ni 

.Yf)0J0T1K7S JIAOIHaai/, "50 UASHUS 

»Z,''J *'ioi^i *lo noiJoetli) ed^ leijriij oetBqf^'sq bbw C evo^lA beiquo 

-{rwoXJoI SB j i 89di-ioaei) o/fw ,990oM 

s"(0?. . .r-!eC biiB o^jDq^i*! » oe>Io'£eciO :siv t/joiietnA. riJ^toH lo Qedl'ii 
-iriuol; n/^iotfpo*!! .-trfBcf'Toqm i: b(\B Qfi'r.Bl b ^i^eaeiqeT an-Bihnl fi^jfc^erfO 



175 



Piman stock; while the Seri Indians are the sole representatives 

of their family. It has been thought better to make moderately 

full exhibits of a limited number of tribes than to illustrate 

a large number of tribes incompletely. The Cherokee tribe was 

selected for representation because of 'its local interest; the 

others because they are little known and the collections are 

quite new. 

The Cherokee Indians were the oboriginal owners of 

the pine-clad hills and fertile valleys of what is now northern 

Georgia, the western Carolinas, eastern Tennessee, and a part of 

Virginia. They were the first occupants of the site of Atlanta; 

they lingered long in their old hunting grounds ; and while most 

of the -tribes have disappeared from the woodlands and mountains 

a few remain in the eastern Cherokee reservation in Swain coun« 

ty, North Carolina, within one hundred and fifty miles of At** 

lanta. The collections illustrating the Cherokee Indians com^ 

proses pottery and basketry, largely of primitive types; the 

aboriginal bow and arrow, with the singular blowgun, which at»- 

tracted much interest among the earliest white explorers; the 

eagle«^- feather masks and .torstcitise'-Ghell rattles, and other 

paraphernalia of the primitive ceremonials; stone implements 

and pipes; pottery-making tools and domestic utensils; articles 

of costume and personal adornment; fishing spears, etc. The 

collection was q^ade within a few years by an expert familiar 

with Indian customs, who was enabled to obtain the most ancient 

and sacred, as well as the modern possessions of the Indians. 

eav 
While many of the articles are accultural (or affected by the 



aevJ-^B^tneasi-qftt ©loa erii &ib ansliDnl it&B &di sliriw ;2ioo?3 njamJ:^ 

ecfB-Y^Jatrlli o.. nBr{+ Rscfi-f;? lo ibdaun jj6;;ifftii ji lo Eoidiflxe ILis'l 

SBw sdiict 98:}Coi9rfO eriT . Yl&^oIqniODnl aecfitcT 'to isdmun s^jisI b 

srfcT ;tae*i6;fni IbooI 7:.S I'Jo sctxJiDcd nc x :tBJneaG-£qst -jo^ be^fne^-i 

st^; anoicTos.r.lQo enj jj.iii nwciiiJi 5l.'!:ril gib xedi sauBOftd citiiicfo 

• wen soiijp 

je^tnfil^A lo s.t.!:3 erft lo scTnGrTfjoO' Ja-rll orf^ siew ^s^T .Biniri^iV 

^-aoai elimv o.^.i , sun -5013 j.,nijriijr: dIo *il6n:- :ii gnol betasfiil \^eii;? 

sniBJ-fii/om LnB 3i>nBlboow eri'^ rao^l l)siB©qqBaiJb 9\'Bf{ aedlTl. Bdi to 

'-nuocj G.tB'wS nt. no i:?T. vessel e93f.o*ror0 n'fe.t3BS Prf:? qi nlBms-i w^l i. 

***A lo aslim /.-j.^i rurxi .u:^,ii)ii;;ri sno ;;in,iw jBrilO'ifiO rictioT'i ,Y" 

•*^oo an-sifonl oo:f(of9ffO ©rfl gnicfBTcfauIIi anoliofilloo eriT .B^fiBl 

Bdi ;aeqY.i ©vlctimiiq 10 YlsgtBl ^v.iJ-ejIaBd bnxi yirc^cJoq seaoiq 

■^iB rioiriw tnjjijwoli iBluania sdi rict iv' ,wo*s-i^j i^riB woo iBni^iTodji 

edi ;^*I6^oIqx9 s^iriw ;ta6lI*iB9 sdi ^nom.£, ip.eieini rfoijm I)9;tOB*r:t 

T9n:to bnB ,39l;?:^BT ITsrfo-9ai5p>.:t.To-t i)"fi> p.:'r.xim Tf^rTtii?;! ~<9lgBe 

a-:tfioffi.9lqfi:i enocfa ; ai.--i.ri0ri'i9'-i:o-i) oviJxmiiq ©cij io iixiBmsriqBiBq 

aoIoiJ'iB ; &Ixan9;tiT oicfaamob i)nB alood^ snlJlBm-'^^Ts^^oq jaeqlq bnB 

exiT .D.j'5 ^a^rBecr^ ^ir^lrfs il ; .'trfprrnTohp; ''.nnop.'ff.T bn-f. 9njjr.-tpcn lo 

iBiiimBl i'^eqxe iiu yci aiBey v/o"i ji nirlJiw ox)^.ip aBvy nciJoeiloo 

;tri?>.conB ;taom eriJ nxBido oJ bHldaae aBw oiiw ,3no:tauo nsibnl ricfiw 

• anBifonI cii.j lo anoiaaBaaoq meLom erict 3B Jlei'' 3.8 ,f>9T0B8 brrB 

eriJ- Y^ DSJoellB to) i^vTu^IuooB eiB aelol^-i/j odJ to ^nsm cliriW 



influence of the higher race), many illustrate fairly the abori- 
ginal ideas of the Indians of southeastern United States. The 
collection fills one wall case, with the larger articles ar- 
ranged above it. 

The Papago Indians are a tribe of the desert; they 
occupy the hot and dry Papagueria (the most arid region of equal 
extent in North America) , lying south of the Gila river and west 
of the Sierra I^Iadre mountains in Arizona and Sonora(Mexico) • 
Their mode of life is a blending of the nomadic and agricultu*- 
ral; they establish settlements by springs and water holes, and, 
while the ground is moist from one of the rare storms, they 
plant maize, melons and beans, which quickly mature; and when 
the spring fails or the water hole dries up, the rancheria is 
abandoned and the people scatter in search of other sources of 
water. In autumn they collect the fruits of different species 
of cactus, mesquite. beans, etc., and in winter they migrate to 
the mountains of Mexico, where they live by hunting. Although 
discovered and highly esteemed by the early Spanish explorers 
and missionaries, the Papago Indians are little knov/n outside 
of their own territory; the collection exhibited is the first 
one of note, both as to articles and photographs every brought 
to eastern United States. It embraces pottery and water-tight 
basketry, in the making of which these Indians excel; the crude 
plow, akin to that of ancient Egyp^, and the still more primi- 
tive spade or digging stick; games of divination and diversion; 
musical instruments; bows and arrows, which are still in limited 
use, with some of the stone implements used by ancestral tribes 



edT .Be-j^ia beilr^U niBi'^i.ediuoa Jo anBlbnl erf.- lo saebl Innl^ 
-IB BQloi.:^iB lestBl erf;^ rfiiw ^ae^n Ilsw sno r;.r r ^':^ ro/.-tnnJIoo 

IBUP3 lo norss-r bite .taora 9rf:t) sitsuBBqjsq ^tb briB .*oi^ rvi.t vrrrono 
. (or,.r--,.i)i.ri-onoci Dn^ Bfio^i-iA ni anlaimjom Bib&^ Bii8i8 erfJ lo 

,i)nB <S9l0n -fP.tBW bne, ?;■i,^T.^'.•r^r u,r • ^r,....S V'^-:t T-- 

...v.^Ci '^C-jJ 4X»i 

Yorii tarmoc^a eiBi ori: "lo eiio riio-il 5aiom ?>i bnisot^ sdi ^Ildw 
nsdw I)nB letaism yl^olup rfoMw ,8nB9d hns p/rojem .BT.tnrr ir^sia 
81 .^^-MOHBT ©if:t »qrj seiijb eXon •'-^- ^o u, ' .ni-iqa euj 

lo i^^o-usoE leaJo lo liotBes iti -.edi^oa slqosg siicT dhb banobnBcfA 
aftlosqa :tneielllb lo acMutl srfcf :to8.[Ioo ^en^t nfnn:tuB nl ,'To:fr,w 
oi a-.;^t^M YSrfi ^^^n.tw ni bns ,,od9 ,£n^9d .©c^iijpasm .au^oBo xo 
iaiJOiKiA .gniitnurf y-J ^vil v,edi sisiiw ^ooixoM lo aniBcfnuora eri.t 
8i9ioIqxe rfairiBqS Ylt^e erfi y^^ berasscfas Ylrf?.lrf mb fj'HTevcf^sif) 
eblBiuo nwoinr ...r-MT p^. 3nBix)r*I ogBqe*! 6d:f , aeliBi'oIc^Him i.nB 
^BTll edi ai jj£>^idiax& aoicfoslloo erii ;-isoi ittei nwo Ti9rf:t lo 
^.dgiroTd yt9V9 affq.?,tsocror{q i)nB aoIoiitiB o:r sb ricfod .-cforr. lo -»no 

©buio -:rfj ;li)OXa Bruilbul qb^^'H noiiiw lo sfT-b-lBm sri:t ni ^^^;fe?fEBd 
--imiiq e-iortr Ilicfs sfTcf Lns rt^Y^iS inBions lo ?j?rf:t c^ ni?fB ,woIq 

3SJ.rrnil ni TIUs eiB rloiMSv ^av/oi-yB i)nB swod ; scfnamuiitani iBoiaum 
sodi:-i:r iBi.tasonB vd I)9aii aJnsmsIqfrii enocfe sii.' -.moa di Ivi ^ezn 



177 



in the same region; rope-making material and apparatus; domestic 
utensils, costumes and the like. The collection is arranged in 
three wall cases, one of which is allotted to the peculiar arti- 
cles made chiefly of the agave; these include the mat used for 
bedding, basketry, the cradle, etc. In addition there is a 
large floor case showing life-size models of Papago women en- 
gaged in pottery- making, with examples of the pottery made by 
the tribe; and the peculiar carrying basket and costumes in- 
troduced were those found in actual use among the Indians last 
autumn. Many of the articles are accultural, since the Papago 
Indians have borrowed from the white men such arts as seemed 
good in their sight; but a part (including the pottery and bas- 
ketry) are primitive, and some represent perfectly the abori- 
ginal condition of the tribe-^among these being the family and 
other fetiches still in constant use among the Papago Indians. 
Two additional floor cases contain models of the Papago habita- 
tions, which are commonly built of a peculiar grass over a frame 
work of mesquite poles, more rarely of aflcbe. 

TKiB,S«Ei Indians occupy Tiburon Island, in the Gulf 
of California, and a considerable area of the adjacent mainland 
of Sonora, Mexico. They are probably the most primitive Indians 
remaining in North America; they are without agriculture, and 
have no domestic animals except dogs. Their food is fish and 
water-fowl from the sea, and game from the land, commonly eaten 
raw, with the fruits of cacti, mesquite beans, berries, acorns, 
etc., in season. They have been at war with the neighboring 
tribes and with whites for three-and-a-half centuries, and lose 



-^•/... 's^tlrjo^q er^:^ o:t be^JolI:; ai rioirf^ TO 6no ^asaao IIbw eeidi 
^01 beei.- :r^ 9rl.- ebulonz saedi ;ev3^B edi lo xlJsirio eiD.-.- s^lo 

-nl aoffii;:raoo briB ^9?f3i;d ?^ni vtijbo ix-^ r rr-. ,-.,-. ..-.. . • .^.. ,^.. 

« -- u X 1 J fa n J 

OBBqsH sdi oonia a^tfr.-Iuoois siij aeloUtB edi lo vriBM .nmiriuis 

bemcBB 3s, 8*1.. .fox/a nem G^ir^w «,(:r ^..-r^ f,«woi-iou .-/i^rf ^^BlLnI 

-asd i3n.: ' - -' crij :.ni£^iDni)cfv^q b ;tud ;;Jrfgia ilsrfct ni boog 

-iiodij edi xl^oelieq cTnssoiqeT ernoa /ms ,evi:f}.mitq ^tii (yt^9>[ 

bn^ Ylirn^l edi ^nled casrf:^ n^oni^^-.w r.- .^ , ^^os.S Lb:.ou- i^ni^ 

.3r.BlbnI oBBq^q erii ^nom^ sa;j o-i.r£:tanoo nl lii^^ Badolie^. ledio 

-sctlaBrf osx5qB<I 9rl\t 10 alstoin nls^Jnoo aeaiso tool^ iBnoiiibba owT 

STHBT^ j5 T8V0 EE^i^ iBlIijoeo .s ^^o ^^liird i«I.iomn-- - 'olnw ,3noii 

11 1/9 er{.t nl ,.onfiIaI riotirdiT TEqirooo anBlbrrJ- J:rt$8 oHT 

an^lbnl svl:timiiq iaom &ri:f ^iG^^do'iq ei^ ^exlT .ooixeM ,BTono8 -o 

baM dan si boot tledT .agoi) cTqooxs alpine o.^.t^r.:-.^ orr eviBil 

noiii© Ylnomraoo .dhbL eiiJ moil 9mj:>a bns ,&Qa edi rao-il Iu'ol-',-ed-;sw 

,aniaofi ,aelTi9d taxuisd s^lypasm ,x:'oiio lo ailuit f^di di Iw ,w£i 

-ni-odd^ien 9di dMr -.r:- ;fi; need GVBd vsriT .f:rcaB93 ni ^.ocTe 

;^> ,i:j-i'ijj*n50 i:.o:i-i.-i)nii«&eii{J lol aeiiriw diiw bn^ sediii 



Sciu^. 



V7\ 



no opportunity to rob hy night or to murder by ambush or strat- 
egy. By reason of their warlike and treacherous character, the 
Seri Indians are little known to ethnologists. The articles and 
photographs exhibited are believed to be the first every ob*- 
tained among them. The collection comprises the bow and arrow 
(the latter, according to the testimony of Mexicans and Indians 
.themselves, being poisoned), robes of pelican skin which take 
the place of blankets, face-painting material and utensils, 
basketry, and their peculiar pottery, as well as their exceed- 
ingly meager series of imploraents and utensils; the collection 
being complete except for the rude water-craft and fishing nets 
which it was found impracticabld to obtain. The exhibit occu»- 
pies two wall cases, with a number of articles arranged above 
them; it includes also a floor case containing a life-size model 
of a Seri hunter, armed with bow and quiver with arrows. The 
Seri Indian's are notable for tall statue, robustness of chest, 
slenderness of arms and legs, and dark color of the skin. 
They are remarkably fleet of foot. 

The Exhibit includes twelve transparencies (photo- 
graphs on glass), six representing the Papago Indians with their 
houses, occupations, costumes, etc., while six represent the 
Seri Indians with the flimsy wickiups used on the mainland; 
their seaside houses, consisting of turtle-shell elevated on 
rocks or poles, have never been photographed. 



-oc ^-x^ve ia-^n arlcf ed o:r bevelled eiB bscfMirfxe arfqaiao^onq 

woTTB bfii, wod ed:f asc^i^cirrroo noi:toslIoo ar^T ....... ...om^ h..^,. 

sn^i lioirfw niiia nBoilsq lo aedoi , (i,enoaxoq anJted eSavJearnarl^. 

-oeanx:. -isrf. 3b Hew a., .vto^^oq i^iiuoGq -lieaJ dh^b .r^ieiiBSid 

noi.toalloo erf:? j^Iiane^r i,a.. a^fneniolqmi lo usltsa lesBam ^I;^nl 

acfsiT ;r5nirf8n i>nB :flBio^i9;t.sT7 ebr/T crfi ^n.^ :tqeoxo e.tolqmoo anied 

.nM3 arf;t lo -toloo >l;TBi. Jb/r.o .r^..j b^.K ..... ,. aeeivtsDnela 
-o;tor{q) selons^Bqan^-t:^ svlww.f a9l)iJlonl ctidi/ixiii erfT 

liHiBlnxan enc? no besn eqnijCoiw ^sfsill Qdi riilw anBxbnl lisE 
. boriqii-i^od oifq aetjci lovi'Xi yvviil ,aoloq lo ajiooi 



179 



DEPARTMENT OP ETHNOLOGY. , 

At the north end of the long isle (Alcoves P and Q) 
and adjoining the eastern portal was the exhibit of the Depart- 
ment of Ethnology. This space is adjacent to the east entrance, 
and is actually one of the entrances to the Smithsonian space. 
On either side of the archway ware shown groups of Indian fig- 
ures, clothed in their native costmmes, and engaged in their 
customary occupations. Especially conspicuous was the Sioux 
chieftain, in full war paint, mounted on his gaily housed pony, 
and with feather^ headdress sweeping to the ground; while facing 
him was a group of Kiowa Indians engaged in moving their habi- 
tation, some mounted upon a horse, and others carried behind it 
by means of primitive appliances know^n as the "travois." Be- 
neath there was a group of Kiowa children, another of Navajo 
women weaving blankets, also a Crow warrior painting his blanket^ 
and a Chippeway writing an inscription on a tablet of birch 
bark. Another very striking group of seven figures represented 
a religious ceremony practiced by the Indians of Prince Rupert's 
Sound. The principal figure is an Indian who is personating a 
cannibal, and who is about to leap into the house through a 
circular door. Two men are holding him back, while four musi- 
cians in front are playing upon their rude instruments. The re- 
mainder of this space is occupied by an exhibit prepared at the 
express desire of the ladies in charge of the Woman's Building, 
showing the arts which are practiced by women among primitive 
peoples, especially in North America. This collection includes 



(P bns 1 sevooIA) sXel gnol srf* lo fine .-!•,., 
-.*..,ea erf. ,0 ,..o-;rfxe erf. a.. x.,.o, ...,.«..,, 3„,„,„.,, ,„^ 

.eo.,a „.i„oarf.i„8 orf. o. aeon.^.ne .., ,o ..o vH.k.o. ax .„. 
-sn HBltal to aq„o,s ™od. e-raw ,^„rfo-,B s.« to eMa ,8rf,ie „0 
-r-'erf. ,,i bsa^sne hnB ,aa,n*.aoo evl.^n nxarf. nl ibe.«oI, ...^„ 
xuoiS 9rf+ aBW Qiiouoiqaaoo vllBt-^^azS -r^^-r^ 
..no, iaa^on ^li.-, ,;,■ ,, ,,,„„„„ ^.^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ,„i..tairfo 
anio^t sxirfw :ta«o.a srf. ». snXc,e„a eas-^bfiaerf a,6ri.3,l AU. i,^ 
-idBri -vlsrf. a„ivo« rrx fieaBgns an^Xfinl awolJi to q„0T3 ^ a^« „,,, 
a i.nxrfed f,oX.-,B. ....... .,, ,33,„^ , „„^.„ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ 

-aa ..aiov^-rj- .n'j 2^ nwon^' asonfiXXqqB 8viJXmitq to anesm vcf 
olBVBK to -csrf.oHB ,n.-,Wl.f= ««„is 10 ,„o,a B aaw e,.« rfj^an 
sni.nisq loi .0 b osXs .aJaSneXd gnXvBsw nsfflow 

rio-=id to Jsxcl^. B no „ouqx-,oeni „b ani.i-n, XB*6qqW0 b hnB 
fisJneae-xqe-T asT^gn nevoa to q,.ois snMit.a v^ev -.-.nA .^-^a 
a'.^e<,^ eonf-,^ to an.x.nl erf. ,d x^eci^oB.q ^no^atao a.olaXxl . 
B anl.B„oa-Tsq ai orfw n^itei „^ 3, ,,,,3,^ XBqioni,, eriT .bn,so^ 
B riai/OTrf. aa^orf erf. o.nX q^eX 0. .„orfB a.t orfr i>nB .XBrfinnao 
-Xa™ ,„r,t exirfw .^obo mirf gnXfexorf e-,^ ne„ owT .-xoox, .BX«otX = 
-ST srfT .a=nsH„-c.anX eii,t ,ierf. „o,„ g„i^^xq 9Tb .nott ni anBio 
8d. .B £e-,Bqs-.q .XdXrfxe nB ^d 6eXq:,ooo st eoBqa . --, .j^ ,^^„.^^ 
.anXWX^a a.nBmoW erf. to ...tBrfo .x a.^'b^x eri. to e,iaeb aa..qx9 
evi.imx,q gnomB r,emo» ^d beol.oB-rq e^^ rfoXriw a.tB eri. gniworfa 
a6b.-Xo„X aox.oexxoo eXrfT .^oX-reoUl rf..oK nt ^IXBXoeqao ..aXqoeq 



180 



implements for basket-making, pottery, weaving, bead-work, sewing, 
agricultural implements, and appliances for burden-bearing. 
These are all fully named and explained upon the labels. The 
theory which has guided Prof. O.T.Mason in the selection of this 
series is explained by him as follows:- 

The object of this exhibit ts to show the share that 
women have had in the industrial progress of the world. 

In that continual struggle called Progress or Culture 
men have played the militant part, women the industrial part. 
A study of modern savagery is a guide to the activities of our 
own race in primitive times, and this teaches us that wom^n were 
always the first house-builders and furnishers, and that they 
devised the utensils of the humble apartments. They were the 
first clothiers, whether in skins at the north or in vegetable 
fibre nearer the equator. It was the women who went first to 
the field with baskets that they themselves had fabricated; they 
gathered the seeds of plants, bore them home on their backs, 
ground them on rude mortars, and from the flour made their mush 
or dough. They invented all sorts of fireplaces and ovens, 
pottery, and cooking utensils, and the many things employed in 
the serving and consuming of food. 

In early society women were literally the first beasts 
of burden, and it was they that devised all sorts of frames for 
the carrying of children, and bands, and baskets for carrying 
loads. 

Both men and women in savagery are touched with the 
sense of beauty, the former in the adornment of the person, the 



ElriJ lo nolJo&Sea 9rf;t ni noci.^iv- . j> .u , I bBkiiu^ a*iri doiriw ^^'lo i>rlct 

-^i&violLo'i ea mid \d b&ntBlqKs ai asi^sa 

errew n/dfflow cri.;ri;t aw aerloxiecr slrf:^ bns ,a©mio evi;J-i:raliq ni eoiii nwo 

Qdi stew \j9riT ,B:fn9m;rijaqii elJmiJi; b^lj io alianacJu erlcf l)9Eivsi3 

ald^:c^ft^0v ni to liJ-ion sd^ iB eniJia *Ti -isri^^edw t8teiri;?oIo iz^tl 

o:? cfa-sil cfnsw odw nerrc-- -.M -..k -^T .-.o^;-rrt.o v,.-r 'f^--,on n-^cfil 

^BjioBd ni9d:r no &mod me/ii etod ,aJn.6lq *lo al)89B eri:f I)6i9d:tBS 

,anevo .bxiii aeoBlq-^t J.'i 'io ajioa Hi. becTnsvni ^^odT .dgnoD to 
ni iiStfJ-Cfl^e aaniiiJ '^HBra 9d:r baa ,alian9:ru .^^ni^Iooo bnB ^x-^eiioq 

.bool l'- 'cr; jn'.'iP.'-tor. bnB ^nlviGS sdd" 
R;j8B9d ;t8til 9i{;t \li&teiiL otow aeraow ^^^-i'^^^^ \Xtii9 nl 
■iol aemj^tl 'to a-ttoa ILb bBPAv&b iBdd- y,edi sijw ii bms ^nefc-tud Io 
Sni-n'Si30 "fo'i scToTJaBd bnB tafcr^f^^; ,; -.'.•l^>J^dn 'io ^n.';^i:tt£o eriiJ 

.absol 

Qdi dilv bfidosjoi : *tb Ytfi^^.-RVBa ni xt©raow fens nam ricfoS 



181 



weapon, and the canoe, the latter in the technique of basketry, 
weaving, embroidery and pottery. 

In a small space it was designed to bring together a 
few examples of primitive woman's work in order to show the 
paths along which the sex has traveled in times past. The bead- 
work, the embroidery, the personal ornaments, the blankets, mats, 
belts, and looms, the utensils connected with food, the conve*- 
niences of housewifery, the barkcloth, the delicate handwork in 
palm leaf, the pottery, the exquisite skin-dressing, and im- 
plements of Americans, Africans, and Polynesians were silent 
witnesses of the genius, patience, and skill of women in savag- 
ery a 

It is hoped that mahy thousands of those who, for the 
first time viewed a portion of the collections of the National 
Museum at the Atlanta Exposition will hereafter have the oppor- 
tunity of seeing the Museum in its entirety in Washington. 

G. Brown Goode, 
Represe ntative , Smithsonian Institution and 
U,S«National Museum. 



t '11.1:9510 









"■' '-' ■ ; fj 






• '419 



sdi -lo'i ,,riv, 320^} 10 iin^Euorii V'rian Jb/JJ Jbsqori ax JI 

iBHOi^BH eriJ 10 3„o«o9lIoo era lo noiJto, .; bawsiv omU Ja-tll 

^.o„o ..i. ev^xf te^.e-,-.. T^.. . x.iaoqxa .,t„.XM en. ,« „„ea«M 

.no..snin-..W „i .,,,t.no a,'i nl ^„9a* od. 3«ieea lo v*in«l 



182 



IN MEMORIAM. 



G/¥^ Brown Goode. 
™-oOo 



George Brown Goode was born in New Albany, Indiana, on 
February 13, 1851, and died at his residence in Washington City 
on September 6, 1896. 

Doctor Goode was of early American ancestry and traced 
with pride his descent from John Goode of Virginia, who was a 
soldier under Bacon in 1676. On his mother's side he was 
descended from the Cranes of New Jersey and other New Jersey fam- 
ilies, who were conspicuous in the War of the Revolution. 

His father, after freeing his slaves, moved to Ohio, 
and then went to New York, where the boyhood days of Doctor 
Goode were spent. 

The young man entered Wesleyan University in Middle- 
town, Conn., and was graduated there in the class of 1870, show- 
ing during his course a marked predilection for studies in nat- 
ural history. After graduating he went to Cambridge, Mass., 
where he soent a short time in natural history studied under the 
elder Agassiz. While so occupied he was recalled to his alma 
mater to take charge of the natural history collections then 



. M A I H M a j£_ M I 
• 9booO nwoi^ At) 

no jBnjolbnl <x^BdIA weM nl ixfod aBW sbooO nwota egios-D 
Xd'-'-O no:t§nirfaBW .: sorTebieeT sid is beib hnB ^I5Q1 ,£I Y'^-strtds'S 

• 6€8I ,6 "ledmeitqsB no 
beoij'ii bns yiitseonjB njeoliamA ^Iise Ic asw sJjoof) To;tooCI 

js SBW oriw ,Bini:g-<■^V "To eboo-C ■adol mo-^l inooaeb p.iri e^i*xq fi;tiw 

auw 9rl ei)ia s'terictora aid aO .oVoI rti nooBS" loijasj TftJtbloa 

HTiBl Y^S'YS'G wePI Tsxi-to bHB i^ss'teli weM lo aanBiO edi moil beLnsoasl) 

»^^■ ■ tsLTloveH edi 1o tb^ 9ii«J ni auouoiqanoo eiew orfw ,a9JtIi 

(OiriO oj i)9Vom ^eevBla aid gnleeil iei1& ^'^ediaJ alH 

lO^tooG lo sYBl) l>ooriYOcf ©rict STeriw ,jIioy wsH od" ;Jnsif7 n9ri;t bnB 

.itneqa 9*t9w sbooO 

-eIf).blM ni Y^isisvinU nB^sIas^ Jbeiec^ne nBin snuov edT 

-woiia tOVBI lo aaslo edS nl sierict f)9:JBubB^3 sbw fonja ,.nnoO ,nwo* 

-isn ni. s.'^ibuia lol: nol;to9llbs"fq .osjCiBm b eaiiioo eld gnliul) §nl 

,,a8BM ^esblidmBO oo cTngw sri gnUBirbBig rte;ttA .Yio^Jairi Ibtjj 

Brf* TGbni/ bfilbniB x-^oistd iBini&n ni emti iioda b ^neoa ed 9i9riw 

anlB Bid oi b&ll&oe-i aBW 9d beiquooo oa elirfW .siaassA iBbls 

nsricf 3nol:to9lIoo Y^octaid lBiu:tBn edi lo GS^Bdo b5[bJ oJ leiBm 



183 



about to be installed in the Orange Judd Hall, a building which 
had recently been presented to the University. This was the be- 
ginning of his museum experience, and in it he showed remarkable 
ability, which subsequently was developed to a greater extent 
in Washington. Meanwhile he continued his studies in natural 
history, and in 1873 met Spencer F. Baird, then at the head of 
the United States ffiffh Commission. Appreciative of the ability 
of the younger man, Professor Baird promptly tended him an ap- 

A 

pointraent in the Pish Commission, with which he continued as a 
member of one of the summer parties for several years. 

As the relations between himself and Professor Baird 
grew closer, it became evident to the latter that his services 
could be used to advantage in the National Museum, to which he 
became attached as early as the winter of 1877, becoming in time 
Assistant Director, and in 1887 Assistant Secretary of the Smith- 
sonian Institution in charge of the National Museum, which of« 
fice he continued to fill until his death. 

At the time of the Centennial Exposition held in 
Philadelphia the exhibits of the Smithsonian Institution and 
National Museum were under the immediate charge of Professor 
Baird, who promptly invited his favorite assistant to become as- 
sociated with him in that work, and subsequently much of the 
installation and other work connected with that exhibition fell 
under the immediate supervision of Doctor Goodea 



~ed oiu? saw siriT .i^ctiEf svxnlJ srli oi becTnaaeiq nesd ^Icfneoai b^ii 

sldBSiiBmeT Leworie erl :t.t nl bnjs ,8onen(9qx6 raueajJiri siri Jo -gninniT^ 

cfn^ctxe -re^BSf^ b o:^ beqolevQh u..^, =cl^neup©acfira rfoxriw »v:f'- 

IB^.u^ii^ ni asibircta airf i^sixniinoo erf sliriwnBsM .noc^aniifsBW rii 

Id bBed Qdi in nedi ^bilBS. .^ teonsqS iam €^81 ni Mb ,^iocf3iri 

«gr. ii^^ riiiri jDsijne:^ Yl-^^ifiiOiq b'slBd logssloiS: .nam lesnrjpY 9.rf:t "io 
fi 3B .b9uni;tnoo 9.r{ dotdw di tyt ,noj:8e.rw.(noO rfsi"! e''i:t r}. .trTf5'r^■t^io(T 

iDiiisfi loaasloi'l jjnB llBsmid jpjevis^ed snoiitBlei edi aA 

9m!.:r ni a^ii^ioosd « VV8I lo '•^ecfiixw yrij sb ^U'ibs a^i b^doBiiB ©nBoed 

»aj..iSD axn ixJnij- liil: G;t Douni^xioo ed eoil 

fli Meri ndi:t.r8oqxS iBxnne^JfisC &d:i Jo ^rp..U -^^di iA 

.^i:.-.. .aoLSir:i linnl rtBLnoadiimB Bd.} 1o ,-^ x -..■...■/,. c- . .-i. u.ix^x^^lxii*? 

loaaG'io'x^ lo ^^iBd.o eiBlbsumi edi tobnu Btmv mueaxiM iBnoiiBVl 

-8iri arnoosd od' iriBiBiQBB siiTOVBl: a]:ri becfivni vr^q^o-Tq odw fbtZBG. 

^ '-^ ''■'■■ ^^'^ ; ''feirpesc^r- ,.- . ::,-{;?• riJL ' . '• .Jx,i;::.03 

XI0I no i J' id ixlxs ojaiio' dilw b&do&iuioo i.'fow iffirfoo .onB noi^BllBiani. 

• Bboo^j locfooCr lo ffoiaiviequa f^iBibemmi ed:i tBbnts 



184 



His experience led to his preparing a "Classification 

of the Collection to illustrate the Animal Resources of the 

United States," concerning which Professor Gill has written: 

"The work was only a catalogue, but perhaps from no 
other publication can some intellectual qualities be so readily 
and correctly gauged by a competent judge as an elaborate cat<* 
alogue. Powers of analysis and synthesis, and the ability to 
weigh the relative values of the material at hand, may make a 
•mere catalogue' a valuable epitome of a collection and of a 
science. " 

Later this catalogue was used as the basis for his 
more elaborate "Catalogue of the Collection to illustrate the 
Animal Resources and the Fisheries of the United States." 

The results of Doctor Goode*s work in Philadelphia 

were so satisfactory that a few years later a similar work with 

Cr 

greater responsibilities was assigned to him, and he was made 

United States Commissioner at the Berlin Fisheries Exposition 
in 1880. Again, he served in a similar capacity at the London 
International Fisheries Exposition in 1883. The exhibits of 
the Smithsonian Institution and National Museum at the exposi*- 
tions held in this country in New Orleans, Cincinnati, Louis- 
ville and Atlanta, were represented by Doctor Goode, who also 
was a member of the Government Board at each one of these exhi- 
bitions. 

In connection with the World's Columbian Exposition 
held in Chicago during 1893 he was especially conspicuous, pre- 
paring for that exhibition a plan of classification that formed 
the basis of the arrangement subsequently adopted by the offi« 
cials for the installation of the exhibits. 



eri;t to 39oi£;c89H iBmlnA M^f 9;tjjiJ8<jIli o^r ^o.i::^o9IIoO Qdi -Jo 

on rao-t^ yq.ori'Ysq :tua , 9t/solB:tB0 b \Lno aew iiiowr srfT" 

ocJ Y^lIidB erfcr Mb ^siaen'^nYs bnB Gla^IanB lo aiewol .eu^olB 
B 10 ^n.s noi^oelloo b "io emoctigs sUbuIbv b 'ewaolBcTBO 9^%im» 



" .&orf©io8 



alri "lo'i - exEBd rjrfj sb ioeau bbw ©ij^^oIb^bo sliicT -fec^BJ 

".8e.lBcr8 b9:^lnU eni lo c^foiTeilax'tf erf:^ Lhb aeoiuoasH iBralnA 
Bixlql9i)BlJ:rf^ ni ^i-foiv 3»9i30oO io.tooCI l-o sctluasT adT 

sbBm SBw 6:1 Di^B ,rc,;.;i oi l)t>n§iaeB sbw asUilldianoqae-i leissei^ 

noU.tBoqx'3. seit&dBz'^ nil-^-ea ericT ija •^enoiaaimmoO astB^JS i)e:tlnU 

noJDnoJ 8.d:t +b y:t io.';rr.^;D -T.Bl.rrfat: & ai b"y-pp ?:-r ^niB^A .0881 ni 

lo acTidiriKo sxiT .tdiil al nolilBoq^'^i eeiiedai'a: iBnoicfBniecfnl 

«iEoqx9 ed..t :tB cmeajjM iBnoictsK brts noir^ui tiQnl (mlnosdi tmE Grid" 

-aluoJ ^LiBrtnioatO jsnjsPlfO wel'" ni Y-:»-rr,-,,. p_j-:i;t ni fclen anoJ::t 

oali3 onw ,Gi3oov) TocTooa Ycf I)sc^nea9tq&-t 9t9w,B;tnBl^A briB ©IlJrv 

-^Irfxg 9aert,:t lo eno iioB9 ia biBoS Snemn-ievod edi to -isdrasm b aBW 

.anolcf id 

noiJiaoqxH nBidmuIoO a'blioW sdi d^-tiw nolvtosnnoo nl 

-3"fq tawowoiqanoD YllBioeqa© bbw srf £681 ^nlf trb osBoiriO ni bl9ft 

bem-Tol iBrt+ noi:lB0illE3Blo 'to aBlg b aoi^ndMxB iadi -nol ynliBq 

"illo edi \d bsiqobB Yl:rn9up9adua ingme^nBTiB ericT "io aiaBd eri^ 

.acMdiiixo edi lo noicTBllB^fanl 9ric) lo'i bIbIo 



185 



Doctor Goode also served in connection with the Colum- 
bian Historical Exposition that was held in Madrid, Spain, dur- 
ing the winter months of 1892-1893, and after the death of Doc- 
tor James C. Welling, who was Commissioner-General, he acted in 
that capacity, preparing the official report to the Government. 

In connection with the exhibition at Atlanta, it is 
interesting to add that it was Doctor Goode who appreciated the 
ambition of the Daughters of the American Revolution in Georgia 
to secure a home, and promptly turning to his fellow members in 
the Sons of the American Revolution, of which he was a conspi** 
cuous officer, in Washington City, he obtained their aid in pre«- 
senting the Massachusetts Building, which was a copy cf the old 
Craigie House in Cambridge, once occupied by Washington as his 
headquarters, and later by Longfellow, and which, in consequence 
of his efforts, became the first Colonial Hall of the Daughters 
of the American Revolution in the United States. 

Doctor Goode* s services at these various expositions 
we^r« recognized by diplomas and medals, and from the Spanish 
Government for his services in Madrid he received the Order of 
Isabella the Catholic, with the grade of Commander. 

His bibliography was very extensive and included nurae«* 
rous contributions to scientific societies on various topics in 
connection with natural sciences, chiefly in the line of ichthy** 
ology. The most important of his larger publications were— 



J.Sl 



--rnirloO odi di tw rtoicf oertnoo' ni bevuea oalB eJboot) tod-ooCI 
-tub tfTJTisqS <f)iTl)&M ni blerf 3Bw :^Br(i noi^iaoqxS iBoiioctaiH nBid 
«ooa lo ri:rBef) 9r{:t ts^tls bn.G ^SG8I-Se8I 'to 2d;?noin "sszTniw edi ^ni 
nx Jb©;JoB ari <lBTsnsD-.i9noi28iOT3oO ajBw oriw jgnilleW .0 gemBb loJ- 
.jfneran-fevoO sd.^ oi iioqsi iBioillo J?ffl gnliBqeiq ,^;t:;0BqB0 isdS 

Bi ii ,Blf!Bl;tA t-S noiJ-ldirfxe edi dt tvr noiiosnnoo nl 

edi b3iBiDe-iqq£, cnv; ei:)OoO iojooCI «iiw ji d"Brf:? i:)bB Oj 'mliQe^isiiiL 

BiaiosC* ni ^oJ::^uIovsH nBOiiamA add "io siectrisi/BCI sii:^ 1o noJ:;tidniB 

nl a*iedKi8m v/ollo'i aiii oi ^airi-^.ui vl.tqmc'iq bnB , eraori b stwooa ot 

^'Xqanor b aB"-^ sri lioiriw lo ,iioi.-tJiiQy£)>;. nBOXTOniA snj Io snoS eiid' 

«9iq nl I^iB TiBrfi benxB^do erf ^xiiO no:tsnlri3BW nl^ Tsojc'i'io auouo 

bio eds Jo VTOD j3 as-ir -foLrlvr ^-riiMii/fi scf J-9ai;r^oBaaBjM eri:^ nniitnsa 

elii 3i> uOognifiaBW \:c awzq^ooo cono ,cgx;x^u!-. 

eoneypeenoo ni ,rioiriw bns ^voIlel^aoJ. xd i9i&l bns tateiiBupb&ed 

3tQid-^t:p~C. ?,r<,t "to J.r.oTI .rjiirtoXoO cfEti't sd^ sraaosd ,8:riot'ie aid Io 

• asojijc 1)30^ inU edi ai aoliiJlovsK naoLtemA sdi to 
snoillaoqxa 3JJol^BV 9a9fl:f :tB aeoivisa 3*61)00t) to^tooCE 

^0 TebiO srid- bsvlaosi s:I ^xtiiBM iix esoiY-faa ai.^ 'tol :tnertm-fevoO 
,T.9ibnBmrnoO Io sbBis 9ci:t rf^tlw »oiIorI:tBO sdi &lLe(S&8l 
-eraun bsbxrloni bnB evi^tisikQ V"sv r;s\7 Yr[qBi^,oi:Idxd alH 

ni BOLooi auoi-TBV no 39i.:J9xooa oxiirnsioa o:t a^o.l^twdiictnoo aifoi 

'-^rl:frf3l Io eiiil o.d:^ ni -^Ilsxdo ^asonsioa lBiJj;J.tn rfcMv/ nol:ro9nnoo 

e'Tew BnoliBOildua '■ie-^-i3S'. aid Io insi'-ioqmi: :taom 9rfT .Y30lo 



"The Natural and Economical History of the American Menhaden." 
(Washington, 1879). 

"American Fisheries' — A history of the Menhaden." 
(New York, 1880), 

"The Fisheries and Fishery Industry of the United States." 
(Washington, 1884) . 

"American Fishes. A popular treatise upon the Same and Food 
Pishes of North America-." (New York, 1888). 



**Game Fishes of the United States." 
(New York, 1879«ie8l) . 



"Oceanic Ichthyology." (Washington, 1895) • 



Doctor Goode was a prominent member of scientific and 
historical societies both in this country and abroad, chief among 
which were the Zoological Society of London and the National 
Academy of Sciences in the United States. To the latter of 
these he was elected in 1888. The honorary degrees of Ph. D. 
and LL.D. were conferred upon him, and in other v;ays testimo*- 
nials of the appreciation in which he was held by the community 
were conferred upon him. 

In this brief summary of the chief events of Doctor 
Ooode's life some faint idea may be gathered of the great work 
which he accomplished, reaching out, as it did, in many direc** 
tions and contributing so much to the welfare of his fellow mern. 
His loss is a serious one, and it will be hard to find one to 
adequately supply his place in the various enterprises which he 



. (eV8I,noJ;Mnii3BW) 
.(083It:iToY wsH) 

. ( 3881 , 3iToY YJftl' ) " . BO i'l sntA. li.tioM lo a srfs x'»I 






• (ae8I,iioJ--3i-iifia.BW) " •v;90iOYrI*-'i3l oinBfioO" 



SnomB leido ,i)BOidB bas ^iitnuoo airfd' ni ri-tocJ asiJ^slooa Iwoino^talrl 

iBHOictBJ^ Srio JHva nrinffoJ "^ :) VCt-etoOo iBOXJ^lOlOOX &d-i 919W dO f.(V7 

.a *ii'i lo aosi^sl) Y*^.s"Tonod siiT .0881 nh becTosIe aBw eri asedi 

-oraicfEe:? a-^^BW 19^:^0 '^x '^^ts fm.:!-*' "o-': ^ :■■."•'•••< ^'Inoo 8ie^'.r ♦Cr,,TJ hir^ 
Yctinuftrmioo silcl- ^^d bled aB"^/ sri rtoiiiw ni noiJ*iio9iqqB 9j1:J lo alBin 

•rjiri rtoqu bail 9 In 00 atew 

ji'tow LtBS'ia ©ii-'' lo .b9i9rj;;tBa ©d Y^ii £>Bbi ini^'l Braoa olii. a'abooi^ 

~09i.tb ^fiBffi ni ,bJ:l) li as ,uJJO anirfoBST ,berlaiIqfttOQ0.8 eri jioldw 

.ntJffi 'ffollsl siri lo sibIIo?.' '^-^•':'- ot .ioum oa ^mi tr.rrf.i:t.tnoo has anoii 

oj eno bni't oi biBd q6 LLlr; .ti; bas^ ,ono siioiiSE b ax aaoi alK 

eri iioiflw asaxi.qtacfns suoitBv edi nl 90Blq aid -z^qqua lilsctBupebB 



187 



so successfully carried on. 

This is not the place in which to dwell upon the sO" 
cial qualities of Doctor Goode, it is sufficient to say that no 
one knew him but to love him. 



ox 



•^03 e!ii noqis Ilowb oc; .ioidw ni eoslq erij 'on oi airiT 

♦ caxfi 9VoI. oj i>Jd rairi wsrn^ sno 



188 



IN ME MORIAM 

Robert Edward Earllo 
••—«-« oOo-*-- — 



Robert Edward Earll was born in Waukegan, Illinois, 
on August 24, 1853, and died at Chevy Chase, near Washington, 
on March 19, 1896, 

He was graduated at the Northwestern University, where 
in 1877 he received the degree of S.3,, and three years later 
that of S.M, 

Mr, Earll promptly entered the service of the United 
States Pish Coraraission, then under Professor Baird, as a fish 
culturist, and a year later was transferred to the scientific 
staff. Prom 1879 to 1882 he was engaged in the Fisheries Di- 
vision of the Tenth Census. 

In 1883 he was sent to the International Fisheries 
Exhibition held in London, where he rendered very efficient 
service as an executive officer and deputy representative. The 
ability which he showed in that connection led to his being des- 
ignated as chief executive officer for the exhibits of the 
Smithsonian Institution and United States National Museum for 
all the expositions that have since been held, including those 



MAIHOMIM HI 



^ Ilia's. Ji)iBWJi)3 iiedoH 



-oOo^ 



jEioniXII ^hb^qjIubW nl niod sbw LL^^ IrtBVfb'S. d"Tduori 
^noSsntdaBW iBsn ^e&sriO yvsdO ;tj3 beiJb hns tfiSei jt^S iJsifswA no 

,ae8I ,ei rfoiBM no 
eierlw ^y^ii stevlnlj meets ewfiJioF eri;^ ;?« beitBubBiji sbw »H 

isifBl aiBeY 98iri;f bnjs ,,fi.3 lo eei^ei) srii bevl&o&t eri VY8I nl 

.M.P- lo iBd:t 

bQiini' rKi.i v :j:j.L,-T&s ericT Ds-re^ne X-i^ctqmotq IIibIR.tM 

riail B 3B ^Is-Yisa 'xoasslo'i^ isiinu nerii ,nolaEJ:r;aaoO rfai'S a©:tB;t8 

oilicfnsios eilet od i)e"it9l8nBi;t sbw teiBl laex b ftns jd-alfuitli/o 

«.^^' 3©i-£6r{Bi'H; ent ■• ^ begBBne sbw e/1 ''>;8ei oJ ©TSi raoiT ♦'J1b;^8 

.3i;8n90 rf:tn9T 9ri^ lo noiaiv 

aelteriai'? lBnoi;tBnt9^nI eriit o:? ctnes aaw eri S88I nl 

.lasioills Y'X-^v i>9t9Jbn9T sri fiedw ,.nof)noJ iii hied noi^idirixS 

9f(T ♦evJt JB;tit98eiq9i x^i^q®^ bf^JS isoillo eviiuoexa hb 3B eoiviea 

-39f) 3ni9d Etd oi b&l noictoerrnoo i&di ni bswocie ed doldw \Si.lid& 

&dS lo soidi.rlxs adi tol teoillo evr" ■ ' lexrfo 3b bei&n^t 

lOl ffiiJ98uM iBHOi^BPT 8e:rB:t3 fceetinU bnB noi Ju jic^enl hbI no ari.^imB 

eEOfi;t 3fiif)uIoni ,i)I sri need aonis 9VBrf i&d& enoJ;;:txaoqxe ©ri;t lis 



189 



at Louisville, New Orleans, Cincinnati, Chicago and Atlanta, 
serving in this capacity chiefly under Dr, Goods, who recognized 
his fine administrative ability and regarded him as "one of the 
most efficient exposition experts living." 

Subsequent to his return from London he was Chief of 
the Division of Statistics in the Fish Commission, where he re- 
mained until 1888, when he became connected with the National 
Museum, holding the office of Curator and also serving as Editor 
of the Proceedings and Bulletins of the National Museum. 

Mr.Earll was highly regarded by his associates in the 
Pish Commission as a skillful fish culturist, and his unselfish 
devotion to his work as well as his absolute trustworthiness 
made him a man whose loss was severely felt by his associates 

in the National Museum and elsewhere. 

i e T ' 



M(<«Q«.^IF^ 



".anivil aJ'isqxe rroxitisoqxe ^frrsloxlle :t3om 
'to lairfo QB'^ sd noi)noJ motlt .rf"rrr:t3i sirf c:* t-,-, ,;;p9acf;;yg 

iBfioiJ^^H ericr rf^tiw bs^fosnnoo sniBOGcf erf nsriw ,8881 IJ:;tnw I)9rii3m 

•?o;Ji.ba 8B anlvtsa oalB fertB iocTbiuO ^o qoUJ.-, erl^ .-r-, r.-..-r ^mj.rasuM 

.myeauM iBnoiJBPf srfct lo snx.^BlIjjS fca/i a^^nibseooTi erfct lo 

ffsillssnu 3irf l)nB tJaiiuilrro rf-tl Iirli Ci:,rp ^ ;,« ---nsimraoD rfgi-? 

a89^-'.'-ow:ratn^ e:fyioaajs axn a^ How a^i ^i-iow axri oi aofJoyeb 

QBiBiooasB aid x^ He'i Ylsfsvos sb?/ asol saorfw nBra b raid ftJbBm 



*-^*Hi{j )Mir^- 



IN MEMORIA 



Renick Seymour Matthews. 
«oOo~ — ■■- — 



Renick Seymour Matthews was born near Clinton, Ind- 
iana, on January 4, 1872, and died in Atlanta, Georgia, on No- 
vember 14, 1895, 

He was educated at the Rose Polytechnic Institute in 
Terre Haute, where he took the course of mechanical and electri- 
cal engineering. 

According to his father^the passion of his life was 
the study of birds and before he was sixteen he made a large 
collection of birds eggs and nests." In doing this he systemat« 
ically made note of the habits of birds, the construction of 
their nests, etc., with the intention of writing a history of 
the birds frequenting that part of Indiana near his home. 

His devotion to natural history brought him into cor- 
respondence with the officials of the National Museum, and an 
appointment as assistant to the Curator of Mammals soon followed 

He was chosen to accompany the exhibits of the Nation- 
al Museum to the exposition at Atlanta, and while there con- 
tracted the disease which resulted in his early death. 



n u 4* ta M 



«oI^ no <3Jt3"X09{) ,B:rnsX^A ai feat!) fonjs ,ST8I ,> ^^'usunBT rro <Brf/=t 

ai s^Uvtioani oindoe^^lo*! 930H 9rf:t ia bQi&ouhQ aBW dri 
-i-icro9l9 buB iBoinarioem lo 9aTuoo srf^t 3ioo;t arl e'lsriw j«>?f.f.«»H ©TTeT 

QBW etil 8ir{ lo noiaasq 9riJ"-T©rfo B^i aiil 0* s^ib^oooA 

9^iBl B 9l).8ni erf ns&ixiz aBvy 9r< efo'isd brtB abticf "io vhir.-tr. ftfi.t 

«-;f3me:rc- • ■ -^ ^nioh r:i ",- ^^^^ •abiicJ ■ :.;:...j.oo 

lo noiJ yjj'i;Jaiioo ed;J ,2i)iid lo aJidBri 9r{.+ lo 9^on ebBm xllBoi 

lo Yto^Bifi B awi^i'iw "5^0 aolcfna-tni Br<,t fi,+ f:w ^.o^e ja*s9n iledit 

.emori a.tfi naen BriBiI>'-.' ,,..:, fl •abtid 9ri;J 

-too Ovtnj: niir{ d-rfajjoTCf vTo:tairi ln'tJiBn oj noiJ-ovei; axH 

HB f)nB jinijeauM lBnoi:t8T^ ^^d.l lo RiBioillo 9rld" Hft iw 3on9i)noq89"i 
bsffoLloJ r-'-a al^osnBM -'^ ;^-'^ 'v^ -^ • v^- '• ■ c ., .^ J-nsniJnioqqB 

"noi^BH vd^ lo sildirCxo Sii.? xiiiiqaM)'JO& oj aoROrio 3BW 9H 

-noo Qisd^i sliiiw f)nQ jB^fn^ItA .t« <^or +r aoqxf* erT.^'o:t ra;jesJiM la 
,r{:t69f) x^"^ '•■"' ■■■" hwc'OB'j;? 



191 



Mr. Matthews* character commanded the esteem and re- 
gard of his associates, and in his death a promising career v/as 
untimely cut short. 



.-.0— 



-t-j". ;jiiB masses u.:ij r-ojjnBranioo 'i8:tOBiB.ao ' swDrfctcTBM.tM 



•-0 



192 



REPORT OF THE REPRESENTATIVE 

of the 

U.S. Commission of Fish and Fisheries. 
oOo— -"-« 

Under the act of Congress approved August 18,1894, 
providing for the participation of the Executive Departments, 
the Smithsonian Institution, the National Museum, and the 
Fish Commission in the Cotton States and International Exposi- 
tion £t Atlanta, Georgia, for the purpose of illustrating the 
functions of the several Departments and Bureaus, the CommiS'- 
sioner designated Dr. Tarleton H. Bean, Assistant in Charge of 
the Division of Fish Culture, as the Representative of the 
Commission on the Board of Management. Upon the resignation 
of Dr. Bean May 23rd, 1895, to accept the position of super** 
intendent of the Aquarium at Castle Garden, New York, W. de C. 
Ravenel was designated as his successor. 

PLAN AND SCOPE OF THE EXHIBIT. 

The plan of the exhibit as laid put by the Represen- 
tative and approved by the Commissioner was as follows: 

(l). The scientific investigation of the Commission, to 
be illustrated by models of the vessels employed, with full 
sized forms of the apparatus used; by charts illustrating the 



o. 



5IVITATFfa33H<iaH SHT 10 TflOqaH 

• 39l^sri8H bna riail to aolaaJtminoO .8.U 
«^-.^„oOo 

,^^681, 81 ^auQifA hevoiqqa aaeisnoO ^o cfoa 9ri;t isbnU 

^ain^mitsqea 9vi:tuo9xS edi to aoti&qholiiBq edi lol 3nii)i70tq 

edi bn& ,mii93uM iBnolcfBM adi ^noiiisi lisrl aBtno&diimB edi 

-iaoqxa lijnolJBme^nl bns ssisiB noiioO edi nl nolaalraraoO dat% 

edi sn i ;t J3t ;t a ifl II lo 9aoq-iJ/q edi toI ,j3isT09B ,i3;tn:Bl^A is noli 

-BlmraoO Qd3 ,airj39iua bns ainsmitaqed lBt9v&a edi to artotionut 

o saiBdO nt inaialaaJi ,nBea .H no^alfsT .iG 59:fBnale9i) tenola 

edi lo Gvi;tB^n9a9iq©fl erfcf sb < 9iJj;tIi/0 riall lo noiaiviCI edi 

nol:iBn^i.a6i edi noqU .:tn9n93BnflM ^o biBoS edi no noiaaimmoO 

-•X9gu3 to nol^tiaoq eri:t .tqgooB oi ,^981 ,bt5S ybM nsea •id to 

.0 91) .W ,:('xoY wsH ^^eb1ai) bUbbO ia muiiBupA Qdi lo tnef)n9;tnl 

.foaaeoojjs aid as baiBci'ilaeb bbw lengvBH 

.TiaiHxa aHT "50 a^iooa qfa iiAjq 

-ngaeiqsH edit vd :fu<? bissl aa il.iidxe edi "io nslq edT 

: awollol aB aBW ignoiaairaraoO edi -^d bavoiqqB baa evi^B^t 
oi ,noiaalmmoO edi lo noiJB3J:;ta9vnJ: oilx;tnelo8 9rfT •(!) 
lltst ditvr ,66^oIqra9 algaaev edi lo algbora -^d beiaiiaulli ed 
edi ■^^nliatiaulLl aiiado ^d ;beau atj;tBiBqqB edi lo araiol Jb9sJta 



193 



results obtained, and publications covering the different in- 
vestigations; by casts of fish colored from life; collections 
of sponges, corals, oysters and other shell fish, crabs, lob- 
sters, sea lilies, sea pens, and various other material ob- 
tained by dredging and trawling apparatus. 

(8). The fish culttkral operations, to be shown by models 
and photographs of hatching stations; models and full size 
specimens of apparatus used in the collection, transportation 
a nid., ha Inching of eggs; apparatus used in the transportation of 
fish; charts showing a summary of work done since the organi- 
zation of the Commission; results obtained with reference to 
special, fisheries, and results at the different stations of 
the Commission during the fiscal year 1894-95; also by the 
practical hatching of eggs of the salmon, white-fish and 
trouts. 

(S). Methods and statistics of the fisheries, to be il- 
lustrated by models of vessels and boats used iti the fisheries 
of the United States with special reference to the South At- 
lantic and Grulf regions; models and full size specimens of 
seines, gill nets, pound nets, lines, trawls, spears and acces- 
sories; charts showing the extent and value of the fishing 
industry, besides illustrations of the various fisheries by 
means of photographs, oil paintings, etchings, etc. 

(4). An aquarium for showing the economic food and game 
fishes of the South Atlantic and Gulf States, and the fishes 
reared by the U.S. Fish Commission at its various stations, 



-nx :}neiBl'irD edi sniievoo arsoUBOiLduq dub ,benla:^do siluQ&t 

8flolcto9lloo ;9lxl raotl Jbsioloo riail lo a^taao xd lanoUa^liasv 

-dol ,3di3io ,rfall llsAz ta<i:iQ Mb sts^faYO ,aljsioo ^asanoqa lo 

-do lBii9;tBra isii^o buoIibv wtb .aneq jsea ,a9ilil B93 ,ai9;ra 

• aucTBiBqqB aniIWBi:r £jnB .^ni3l)9ii) yjS bsnljii 
alsbom xd rrworfa 9d o:^ .anotSsieqo iBtisiluo dsn e/fT .(a) 

9sia Llul baa p^Iebom lanolisis ^atiioi&d lo arfqaiaocforfq bna 

notiBi^oqaaB-ii .noHoelloo edi ai beau aui&iBqqs lo ansraloeqa 

to noi^B^tioqanBicT edi ni i)9ajj aisisiBqqs ;aaae lo aiiJ:iio;tBj:i bnja 

-inBgio sdJ 9onla snoi) 2I-10W lo ^iBmcuja b aalworfa 3;t^Brfo ;dan 

oi 9on9^9l9^ ri^tiw i)9nlB:rdo ailwaei jnoiaaltamoO 9r{;j lo noi.tB2 

lo anol.-Bita cfn9i9llif) erf^ ;fB 8;fIU39'T bns .zeitedan iBiogqa 

9rf^ Xd oalB ; 56^:^681 •IB9^i iBoail edi -^aiiisb aotaattmoO ad:t 

bns rfai^-9^xrfw .nornlsa adi to 3339 ^0 :^aldoiBd LaoUoBiq 

v. ,.. •aiuoti 

--11 ad oi ,aaliedan sd^ !to 3oxcraicrB;ta bas abodieU .{g) 
aatiBdall edi ^t bsatj aiaod baa al&aaav Jo alabom ^d ba-^Btiaul 
^M dcfuoa 8ri.t o;t so^e^8le1 iBlosqa di Iw zaiBiB bailrjll 9rf.t tp 
I0 anamioeqa gsia lun Mb al9i>oin ;anoi39i tlisi) Dhb oxcThbI 
-3900B i)nB aiB9q3 ^alwBii ,39nil ,3l9n i)nuoq ,3cf8n Ilt^ .aealaa 
anirfail 9ri;t lo 9jjIbv i)nB ;rn9;fx9 Oiii ^alMioda a>tfBffo ;a9i-Yoa 
Xcf 33li9ff3J:l auoiiBv 9r[:t lo anoxcT hi .t a ulll 39iDla9d ,T2icf3ui)nJ: 
.o:f9 ,3snlrfD:f9 ,asn.tlniBq. lio , 8rj:qB^so^Offq Jo ariBsm 
omBa Mb bool: otaondoe adi sa.tworfs lol mr.rliBJjpB nA .(^) 
aerfail 9il:t Mb ^aeisii?. Jlui) Mb oxJ-hbI^A rfcfxioe adi Jo a9riall 
faaoliBi'd auoiiBv ait cfB rtolaairainoO rlaxf.S.U srit ^d b9^BfiT 



194 



including some of the ornamental fishes and other marine life 
of the Gulf of Mexico. 

PREPARATION OP THE EXHIBIT. 

As soon as practicable after the formal organization 
of the Board and allotment of funds and space had been made, 
steps were taken to prepare the plans for the Aquarium, which 
was the most difficult and expensive part of the Exhibit. Mr. 
H.Von Bayer, the architect of the Commission, was detailed to 
assist the Representative, but owing to pressure of other du«- 
ties he was unable to give his time to the work, and it became 
necessary to employ L. F. Graether as architect. He, with the 
assistance of Mr. Von Bayer, prepared the plans, which were 
approved May 1, 1895. In April the work of collecting, pre** 
paring and packing the material for the exhibit was begun, and 
a building was rented as a temporary workshop and storehouse. 
Mr. F. P. Sauerhoff, fish culturist, was detailed to take 
charge of the preparation of fish cultural material and the 
packing of the exhibit, and by the end of July most of it had 
been prepared and shipped to Atlanta. The material for illus- 
trating the scientific investigations of the Commission was 
designated by Mr. Richard Rathbun, Assistant in Charge of the 
Division of Scientific Inquiry, and prepared for exhibit by 
Mr. Jas. E. Benedict. Dr. H. M. Smith, Assistant in Charge of 
the Division of Statistics and Methods of the Fisheries, as* 
sisted by Mr. W. H. Abbott, designated and prepared the mate- 



9!til enlfSKi ied:fo brtB Bsrfall iB^nscjBnio sdi Jo snioa anibwlonl 

• ooixsM to Ili/O 9rf^ to 

.TiaiHXa 3HT "^O MOITAHA<iaH^ 

nolctBsinjB3io Xsanol spIcT le^tB sIcfaolcToa-iq as nooa aA 

,ef)Bm ae&d bad eoBqa bns abni'l to tnsractollfl bns btBO& erlJ to 
rioiriw ^si'jitBupX Qdi lot analq ©r{:t BtaqQ-tq oi nesiB) eteir sqaia 
.nM .^J-idiffxa srfc^ to .t^Bq svianeqxo bnB ;tIi/oittlf) Jsora 9ri:t sbw 
o^ i)9li:B^ab saw ,noiaaj:m>iioO adi to -;^t».i irfoiB 9d:t ,*ie-^Ba noV.H 
-irb -ia/l^o to 9iuaa9iq oi ^aivo iisd t evU Bins QQiqefi edi Jaiaaa 
9mB09d d-J: bno jSC^ow Qdi oi Bmli etd svl.3 oi slcfanu aaw 9r( asij" 
edi dJ-lw ^sH ..-tosi^xrioiB eij isdcTdBiO .'i .J '^olqale o:t ■^^.'3a 3 ao an 
919W lioxrfw ,anBlq e/W b9^Bq^1q ,-19^35 noV •iM to aonsialaaa 
••9iq ,anicf09XIoo to 3i-fO\7 9ri:f li'iqA ry.l .aSSI ,1 -^^bM bovoiqqB 
bas ,n0S9d 8bw :Mcf iilxa srf:t lot iBJtie^Bn »r{j anljfoBq brcB ani-fBq 
• sauorieio^a has qoris:^iow YTBioqrn9:J b 3b bsJnet saw gnlbllud b 
9>{£;t 0;} b9liB:f8& aaw , j3i-itj;tIUD dalt ,ttod*roi/BS .1: .V .iM 
erf:^ bnB IsiTsJBca XbisjiJIuo riail to ^ol:tJ3'IBqs^q eiio to sgiBrfo 
bad :ti to ;taora yXw"^ 'io bn© erl^ y^ bna ,;fldidx9 edi to gnxJioaq 
■^Biilll tot iBlTe^fsm 9nT .BinallA oi baqqirta hriB baiaqsiq n99d 
aaw nolaaimraoO sdi to anoi::fs3l*a9vnJ: oltlcTnexoa Bdi a«-t^si^ 
9di to aaiariO nl InsctaiaaA jnudrfj'Bfl b*£BrfolH .iM ^ff b9*Bn§la9b 
^d ^idl/fxe lot be-xaqetq bitfl ,\;iiupnl oit.t:fn9lo8 to nolalrlCI 
to 9ST[Bc{0 ni insiatBBk ^ditaB .M .H .iC! .vtolbenaS .3 .aaT, .iM 
*LB ^aaxiarlax? srii to aborf:f9M bns aotiBiiBi?. to aolalvlCT ad^ 
-e;tB£fl ad;^ b9^Bq9^q bna ba^anaiaab ,;t:toddA .H .W .iM ^d ba^taia 



195 



rial illustrating the methods and statistics of the fisheries. 

INSTALLATION. 

Messrs. W. P. Sauerhoff and John L.Leary left 
Washington for Atlanta on August 11 for the purpose of unpack- 
ing the material and placing the cases in position. On Septem- 
ber 1 the Representative arrived and commenced the installation, 
with the assistance of W. H. Abbott, to whose ingenuity and 
skill in exposition work much of the success attained is due. 
The total space allotted to the Commission was 8000 square feet 
in the southwest corner of the Government building. Two-thirds 
of this was occupied by the Aquarium and the balance by fish 
cultural apparatus and material illustrating scientific inves*. 
tigation and methods of the fisheries, as shown by accompanying 
floor plan. It was not deemed necessary to prepare a complete 
descriptive catalogue of the material exhibited, as it is 
described in the various publications of the Commission, but 
the plan and scope of the several sections are shown by the 
following synopsis: 



.H0ITAJJAT8HI 

-I'loBqni; lo saoq-ijrq sri^t 10^ II JsuguA no siaalSA -rol no;f§nifiaBW 

•^*i9;Jq98 nO .noi.-tiaoq ni asaBO erCct gnioBlq bn& IslisiBcn edi -^ni 

,floi;f^IIii:t3nI encf fosoneiHraoo IinB bevi'f-is 9viJs;tn93eTq9H edJ I *i:f3d 

i)ixs ^J^iwnssnJfc saoriw oj^ ,d':?oddA .H .W xo ^onaistaaa edi licfiw 

• eui) ai bentsi^B aasoojja &:iJ !to rioum itiow noMiaoqxe ni Iliia 

;t8«1: sij5up« 0008 aBW noiaainimoO enfJ' o;t beJ^toIlB aoisqa I.i;tOvt eilT 

airtir{;t''OwT .gnlMJtuo' ctnoinnicovoO sili lo la.noo Jaovrd^ uoa exi;? nl 

ria.!:l ^a ©onjBlscf 9rf:t bnB mi:UTi3?:pA edi x^ bQJLqnooo aBW «i:i^ lo 

-•a-ayni t^i: ILineioa j^ni^Bi^ajJlIL j..-in9;tB2i bnB as;;jBi.sqqB lJi!j;tIyo 

anl-^nsqmoooB T^d nworfa 3b ^aeiTsriail sriJ lo ^bodiem bn& noi^Bgli 

9;tsIqffloo B eisqaiq oi ^ci&szeosa bsmQeb .ton aBw il .iiBlq 100II 

31 il 3J3 ,i)9^id'ir{xe I^i-^ac^iJin erfi to suaolB^fso evi.:^qiT:o8 9b 

;tud <aoJ:aai:rnraoO aril Iq anoii^BOildjjq quo ii&Y sdi at bediioadb 

Qdi ^Jd nworis ©^B anoi;tDea lBi9vea 9rf;t ^0 eqooa buB HBlq Qdi 

laxoi^iiXa ^niwollol 



196 



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197 



SYNOPSIS OF THE EXHIBIT OF THE U.S. FISH COmaSSION. 
Scientific Inquiry Section. 

1. Laboratories for marine exploration. 

Illustrations of zoological stations. 
^•^^ 1. Laboratory at Woods Hole, Mass., 1875. 
2. Laboratory at Woods Hole, Mass. 

2. Exploring vessels. 

Models: 

1. Steamer "Albatross." 

2. Steamer "Fish Hawk." 

3. Schooner "Grampus." 
Illustrations: 

1. Steamer "Albatross" 

2. Steamer "Fish Hawk" 

3. Schooner "Grampus" 

3. Collecting apparatus. 

Nets: 

1* Seines. 

2. Beam trawls. 

3. Towing nets. 
Dredges: 

^ 1. Naturalists* deep sea dredge. 

2. Naturalists* boat dredge. 

3. Chester rake dredge. 

4. Oyster dredge. 



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198 



Tangles. 

4. Accessories for dredging and trawling. 

Dredge rope : 

1. Steel wire dredge rope. 
Splices in dredge rope. 
Weights for beam trawl. 

5. Apparatus for assorting collection. 

Sieves: 

1. Table sieves. 

2. Hand sieves. 

6. Apparatus for preserving collections. 

Tanks, jars, etc. 

7. Apparatus for deep sea sounding. 

Sounding machine: 

1. Tanner sounding machine. 

2. Tanner intermediate towing net. 

8. Apparatus for physical observations. 

Thermometers : 

1. Deck thermometer. 

2. Prof. Eaird*s protected thermometer. 

3. Miller-Case 11a deep sea thermometer. 

4. Negretti & Zambra thermometer. 
Thermometer cases and accessories. 

1. Wooden cases. 

2. Brass cases. 
Salinometers: 



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• iQismom'^edi BidrasS :£ i^:t9ia9tf ,1^ 

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1. Hilgard salinometer. 
9. Results of explorations. 
Charts. 
Collections: 

1. Marine animals in alcohol. 

a. Deep sea animals; Crinoids, corals, 
crabs, sea pens, starfish, sea 
urchin* etc. 

b. Surface animals: Entomostraca, etc., 

etc., forming food of fish. 

c. Shallow water animals: Mollusks, 

crustaceans, etc. 

2. Marine animals dry: 

a. Foraminifera. 

b. Sponges. 

c. Corals. 

d. Mollusks, etc. 

Division of Pish Culture. 

10» Transportation apparatus. 

Apparatus for collecting and carrying eggs: 

Models and specimens; Wroten bucket i»- 

proved. Collins* can. McDonald crate. 

Atkins* egg box. Clark* s egg case. Clark's 

whitefish crate. Clark* foreign egg case. 

Mather transportation can. Trout boxes used 
in 1872. 



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.SV8I ni 



200 



11« Apparatus for transporting fry. 

Models and full«*'Sized apparatus. 

a. Models: Car No.l. 

b. Specimens: Stone's transportation can* 
Automatic transportation can. McDonald 
trout can. Carp traaaiportation pail. Carp 

!♦ transportation kettle. Wood bound can, full 
size. Messenger's complete outfit. Buck- 
sport transportation can. Ferguson's 
transportation can. Pish Commission trans- 
portation can. Stranahan's transportation 
keg. Box for native food fishes. 

c. accessories: Siphon strainer. Siphon tube, 
bag and cage. Dip nets of various sizes. 
Water bucket. 

12. Hatching apparatus. 

Models and specimens: 

a. For floating eggs: Chester cod box. 
McDonald cod box. McDonald hatching bucket. 
Ferguson's submerged bucket. 

b. For semi-buoyant eggs: Wroten's bucket. 
Green's shad box. Erackett's shad box. 
Ferguson's submerged bucket. Bell-Mather 
shad cone. Models of cones and buckets. 
Chase's whitefish jar. McDonald jar, old 

style. McDonald universal hatching jar. 
Clark's jar. 



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201 



c For heavy eggs: Garlick's hatching box. 
Stone's charred trough. Cost's hatching 
grills. Stone's salmon basket. Bucksport 
hatching trough. Holton's hatching box. 
Clark's hatching trough. Mather's hatching 
trays. Atkins' hatching crate* 

d. Working models: 

1. Whitefish table, 8 ft. long, 3 ft. wide, 
and 3 ft. high, fitted with 12 McDonald 
hatching jars, for hatching whitefish 
eggs. 

2. Two hatching troughs 8 ft. long, 12 
inches wide and 8 inches deep, equipped 
for hatching quinnat salmon and lake 
trout eggs. 

e. Accessories: Spawning pans. Spawning 
buckets. Page's egg scale. Egg funnels for 
whitefish and shad. Series of nets from 
Central Station, Washington, D.C. Series of 
nets from Northville Station, Michigan. Ser- 
ies of nets from Battery Station, Maryland. 
Nippers, brass and wood. Dippers. Strainer 
dippers. Hume's spawning box. Pan for wash- 
ing eggs. Salmon dip net. Tray for washing 
eggs. Siphon bags. Siphon cages. Siphon 
tubes. Aquaria. 



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aBW lo'l n^'s .xocf gnlnwaqa a'smwH •aieqqli) 

noriqi3 .Rii^aBo ncriqIH .ssiid norfqia .sage 







202 



13. Hatching and rearing establishments. 

Models of hatching establishments, 

a. Hatching houses, Put in Bay, Ohio, and Lead«- 

ville, Colorado, Havre de Grace, Md« 

b. Floating hatchery, Hatching barge. 
Illustrations of hatching stations showing buildings, 

exterior and interior, methods employed in col** 
lecting, hatching, rearing and distributing 
fish, fry and eggs. 

a. Green Lake; Grand Lake Stream; Bucksport 
and Craig Brook, Maine; Gloucester cod sta-*- 
tion and Woods Hole, Mass., Central Station 
and Pish Commission fish ponds, Washington, 
D.C.; Battery Station, Havre de Grace, Md. ; 
Bryan Point shad station, Md. ; Wytheville 
Station, Va. ; Duluth Station, Minn.; Alpena 
and Northville Stations, Michigan; Put in 
Bay Station, Ohio; Quincy Station, Illinois; 
Neosho Station, Missouri; Leadville Station, 
Colorado; Port Gaston, McCloud and Baird 
Stations, California; Clackamas Station, Ore. 

b. Floating stations: Hatching barge; Steamer 
Pish Hawk. 

14. Methods and results of fish culture. 

Models: 

a. Lay figure illustrating method of taking 
salmon eggs. 



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203 



Charts. 

a. Giving names and locations of stations and 
output of each for the fiscal year 1894«'95. 

b. Showing work of the Commission from 1872 to 
1892. 

c. Showing the effect of fish culture on the 
shad fishery. 

Painted casts of fishes reared by the Fish Conanission. 
a» Brook trout 1, 2, 3 and 4 years old; von 
Behr trout 1, 2, 3 and 5 years old; Loch Leven 
trout 1, 2, 3 and 6 years old; lake trout 1 
and 2 years old; landlocked salmon 1 year old; 
rainbow trout 1 and 4 years old. Whitefish 
5 years old. Carp, tench, goldfish, black 
bass, etc. 

Fisheries Section. 

15. Objects of the fisheries. 
Mammals : 

1. Sirenians. 
Manatee (cast) 

2. Cetaceans, 
a. Dolphins: 

Blackfish (Cast) Head. 

Grampus (Cast) Head. 

Harbor porpoise (casts) Young. 



i 



OS 



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204 



b. Sperm whales. 

Sperm whale (models) 
3. Carnivores : 

a* Earless seals. 

Harbor seal, (mounted group) 
b. Eared seals. 

Northern fur seal (mounted group) 
Steller's sea lion (mounted group^. 
Batrachians : 
1. Frogs: 

Bull frog (cast) 
Green frog (cast) 
Pickerel frog (cast). 
Fish: 

Casts of 150 species of marine and fresh water 

food fishes. 
Drawings of and notes on the important fishes 

of the Southern States. 
Living marine and fresh water fish in Aquarium* 
Invertebrates: 

Living sea anemones, star fish, crabs, lobsters, 
mollusks, algae, etc., etc., in Aquarium. 
16. Fishery apparatus. 
Vessels: 

1. Series of models shov/ing the development 

of fishing vessels from settlement of America 
to the present time. 



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205 



2* Models of vessels used in the important 
fisheries of the South Atlantic and Gulf 
States. 
3. Pictures of vessels. 
Boats: 
y- Models of types used in important commercial 

fisheries. ,: ^ 
Canoes: 

Skin kyak from Alaska used in capture of seals, 
sea lions, etc. 
Nets: 

1. Pounds. 
?,. Weirs. ^ 

3. Pots. 

4. Seines. 

5. Cast-nets. 

6. Dip-nets. 

7. Trawls. 

8. Dredges. 
Lines: 

1. Trawl lines. 

2. Hand lines. 

Accessories: Disgorgers, hook extractors, etc., etc. 
Appliances for seizing: 

1. Rakes for oysters and clams. 

2. Tongs. 

3. Hooks for sponge. 

4. Mackerel and squid jigs. 



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206 



Accessories: Water glass used in sponge fishery. 
Appliances for striking: 
1. Spears. 

17. Illustrations of Fisheries. 

Fishermen. 

Fishermen's dwellings. 
Fishing towns. 
Special fisheries: 

1. Mammals. 

2. Reptiles. 

3. Fishes. 

4. Mollusks. 

5. Crustaceans. 

6. Sponges. 

18. Statistics of Fisheries of the United States. 

CdHSTRUGTION OF AQUARIUM, 

Proposals for the construction of the Aquarium were 
solicited hy advertising in newspapers published in Washington, 
New York, Atlanta and Savannah, but when the bids were opened 
on May 15, they were found to be too high, and were all rejected. 
This was due chiefly to the fact that the class of work required 
was unusual and not understood by the firms making the bids. 
As the time was getting short and there was no reasonable hope 
of getting satisfactory bids by further advertisement, contracts 
were made with the following parties for the construction of 



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207. 



certain portions of the Aquarium: Peters and Pahl of Wash- 
ington, D.C., for the construction of the wood, mason and iron 
work; Koppe Brothers and Steinichen of Atlanta, for the stucco 
work and figures; 0. Pause of Atlanta, for the painting and 
decoration of grotto. All of the work was to be done under the 
direction of L. F. Qraether, and in accordance with accompany- 
ing plans and specifications. The contracts provided for the 
completion of the work by August 10, 1895, but owing to delay 
in completing the Government building and the difficulty ex«- 
perienced by the contractors in obtaining proper material in 
the vicinity of Atlanta, they were unable to finish it in the 
time specified, and it was necessary to extend their contracts. 
Mr* Oraether continued to supervise the work until August 23, 
when he resigned and was succeeded by Mr, Von Bayer, who re** 
mained in charge until its completion. The machinery and 
piping for circulating the salt water and air and for filtering 
the fresh water was put in under the direction of I. S. K, 
Reeves, P. A, Engineer, U.S.N., who arrived in Atlanta August 
4th, 1895, and remained until that portion of the plant was 
completed. Mr. L. G. Harron, superintendent of the Aquarium 
at Central Station, having been detailed by the Commissioner to 
assist in connection with the exhibit, was ordered to Atlanta 
on August 6 to assume the superintendency of the Aquarium, and 
to arrange for the interior decoration of the tanks and the 
preliminary installation of salt water, plants, etc. Notwith- 
standing the numerous delays and difficulties encountered in the 



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no-/i I)ni5 xToa^ffi ||}007/ erlS lo noi:rou*i^ancD edj lol ,.0.a ,noct§ni 
ooojjc^a 9rf:t toI ^BiriBli-il lo neiioinie^S Mb aTori^toiS eqqo}l j^Iiow 

9x1:^ iel)niJ snoi) 3d oi aaw 3{now 9ri:r lo IIA .oi^toig lo no. U bio o si) 

-^HBqmooojs rictiw sonBi)ioooB iii bnB ttedieai^ .'*! .J lo nollosiifi 

edi -ioJ. bsbivofq BioBtinoo ©liT .anoitBoilioeqe bsiB aiiBlq j^tii 

^Bl9l) oi aniwo cTuci ,5681 ,01 ^Eir^uA ^cf 3tiow ed^ lo noijtslqmoo 

"-xe Y^I^oillil) ©ri;t bnjs ^nibllud ^namaiQYO^ adi ani;J9lqmoo nl 

ax lBii9;fj3ff! isqoiq ^^iniB^do ni at.o:tOBt;tnoo srlit Y^ foeonsiieq 

srij- ni it rfainll o;t eldsnu stsw Y^^d- ,BcJn£lctA lo y;^'if^-^J>-tv edi 

.ziostinGo *rlBdi baeixe oi ^iBassosn ajesw ji Mb ,l>9llioeq3 smii 

,fiS jtsusifA licTnu sCiow edi eax^nequa cd- bsunidfioo "^erUsBiO .iM 

••ei orlw ^-tsybS noV .•teM y<^ i)9l)89oou8 a£w l)nB benaiaet &d nsriw 

Z)«B Y'^snlrfoBOJ srfT •noiislqmoo £;ti liinu egijixio nl Jbsnljsai 

aniiscflil *iol i)nB tIb Jbns le^BW ;tlB8 sricf SrixcfBluonio lol g^iiqiq 

.>! ,8 .1 lo noiitoQiib edi T&bmj nl. tijq bjsv ia;tBw dasil erTJ- 

ctajj^wA BinBl^tA xti i^svi-siB odw ,»M.8.U tiserii^nlF .A «•{ ,39ve6H 

8BW iHBlq 9x1.1 lo notiioq dndi Tiirx^, LeniBffiS'..; ^xU^ ^^^,^81 ,ii^l^ 

muiisixpA sricT lo inebneiaiieque tnoiiBH .€ .J .i^! .i)9:t9lqmco 

oi lenoiaaimmoO 9fl;t xd bQlt&ieb need ■%ntYBd ^tioliB^B iBiinsO is 

B^-tiiBliA oi betebio 2bw ^iididKB Qdi diiw noiioennoo nl ctaiesB 

hriB ,mjJX'fj8irpA erf-t lo x^nebneini'^&qisa edi em^jaas o;^ 5 lawsuA no 

eric^ bfi& E^fiBi Bdi lo nol.:^B'rooQb folteiai: edi lol esn&iiA oi 

'mdiiwioM ,0^^ fBinslq t"^- >' -""-^s ^^ nol^BllBisni y,*iBnlmlL&iq 

©ricT nl l)eie;^njJOon9 89i;tIyoillxr> jdhb 8xsl0i> auotsmrrn eri^t anifcnBits 



208 



construction of the Aquarium, it was complete and thoroughly 
stocked with salt and fresh water fishes and other animals by- 
September 18, when the Exposition was opened. 

The space occupied by the Aquarium was L shaped, 28 
ft» wide and 150 ft. long. Arched grottoes were constructed 
the whole length, and a rotunda with a dome connected the two 
arms of the L. Twenty-oight aquaria were placed in this grotto^ 
14 for salt and 14 for fresh water fish, the sizes being as 
follows: two 14* long, 3' high and 5* across the top; fourteen 
7» X 3» X 5», and twelve 5» X 3« X 5» . The main wall of the 
Exposition building formed one side of the grotto construction, 
and the exterior of the other consisted of a handsomely panelled 
wood partition, separatiiig the grotto from the general Exposi* 
tion hall. All light entering the grottoes had to pass through 
the aquaria tanks except what little entered through the open 
end doorways. The main passage in the grotto was 12 ft. wide, 
and between the rear of the aquaria and the exterior of the 
grotto was a passage way for the use of the attendants to the 
aquaria. The faces of the tanks were of polished French plate 
glass 3X7 ft. and 1 inch thick, and they were decorated on 
the inside with white sand, rocks and aquatic plants. The ex- 
terior partition facing the general exposition hall was arrang** 
ed so that it could be used as a picture gallery. Its archi- 
tecture was of the early renaissance style, constructed as a 
pilaster treatment, and finished at the top throughout its en*» 
tire length with a delicately conceived entablature, bearing a 
series of urns. The frieze of this entablature was divided by 



^Ldsuoiodi bn& sialqmoo asw it ^misiiBupA edi Jo noJ::tojji + anoo 
-^cf Blmiina -^.edio Lms serTail tei&yft rieetl bns ilsa diiyt beiloois 

• bQaeqo 3BW noi^tiaoqxa ed:f neriw ,81 ledrae^qeB 
8S ,i)9qBji3 J asw rauiiBupA sd^ \id fceiquooo soBqa eriT 

f)9:fom;t3noo sis- soo.lJoig ^srioiA .anol .ct^ 051 bn^ ©jbiw ,cfl 
owit 9xi;t i)©cfo8nnoo emob a di lit Bbauioi & bn& ^di^^nel ©loriw edi 
t,oiioi:^ &tdi nl beoslq eisw sl-iBupB ^risio*«Y^newT .J 9rl;t ^o amiB 
as sniecf assia erfct trfail ledsv daail tc'1 i^I bnjs Hbq lol i-I 
neeitiiol ;qoct edi aaotos «c bnB rfairi »e ,anoI »M ow^ lawoliol 
3di to Ilisw nism eriT .«a X «£ X «S evlswcf bnjB , 'a X «£ X »V 
,noicfojfid'anoo oJJois edi lo oLio sno bsm-)[o'i ^nlbliud noiJiaoqxa 
belLen&q ^LsmoBbn&d js ^o bsiQtznoo tedio Qdi !to ToliecTx© 9ri;r bnB 
•laoqxS iB-rsnss edi moil ocTcTo-ia 9ii:f aiijx>;tfiiaq9a jnolcMctiBq Jooow 
risuo-jdit asBq oi b£,d zeoiioi^ adi ^niisctns :t(fsil IIA .Ilari flo.U 
neqo eri^ d^uoidi beisine eiiiii itsriw .Tqeoxs aiiriBi bIibupb edi 
,ef)iw .cM SI 2SW otiot^ edi nl egBaaBq ntsm erCT .SYBWiooi) Lne 
9rf^ lo ioJ:t9<-tx9 9r{.:? /jfiii iiiiiJjjpB en:t 'lo -ib9t: QrfJ nee'wi&d baB 
Qdi oi QinBbneiiB edi lo eau edi io1 xsvr e-^BQSBq b ajsw oiiof^ 
eiBlq donei"^ bedszloq lo eiow s-sinBi edi Jo asosl srfT .BltBUpB 
no ii--"-" --D s-TL9vr xedi bnB ^-Aoidi donl 1 Dan •il T X C saBls 
-X8 8iiT ,einBlq oiiBtipB briB ajCooi ,£)nB3 ei Idrr ditw eblBal edi 
-Sn^-iiB &3V/ iXBd [lolilBoqxe Ijsienea erfcf i^nlOBl. tioiiiitBq foliei 
«ixfotB aj-l .^-fo.flBa 8iL':foJ:q b 8B ijQsx; ed Mrjoo .ti. lBri;t oa be 
B QB beioistianoc fBl'iia sonBaalBnsi Y,liBe edi lo sbw eiuioei 
*-ne ail iaod:^sjoidi qoi edi iB bedainiJ bns tinemiBsii 'j.eiaBliq 
B i^nitBed ^ciuiBldBiae bevieonoo xlf^i^oileb b di lyr di^nuL e-iii 
Xd bebivib aBW 9iu:fBldB^n9 aidi lo ©seiil edT .aniu lo aelisa 



209 



triglyphs into ornamental panels, in which were inserted bas-^ 

reliefs, representing aquatic life. Two semicircular arch-ways, 

one on the south, the other on the west, gave admittance to the 

grotto. These entrances were flanked on each side by Ionic 

colonnades and surmounted by panelled and ornamented arches and 

soffits. The keys to the arches formed a group, representing 

a youthful Poseidon taming an aquatic monster, and the whole was 

finished at each end above the entablature by statuary repre*- 

senting a fisherman gathering fish and a female planting fry in 

the waters of the country. An ornamental net gracefully sus- 

pended between the urns above the entablature, spanned the en** 

the 
tire front and sides of the grotto, giving final finish to the 

outside of the structure. The whole of the outside was finish- 
ed in ivory white and gold. 

On entering the doorways a series of grottoes could 
be seen forming a passage to the rotunda. The ceilings of 
these grottoes were formed by groined fan or funnel arches, 
supported by Romanesque columns, pedestals and brackets. The 
space between each pair of columns formed a bay for one tank* 
The bases and sides of these bays were treated in rusticated 
stone work. The ribs and spandrils of the ceiling were tinted, 
those of the arched ceiling being blended from a sky blue above 
to a sea green below. The spandrils formed on the walls were 
embellished by paintings of aquatic animal and plant life. The 
columns, caps and bases were made of imitation Numidian marble 
and the rustic work in imitation of natural stone. Each of the 



J^ 



"ZBd bQii&Qal 6iew rfoiriw nl ,aX9njBq l&inemsaio o;tnJ: adqxl^l^i 
ta^j3w«iioi£ ifilwoi-lolmea owT .slli oi;fBupB ^niineseiqet .aleilei 
9ri;J oJ 9on£crcriml)B 8vj3?, ,:fa©w 9.rf;t no "tsrfcfo eiii ^d3uoa &d:i no e«o 
olnol YO' 9f)ia rio^s no btzinBll eisw aeonBiJns saerfT .oct^loig 
b£iB Bedo-is bs:tj36mBnio bn^ bellsnaq xd beinaomiua biiB asDjsnnoIoo 
ani^tnsaoiqei ,qnoia b I>era-io!t aerioiB 9ri:t o^ aYM erIT .actil^oa 
SBW sloriw erii f)n£ ^le^fanorn oicfjsupf; n£ animjsi nohieaol lulrfiuoM Js 
-eiqai Y'yBJi*B:ra yd ©ii/;Jj3ldB;Jn© siicf svocfii bne rioas :tB Iserialnil 
fll ^11 anlcfnslq sIbcisI b Ima rfen -^niieri-ctBa nBmie/lai^ £ :^nJ:.^n6a 
•*su3 YlIuleoBis cf&n Ii3;txiamiimo nA .^iitnijoo erl:^ lo aiecfsw adi 
-ne 9rf^ bgnnsqR ,9iifctBXdB^n9 ©rf^ 6vodj8 emu 9rf;t ne9w;t9d bebneq 
Qdi oi rfalnll IbhII gnivr-j. ,o.-r;foT[s 8ri;J lo a9i)la bnB Sno-it etli 
-rfainil 3BW eblaiuo sds "io slorlw sHT .9^u^0I;1cta erfcf 1o eJDlaJuo 

• Mos ba£ eJifiw Y^^fovi ni i)e 
i)Iuoo aeoiio-i^ to aeiiea js at^iw-fooi) edi^ -snlisincy nO 

lo asnilleo srIT .Bi>nL'ioi erl:t ocT saBaaaq a gniiniol nees 9d 

t39iloiB lennut to hbI x)9fliois ^cT ijsraiol- e-sew aao^t^toiQ easxlcT 

9r{T .a^ejIoBTd bn& alBd-aeJ^sq ^anmuloo enpaenBtnoH ^cd bedsoqqua 

• -An&i eno loJ y£»c1 b X>efljiol anrriuloo "io iiBq doB9 n©9wcf9d ©OBqa 

i)9;tB0.c^8ui ni f)e;JB9t:f eiew a^Bcf 9s©xi;t lo 8sf>ia i)n£ aeeBd 9xiT 

,i)9crnl;t 9f8W ^ntlieo edi to slttbtiBqa bns adi-x arfT .>i'iow ono^a 

evodB euld x^^^ b {^o^l fe9i)n9ld anied anilieo I)eIio^B edi lo saoilcf 

919W RllBW Qdi no l)9iniol aIiil)nBqa erfT .woled ngets ii98 b od^ 

arIT .9111 inBlq bn^ I.imr.n& o.Mbwpb lo a^niiaiBq x<i i)9f{a ill odm 9 

9lG-XBni riBiblmun noiv^Bitinii lo ebam eiew s&a&d bns aqBO ,anrauIoo 

Bdi lo riOBa .9no;ta IsiuiBa lo noiiBiiiml ni. sliow oi^Tsui 9ri:t briB 



210 



caps to the columns were carved differently, and represented 
fish, lobster, and other aquatic animals. Over each tank was a 
semicircular sash, containing ornamental cathedral glass of va- 
rious shades, which permitted only subdued light to enter the 
grottoes. The passageway through the grotto led to a large cir- 
cular rotunda surmounted by a semicircular dome, the soffit of 
which was embellished throughout with cassettes graduated from 
the springer line to the eye of the dome. The motive chosen 
for the ornamented parts of the cassettes was the water lily. 
A few of the panels were glazed for the purpose of securing a 
more brilliant light effect on the interior of the dome and the 
waters of the cascade, 8.nd the sides of the rotunda were wain- 
scptted with a richly ornamented pilaster treatment. The dome 
contained a large horse-shoe shaped basin, surmounted in the 
rear by an imposing arch with relief shell work, from the center 
of which a cascade issued. The sides of this basin represented 
regular rustic stone work, and the coping of the basin walls 
consisted of a bronze cast iron capping ornamented in water 
lilies. The cascade was enriched by an arrangement of natural 
rock and plants, and by artistic representations of manatees, 
otter, sea»-gulls, etc., executed in natural size. 

WATER SUPPLY. 
The water for the fresh water side of the Aquarium 
was supplied from one of the three mains laid to the Government 
building and connected with the city water supply, which is taken 
from the Chattahoochee River. Before entering the aquarium this 
water was passed through a pressure filter of the Jewell pattern. 



ts 



B 3SW jfHBd .r[0B9 'tsvO .alBisinB oi;ti3Jjpfi lerf^ro bna ^isiadol ^iatl 
-av lo asBlg lBii)9.1:tso iBctnsmBmo aniniB.:fnoo ^riasa iBluoitoiicea 

*io ^il^08 srfj (SmoJD iJ3lwoiioimea s ^d -baJntrom-fi;?. aiMu^tot -tBliro 
moil l)9:tBiTb^ia asicTsaase rfctiw trrod-3rnr.'i:; b^-Is fjiorfme ajsw rfoirlir 
neaoilo eviJom exlT . Gmcb f^xi:^ i- s^:s snj o;t anxi isaniiqa edcT 
• Yli:! i9;tsw 9ii;t aBw ascfcTeaaBo Qrf^t lo aii^q Ije^nsaismo eric? lol 
& ?3nxT«o68 lo eaoqiuq arfcT lol fessBlg aisw alsnjsq erit J-> WHt ^ 
9ii:> srnol) ed^ 1o 'toiieitii ed:i no ioBTie itri^il :trmiiliiu s'toia 

-nisv. 9-I9W BMu.^ot srf:^ ^o seJbia edi bna .ebBOQBO erfcT lo aie^jsw 
9moi) 6rfT .Jnemiiiei^ -recfsBliq beinomj^nno vldoit b d + iw ftscTctooa 
edi a.i be: .^.,,.- .,,a ^ni^Bd uyoisj-o yoaa-93'iorf ogiiil b iJonlBcTnoo 
^9;tnoo edi mat ,i["iow Ileria Isxisi di tw doia gniaoqral hb ycf ibs-x 
i^scJneasiqet nisBd ajff+ ^o 89l)i3 eriT .JbQyast niiijoeBO b dozdw to 
all/^'" .. ■;■; --::^ ;> >^niqoo v^ ' ^ • ,/;'.o:v yno^fa Di;t3xji -XBlu^ei 
i9iBW ni liOo^noccBmo anxqqao noil ;J3bo 9s^o^d b io bectalanoo 
iBiu^Bn 'io crnsKTesHB-nB n.,s Ycf benolins sbw obBnr.n.-.. r,rfT .^^p^.r'-r 
,a9s:fBa3m Io cii/oi:tjiJ,auoH-iq8i oi:taiJi^i Y^ ^^hb ^aJnBlq Das Aooi 
.esJ:a lB*m;tBn ai beSuosxe ,.oi9 < rjiXjja-ysa ,T9;tio 

.yjq<iT.ja HSTAw 

mrjiiBupA -v^ lo abia lej^ v u^b--^. sdj -^ol isIbw eriT 

itnsmmovoO erij od" oiBl anlian eeiricf arlcT Io eno moil bellqqua aaw 

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aidi nsjiiiBi/pB edi sni'tg^tn© stolsa .-isviH Qodoood&iiBdO oilJ moil 

{m9ct;tBq Il9weTi 9rii Io i9»Mil atiraae-iq B r{auoifl;t bsaasq aBW le^BW 



211 ( 



having a capacity of 20,000 gallons per hour, but as it had 
already been filtered at the city water works by the alum co- 
agulated process, it was unnecessary to use the alum provided 
by the Jewell filter. After passing through the filter the 
water was conducted to the aquaria through l«l/2" galvanized 
iron pipes, fitted with 1/4" brass jet cocks, and arranged hor- 
izontally above them. The waste water was carried off by means 
of an overflow pipe placed in the end of the aquaria near the 
top, and discharged into a trough emptying into a man hole con*- 
nected with one of the sewers. 

The salt water for the Aquarium was obtained at More*- 
head City, North Carolina, and transported in three tank cars 
loaned by the Standard Oil Company. It reached Atlanta August 
23rd, and was unloaded as soon as possible and placed in a large 
tank constructed for it under the aquarium. Its density when 
shipped was 1.021, temperature 80*; five or six days later its 
density remained the same but the temperature had fallen to 76'*^ 
and it was in excellent condition. 

The tv/o pumps used for circulating the water were of 
the Erwin-Welch pattern, having a power cylinder 4 inches in 
diameter, pump cylinder, 5 inches, stroke, 6-1/2 inches, suc- 
tion inlet to pump, 2 inches in diameter, discharge I-1/2 inches^ 
The power ends were of brass and the pumping ends of block tin 
hardened. They were built to operate under a minimum water 
pressure of 50 pounds, and were so designed as to lift the water 
through their suction a distance of ten feet and deliver it to a 
tank 30 ft. aboye ,each pump delivering 900 gallons per hour. 



b&d it QB ind t^uorf leq anollija 000 j OS lo x:\tosqBD b ^nlvBd 
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-lorf begnfi-TiB i)nB ta^Iooo ^6(, aajsid "i^\l i.-iJiw baiiil ,a©qiq no'ii 

anjism ^^i 'ilo i)9i-nB0 asw isetBW 9^aBW srfT .nssrfj svodB YllBcTaosi 

9r{;J *iB9n BiiBupB edi lo bns -ddi n,t beoBlq sqiq wollievo na lo 

•-noo elori hboi b oc^ni sniY^tqras rigii'OT;^ b oisil bs^iadoaib bn^ ^qoi 

• 3'iow9a edS 1o ano rf;tlw i)9;t09n 
-QToM :tB i)9n.tBd-do 3BW muiiBwpA 9rf;t lol isefBW ctlBa 9rfT 

aiBO >lnB^ ggirfet ni i)9cr*ioqanBid ba& tQniloi&O ditoVl x\^^^ bae^d 

^augjjA B.+ nBl;JA bQdo^ei J- 1 .^nBqnioO liO i)iBl)nB:r8 arlcT ^^ i>9nB0l 

9a*iBl B fii beoBlq DHB eldlaaoq 3B nooa 3B b9i)B0lnjj bbw bn& ^a-jCS 

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• noli ibaoo iaelleoKe vlI 3bw J-i bns 
1o giew 'js^Bw ed.t snl^Bluo-iio lol I)e3u aqrauq ov/;t 9rfT 

nl asriorti I' i9i)niIvo lov/oq b gnivad tn-iect^Bq rioIsW-niwiSI 8ri;t 

-0^8 tasiloni sXl-S ,92loi*Ja ,a9rionl S <'!i9l)niI"\io qmuq ,-i9o9mBii> 

asiloni sXl-I 9SiBrfo3i£) »i9;t9mBJ:i) ni a9rfoni S tqmuq oi ielal noli 

ali Jtoold lo abns gnlqcauq Qi-fj- dhjs aaBid "^'^ '^t9w abna 'i9woq 9rfT 

16:^ Bw miJKiiniijt b iQbnu eiB'ieqo oi illiici g-iew ^edT *be[iBbi&d 

•T«iBw eri:^ d-lil q$ qb ben-gleeb oa 9rf9W bnsi ,.abnuoq Ccl 'lo siiraaeiq 

» o;J ct'j: -I evil 96-'^ bffB togl .'-^ 'to eDfi3:t3ifo b noldowa ligrij- liTjUoi^i;;)' 

• liiod leq enoIlBg 006 8iii*ievJtl9i) qmuq riOBe, 9Y0£fB •i'i 05 siriB^t 



213 

i 



The pumps could be operated together or singly, but better re- 
sults were obtained by operating them together. The water for 
running them was taken from the main located under the Govern- 
ment building, the average pressure being about 80 lbs. per sq. 
inch, though it was often as low as 60 and sometimes went as 
high as 125 lbs. The salt water was forced from the large re- 
servoir below the floor by means of the pumps into the distri- 
buting tank, located in the southwest tower of the main build- 
ing 25 ft. above the aquaria, from which point it was distri** 
buted by gravity through asphalt-lined iron piping, fitted with 
1/4 inch hard rubber Jet cocks. The water was fed into the 
aquaria through l/s inch glass nozzles attached to rubber hose 
leading from the rubber cocks, which delivered it at the surface 
and forced air in with it. In addition to the surface supplies 
each aquarium was arranged so that water could be introduced at 
the bottom with 1/2 inch hose. The overflow was the same as on 
the fresh water side, except that it emptied into a filter box 
connected with the reservoir tank, and was thus filtered over 
and over again. The filter was a pine box 7* 6" long, 3* 10" 
wide and 16" deep, filled with gravel of different sizes, vary- 
ing from 2" to 1/4" in diameter, laid in courses, and covered 
with 2 inches of clean sand. The capacity of this filter was 
1400 gallons per hour. 

In November, finding that the temperature of the water 
was getting too low for the salt water fishes from the Gulf, a 
heater was made for regulating it. This was 8 ft. long, and 
made of 2 inch galvanized iron pipe, arranged like the ordinary 



;,ts 



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eaorf ,9dd^ oi DeriOB.^B asls^on bbbIs rionl sV riguotd^ bxib<;pb 
SOB-!-.,-. eriJ JB Ji 69i9vil9i) rioirfw , 33C000 leddiTi 9riJ moil aalijBsX 
aoilqqx/a eoBlti/a 9d* ot aoliilb^ nl .;fi diiw ni ,i,, ^^a^..^, j.^^ 
*B beoabotinl 6d W«oo ->9Jbw *Bri* aa b9anBf,,3aBW om-iBx,pB doBS 
no 3B amBa 9d.- aB^ voll-rsro 9dT .saod ,ioai s\x dJxw moJJod 9dJ 
xod leixri B oJni fcsiJqma c?x Jsri* Jqssxs ,9i>Xa is^fBW dastl sri* 
19V0 l>9-ie*Xll aL'd* SBW mb .Shb* txoY-i^aa-, erij dJxw fi9j = 9«„oo 
"OX 'c. .snox "S -T xod sniq b aBv. -rsJXx^ 6dT .niBaB i9vo fi«B 
-XiBV .aesxa Jna-ie^Xi, lo XevBig dJi„ fisxxil .qaafc "ax Mb eSlw 
i>ei9voo bdB ,a93-,uoo ni oIbX .tsJsmBxfi nx 't\l oi »a moil gal 
aa* -19JXX1 airK lo ^JIoBqBo sdT .6nB3 n69Xo lo asriarrX a dil» 

•tuori teq anoIXBs 00*X 
•i»*BW 9rij to eivieisqmst arii iMi ""ib-til .ladmavoH nl 

B ,1X00 9ri:j noil EsdaXl 19JBW il^a edi lol woX oo* saliies 36„ 

bns ,anoX .Jl 8 bbw aid! .;ti ani^BXagsi lot al>.<ws 8bw isjBari 

X-imtbio 9dn .^.'.;x bssmrjiB .sqiq no-tx beshi&vLiji ^oai S to abam 



213 



return bend steam heater. Under each section of the pipe 16 
gas jets were placed, and the entire apparatus was encased in 
a steel box. The heater was placed in the tower and so con»- 
nected that all of the salt water could be passed through it 
before entering the supply tank. By this means there was no 
difficulty in keeping the water at an even temperature of from 
60 to 63 when the air temperature was below the freezing point* 

In order to provide the necessary amount of air to 
the Aquarium a vertical hydraulic air punqp or compressor of the 
Bishop & Babcock pattern was erected between two of the aquaria 
on the salt water side. The water power cylinder of this pump 
is 4-»l/8" in diameter, the air cylinder (situated above the 
water cylinder) 6", and the stroke 8". The pumps deliver the 
air into the galvanized iron cylinder, where a pressure of 
about 7 lbs. per square inch is maintained, and from there it 
is fed through a s/s" pipe along the backs of the aquaria. At 
the back of each one the pipe is connected with rubber tubing, 
which passes down the back to the bottom of the tank. At the 
end of the tubing is a hard rubber cylinder into which wooden 
liberators are introduced for forcing the air into the water 
in minute globules. The air and water circulating plants were 
so arranged as to be entirely independent of each other, so 
that in case the water supply being cut off it was possible 
to maintain the air circulation. 



ai eqiq 9.ff;t ^o noictosa rioBB i&bnU .ia;tB9xl nxBQia Med aiuisi 

nt De3.5on9 sbw atiiJjsisqqB etiins edi bns .booslq e-xsw a^et 8.6s 

-noo OS i)aB •i9wo:f sri:^ ni i)90iilq a^w leiaed eriT .xod laec^a i$ 

it d^uotd:^ i)oaai>q sd i)Xuoo is.+jsw ilaa sdi Jo Lis isdi be:io&a 

on QBw eiedi aaBem aldi x^ -^^aBi zLqqua edi sniiscfn.-^ .vf >'ted 

moil -to Qtsji&'ieqmei nsve hb iB lacTj^w erfcT ?^qlq99>l ni >jcJIi;oriiii) 

.;^nioq saiseoil eri.t wolsd asw atu.^Bisqnie^ iIb edi narfw S3 o;? 08 

o.t ix£ lo ^rnuome V'^aaaeoan edi ebivotq oi tabio nl 
edi 10 loaaeiqtaoo lo qrauq i1b oiLustb^d l&oti-iev ^ muttsupA sricf 
Bi^i>iJpe 9if:? '±o owi aesvriBd buioQis asw mscT^tBq ijCooodBS ^ qodzlQ 
q^uq aldi lo lebnllxo iswoq lecTB?/ erfT .ebie isi^w :tlBs e-r; r,o 
8fl;f ftVodB beiBuiiB) ^eballxo txb er{^ ,i6i5m&lb ni "sV-^ al 
9f[.^ -tevileb aqmuq e/iT ."8 92loi;ta edi bus ,"a ii9i>nxlYo loctBw 
lo etiseaeiq & eiyrfw e'labnilYO noii f)fisir?BvlB§ eri.t .xtni -jIb 
a i:iiydi ffiotl Mb ,i39nlB:?xiiBra 3l rloni eiBupe leq .adX T cTuodB 
;tA .BiiBupB 9r[;J lo biIob6 sdi molB eqiq "sV b dai^o'irict bsl ax 
tanidi/cf -teddut di iw f)©cto©nnoo ai scriq 6di sno n'oBS 7o -.loBd erii 
edi iA .jfnB;? edct lo moctJod ed:^ oj jiosid sdi nwojb a©aaBq noiriw 
n9£)Oow doiiiw o.-tni isMiX'^o •t9ddi;i btad b ai 3nidir;t edct lo bne 
-leisv &di odai lis edi ;aniDiol lol beiMsboii n i eiB aio;fBi9diI 
916V/ a^tnBlq anidBluo-ilo le^tBW Mb liB erlT .aeiudolg aiimim ai 
08 ,i9rf:to r[0B9 lo inebneqebni Yl©"fi^n9 sd oJ sb bsgnBUB oa 
9ldia3oq asw ii Ho .tuo ^nied ^Iqqua i8;tBW sdi qqbo ni iBdi 

.fioI^Bluoiio liB sdi niBinxBm oi 



214 



COLLECTION OP FISHES FOR THE AQUARIUM. 

THe primary object being to show the commercial 
fishes of the :South, the collecting points chosen were More*- 
head City, N.O., and Pensacola, Florida, as they are important 
commercial fishing centers, and were accessible by rail. Mr# 
P. P. Hagan, who had had a valuable experience in the collection 
and transportation of fishes for the World's Columbian Exposi- 
tion, Chicago, Illinois, made the collections at Morehaad City, 
and transported successfully all the specimens secured at that 
point and at Pensacola. Lieut. Franklin Swift, U.S.H., in 
command of the U. S. Fish Commission Steamer Pish Hawk, furnish- 
ed two excellent loads from Pensacola. Arrangements were also 
made for securing supplies of anemone, lobsters, starfish, and 
other marine life from Woods Hole and Gloucester through the 
superintendents of the stations at those points. These were 
shipped by express carefully packed in sea weed or moss , and 
arrived in fairly good condition, considering the temperature 
existing at the time of shipment, and the length of time they 
were en route — from 4 to 6 days. 

The majority of the fresh water fishes were furnished 
from the U. S. Fish Commission stations at Quiney, Illinois and 
Wytheville, Virginia, and from the Fish Ponds at Washington, D.C. 
Collections were also m8.de from the Neuse River at Newberne, 



•MUIHAUPA SHT HOI erRTT^TTr qo PfOia'O'^ 



oajjoo 



Jnaj;tToqml- sib ve-^'t ps ^r.^ rcr 

.„ ,, " '^''■'"^ .-Ioo.a„e, fcn. ,.o.« ,.,,0 .«erf 

iOB..r,,./ B Lba ..,^a or:M .piB^sB. .q .^ 

, . ^ •^'^^'^^ .MooBsne^ is hns Snloq 

,:?iw-n a.x^ .-em^ecfS noieBimmoO rfalt .8 .u e,f. -.. • 
08XB eieiir 2;tn9ffie3ftRT-rA or^ 

mcTi 81,^01 ^nslieoxe ow;t be 
bets ^cielltBiB ,p•rc,-^'>,-fnr ^ 

erf. rfa.o,.:, -.s.aeo^orB ons eloK «.ooW „„,, ,,,, ,„,,^, ^^.,,^ 
. stow eaartT .aJnioc eaorW Jb ar-oij^ia «■" ■^. . 
^- . .ao„ .0 ..ew «ea „. ...,., ,,,„,,,,„ ^^^,^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ 

..nel arfj b„^ .JnemqWa lo .^m« erf* *a gnilaixe 

i>enai„,„i e,ew aerfan ,e..w riae,. e.. ,0 ,,n,oL^ 7,r ~ 
^- a.onaxi .„„,„p ,, 3„„,,^,3 ..oIaaiM.00 ria., .a .„ ,,, „„, 

951/9H Qff. oio'il eb^ OBls 8iew 3nOX^O6JX00 



215 



N.C., and from the Chattahoochee River in the vicinity of 
Atlanta. Hon* Jno. D. Edmundson, Superintendent of the Fish- 
eries of Georgia, also furnished specimens from a lake near 
Lulu ton, Georgia. Fungus developed on those obtained from the 
Nuese and Chattahoochee Rivers very shortly after their arrival 
and most of them died in a few days. ■ -*• 



The following is a list of fishes and other aquatic 
animals collected and exhibited during the Exposition. 



Sheepshead 
Croaker 
Spots 
Pinfish 
Pigfish 
Sea bass 
Tautog 
Trigger fish 



45 


Striped mullet 


St 


75 


Flounder 


2f 


50 


King fish 


¥ 


68 


Toad fish 


23 


68 


Cavally 


43 


102 


Swell fish 


10 


3 


Burfish 


4^ 


18 


File fish 


14 



^^.l 



•■ ♦'■'HI, •noli .i5cfn.5-;I*A 






9 

01 
hi 



Bliun beqi-xiS 


<ih 


tBbnsjQl'?. 


5V 


dsn snjtx 


Gc 


rfail bxioT 


sa 


XISbvsO 


Sd 


d^n lievB 


<J0I 


rfsiltwS 


s 


rfai^ &Li'Z 


BI 



e;toq8 
lis 11 '1835 If T 



216 



sting ray 


7 


Skate 


1 


Red drum 


15 


Pompano 


36 


Spotted sea trout 


11 


Red snapper 


37 


Red grouper 


4 


Black grouper 


17 


Mangrove snapper 


2 


Pensacola snapper 


1 


Cow fish 


23 


Lizard fish 


11 


Hog choker 


4 


Soup 


1 


Re mora 


1 


Bat fish 


1 


Tongue sole 


3 


Squirrel fish 


3 


Salt water catfish 


13 


Black drum 


1 


Sea raven 


13 


Sea robin 


8 


Spade fish 


29 


Mamraichog 


160 


Sea anemones 


102 


Lobster 


18 


Starfish 


20 


Conch 


25 


King crab 


9 


Blue crab 


42 


Hermit crab 


90 


Spider crab 


3 


Green turtle 


1 


Golden tench 


18 


Golden ide 


17 


Common tench 


140 


Carp 


75 


Goldfish 


328 


Crappie 


76 


War Mouth bass 


60 


Black bass 


156 


Rock bass 


70 


Suckers 


83 


Sunfish 


67 


Yellow perch 


61 


White bass 


10 


White perch 


22 


Gar pike 


60 


Pike 


35 


Catfish 


67 


Dogfish 


21 


Rainbow trout 


28 



I 

r'e 
V£ 
VI 

I 

II 

X 

I 
« 

I 

8 

081 

81 

as 
s^ 

81 

eas 

06 

ov 

Vd 

01 

03 

Vd 

8S 



eSBilS 


V 


onnqmo^ 


•31 


isqcfjSfjs .beH 


II 


•!i9q>;pig, 3ioBia 


^ 


'saqqBna Jiloo/jansSE 


2 


rfall fJiBslJ 


fiS 


qi/oS 


^ 


rfsl'i cTsa 


I 


rfail Istiiapa 


s 


rairrf) sfosia 


fil 


nidoT ij82 


fix 


^orio ImatM 


es 


TcecfadoJ 


SOI 


rfonoO 


OS 


cfBio ewIG 


e 


cfiJio i&i)iqa 


oe 


rfoae^ nejDioO 


X 


rlons^f nonicToO 


TI 


rfailAiroe 


av 


aajBd rfcfjjoM ibW 


oV 


98ad jiooH 


dai 


rf3ilni/8 


£6 


asBd ©criifW 


Id 


«allq ijsi) 


v<JS 


liail+jsO 


ec 


:?t;o-i^ wodnJ-Bfl 


IS 



^Bi ani;t3 

Jijoicf B88 i)9vfcfoq2 
i9quo-rs -bsH 
t&qq&m evoir^tiBli 
dalt woO 
•£93forfo 3oH 
atofflsH 
sXoa su^iioT 

nevBi fi95 

dan QbBqB 

Qenomena bsS 

datltaie 

CfBTO ^nlil 

sXcfiucr neeiO 
9bi nsbXoO 
q-fflO 
SiqqBiO 
aaBd iloBia 
at93toifa 
rfo-Ysq woIIsY 
rioieq e;tJ:rfW 

iial^goa 



217 



Black spotted trout 
Brook trout 
Alligator 
Snapping turtle 



18 
50 

1 
1 



Graylings 
Iiandlocked salmon 
Soft shell turtle 
Terrapin 



5 

106 

2 

7 



The average temperature of salt and fresh water for 
the months of September, October, November and December was as 
follows: 



Month 


Salt 


Fresh. 


September 


Max. 


Min. 


Mean. 


Max. 


Min. 


Mean* 


75 


65 


70 


81 




77 


79 


■i 

October 


63 


53 


58 


76 




63 


69.5 


November 


64 


52 


58 


62 




56 


59 


December 


63 


58 


60.5 


1 56 

1 




48 


52 



OARE OF THE AQUARIUM. 

In addition to the superintendent, there were employ- 
ed in connection with the aquarium, a machinist, to look after 
the pumps, filters, etc., 2 night watchmen, and 2 laborers, to 

clean the aq'S^ia, wash sand in filter, prepare food for the 

1. 

fishes, etc. 

The aquaria tanks were thoroughly cleaned once a week, 
Sunday being selected, as no visitors were allowed in the 
building on that day. In the fresh water tanks a perforated 
galvanized iron funnel attached to a rubber siphon was used to 



5 

aoi 
s 

V 



nomlaa be:iioolbn&I 



X 

I 






fol •i9;tBw iUetl bns iij^a ^o 



etuctBisqrasit s^siqva adH 



a. a«w ,o.,„aoea .„. ,3,„evoH .,e.o.oO .,e..o.,,3 to aK.„o„ e.. 



i2V/0ll0l 




*i9dm9:fqeB 

I9cfo;to0 

isdmsvoH 



►MUIHAUPA SHT -^O SHAD 



0^ ea.e.ocfBl S I>n. .nemno^.w Sri^tn . ,.o,. ^^.e^Ill ,aqn,.q erf, 
erf, to^ bool s-TBqe^q ,,9,Ii:t at bnaa rfaBW ,^1,^%^ 9ri, n.alo 

• 0^9 »a9dail: 
.^89w B 9ono beriBBlo xLd:^uo',odi e^ew a^n^, bIibbpb sriT 

erf, ni bswoIlB e^9w 8^o,iaiv on as ,i,s,09lea an.t9d ^^bnuP. 

Da^B^o-i-teq b a^nB, ^e,^w daett ed, nl . ,Bb ,Brf, no anlBlx.^d 

o:r /093L^ aBW noriqxa loddwr b o, D9rioB,,B lanniil no-ri DssiaBVlBa 



218 



draw the waste food and sediment from the bottoms, and about a 
gallon of Turks Island salt was distributed in each aquarium 
once a week as a disinfectant, sixty bushels being used for this 
purpose during the Exposition. In the salt water aquaria the 
sediment and other deleterious matter was caught and held in 
suspension by the sand filter. 

The food used was round beefsteak, beef livers, clams 
and fiddler crabs. The beef and liver were cut into small 
pieces and care was taken to remove all of the fat and sinews. 
All of the marine species except the trigger and file-fishes 
took the beef very readily, especially if it was slightly salt- 
ed. The trigger and file^fishes were fed entirely on clams. 
The fiddler crabs intended for food were shipped by express 
from Pensacola by Lieut. Swift from time to time as they were 
needed, and no difficulty was experienced in keeping them for 
an indefinite period in a box of slightly moistened sand. The 
fish were fed regularly once a day except Sunday, and seemed 
to thrive after they became accustomed to confinement. The 
heaviest losses of salt water fishes usually occurred just after 
their arrival, and were caused, apparently, by bruises received 
in transportation, though many specimens that were received in 
a badly bruised condition recovered entirely and were alive when 
the Aquarium was closed on December 31. A sudden fall of terap*- 
erature from 65* to 52" in the latter part of October caused 
the loss of all the pompano, and a number of red snappers, spade 

and cow fish. This defect in the Aquarium was cured by the 
fitting up of the heater. 



uj:oi 



.3 .ti/od^ t^n^ ,,.mo:fio6 edS moil cfnemXDsa Dn^ ^ool scTaaw eiicT w^iD 

mi/xii5i/p3 rfoBf, ni bei£;cfi'x;^aii, aBw ^i^a Dni^Ial a^tuT lo noll^j^ 

aW^ 101 Desa snle<f ale.de^d .,.^i8 ,^nBioel^.ta.tb s sb ^eew ^ sono 

erfi Biii^^pB i.tsw ilBa enct nl .noxcTiaoqxS sd^ gnlii;!, saoqti/q 

r:l Merf Dhb ^trlgu^o 3bw -isi:^^ BiioiisislBb leii^o Lhb inemiLsa 

.19^111 l)nB3 9d:r \'d noianQqatfa 
amjslo ,a-iavll lasd ,3lBe;?3lce8rf Jonuoi a£.^ beacj bool edT 

llama oSal iuo 01B^r -^evii D„fi ^9^0' eifT .acfBio lelJbbil baa 
• awenia bnB ;fBl eri^ lo IIb evomei 0^ hs^b.- sbw sibo Jdhb aeoeiq 
aeriail-sin Mb lossiicr erf.- jqsoxs aaiosqa eniiara edi Jo IIA 
-^-[38 Ncl:fr(sila aBW it li 'Ulsioeqae r^IibBsi .^st Issd erfd Moo:t 
.am.iIo no xletiine baJ 9191. asrfan^sin ba& laagiii 9rfT .Do 
eaeiqxs x6 beqqii^ eisv^ dcoI -ro'l bebaeini. adBio -lalbDll erf? 
ei(3w xedi 3B ami- oj smic^ moil ili^S ..^uelJ ^^d BlooBans'J moit 
io'l medi a«-tqo93£ ni b9on9ii9qx9 asw Y^Iuoillib on Dhb ^beijasn 
srfT .DHBa DenecTalom Yl-trl3il3 lo r.od b ni boiieq siianebrti hb 
bemoea Mb ^^BbnuB .^qeoxe ^Bb b sono ^IiBlxxr^si bet 919W rfan 
siiT .itnomsnilnoo o,^ .b9ffio:fa;jooB smBoed x&d) i9;tlB Bvlidi oi 
-iBits :fBul beiiuooo xn.^^si,u aedall lecTBw iiBa lo aeaaol iaeivB9rf 
l»avl9oei aealwid >^d ,Yl^n9iBqqB ,beau:,o giow Mb .iByliiB liedcT 
nl bsvleoQi 918W ^BricT ansfflioeqa xn^m rf^u^orT.t ,noiJBcrioqanBi^ ni 
nedw 9viiB 919W Mb Ylsiicfns bsievooei noUijonoo beaii/id -^bBd b 
-qmacr lo IIbI fi9i3bira A .l£ i9dm909(I no bsaolo 3bw muiiBispA Bdi 
beauBo i9do;foO lo iiaq i9:t;tBl srlcT nl "sa oi •33 moil 9ii/:tBi9 
9bBqa,3i9qqBn3 b9i lo i9drairn b bus .onaqmoq sdi II3 lo aeol 9rf;t 
edi xd b9iuo bbw rawiiBupA 9rf;t ni cr.D9l9b aiilT .rlail woo bnB 

.i9;JBeri ed) lo qu anii:tll 



219 



Owing to pressure of other duties the Representative 

returned to Washington on September 30, leaving Mr. L. G. Harron 

in charge of the Exhibit with the following assistants: W. P» 

Sauerhoff, in charge of fish culture, W.A.Roberts, in charge of 

accounts and office, and R. J. Conway, in charge of machinery. 

The Aquarium proved the most important and attractive exhibit 

on the grounds, and was always crowded to its fullest capacity 

even when the attendance at the Exposition was small. One of 

the important problems in the construction of an aquarium is 

to arrange so that it will not become overcrowded. Profiting 

by our experience at Chicago a passage way 12 ft. wide was 

provided, but people coming in from both ends soon packed it 

and it was almost impossible to move either way. This was 

largely due to the fact that there were fish on both sides of 

the grotto, and visitors going down one side returned on the 

other, instead of going out. This might have been avoided by 

placing a partition down the center of the aisle, but it would 

have marred the architectural effect of the grotto, which was 

much admired. 

The losses of fresh and salt water fishes were very 
t. 

small after the opening day, when a very heavy loss occurred 
t 

owing to the high temperature of the water and the insufficient 

supply, caused by opening up all of the fountains on the grounds. 
From time to time supplies of fish were brought in from the 
stations of the Commission and the field collecting stations, 
so that there was no perceptible change except that as the water 



svtiaineaeiqBH. erii seiiub isricTo lo eiiraasiq o.+ s^iwO 
noiiBH .0 .J ."tM sniTsel ,0€ -i9dm9:fqe2 no no^r^nMBBW oi hea-^uiQ-t 
.1 *W laiijBiaiBss an-twollo'i srfcf xlcTiw ii6Mx'S. edi 1o esiBilo^ ni 
10 93iBrfo nx ,3^i9doH.A.W .eiuiino dan Jo .r-iarfo ni ,'ilorfToufi'3 
.YienirfoBm ^o sa^Mo ni .^iswaoO . ;. .H b^,, ,..onio dh^ adniroooB 
iididxe 9vi«JoBi;t;j£ bns cTnB^toqwi cTsom sncr isevoiq muiisupA siiT 
YiioBqso *8eIIul a:ti o:r behwoio a^ciiwljs saw one ,ai)nuoi3 sd:^ no 
lo snO .iLsraa aijvr noiiiaoqxa er^- J -, sonaDns^cfxi a:io- nexiw nsvs 
3i muiiBupB HB 10 ^oic^ou^cr3^oo eii:f ni araeldoiq ^a&itoqml adi 
^nUtJoiq .beb^oiotevo sraooed ion lliw cfx Jj^rfct oa e^asiiB ocf 
3BW eislw .:M- SI ybw 93Baaijq s oaBoiriO cTb sonsiTsqx© -suo ^^d 
;fi i)53loBq nooa ai^ne ri^od mo-il nl sniraoo slqosq iud ,bebtvoiq 
SBW aiffT .^Bw ^9fI;tl9 svora ocT eldiaaoqmi :t30mlB aBW it bn& 
lo 396x3 dcTod no dail 9T9w e-xadi i»di io&l. &di oi ecb xl&:^i3l 
edi no baaiuisi ebia gno nwob gnxoa Qtoiialv bns »o;f:roi3 9ii.t 
Yd bebtovM fi99d evBrf cfriaira aixIT .Juo ^nxog lo iJBSctani ^lodcTc 
bluow a iud ,9laiB 9rii lo 'igcTnso 9d.:t nv/oi) noi.txJiBq b gnxoBlq 
BBW rfoxrfw ,o;t;tOTa edi lo .^09ll9 lB'iJj:Jo9;tidoiB 9rict D9'nBra evBri 

• be'iimhii doom 

Y19V 919W a9dsl.l i9c?BW ;tlB8 i)aB nasil Jo agaaol sni' 

l)9iiCTOoo aaol ^VBeri \'T9v b n9rfw ^vBb anJtngqo edi i&iJ& IIbtub 

Jn9ioil*laanl edi bna ^9^sw edi Jo 9iuiBi9qra8:t risxri Bdi oi §nivo 

.ai)n$joia Q^i no aniBctrijol edi lo ILb qu anin9qo xd baau&o tXlqqua 

9di rao-il ni idgnoid ^^9W rlax'i lo Qeilqqua esaii oi esnii raoi?. 

,8nol;Js;ta ani;to9lloo bleiJ edi bns nolaaimmoD edi 'io anoxctB^ta 

^8;^BW sdi qb i&di ;tq90X9 sartBrio 9ldxJq90i9q on sbw 9T9ri:t iBdi oa 



220 



became cooler the supply and varieties of trout were largely 
increased. 

PRACTICAL FISH CULTURE. 

To illustrate practically the methods employed at the 

various stations of the Commission two hatching troughs were 

8«pt.~. 

fitted up, one with gravel for the hatching and rearing of 

trout, one with trays for salmon, and a table with 8 McDonald 
jars for whitefish and other similar eggs. It was hoped that 
it would be possible to do practical work throughout the Exposi- 
tion, but owing to the high temperature of the water all the 
eggs shipped to Atlanta previous to December 4th died after 
being in the troughs and jars from 2 to 6 days. A consignment 
of 10,000 lake trout eggs received from Alpena, Michigan, on 
that date hatched on the 15th with a loss of only 300, thus 
showing that the previous losses had been due to the tempera^ 
ture of the water and not to the use of alum in its filtration. 
The water temperature was 54* on the day they were received, 
but it fell to 45* by the time they had finished hatching. The 
fry resulting from the eggs were held until the sac was absorbe<l 
and then planted in a pond near Atlanta, belonging to Mr. T.J. 
Bg^rnard. A shipment of 10,000 quinnat salmon eggs received 
from Baird, Cal., on the 10th attracted a great deal of atten« 
tion during the closing days of the Exposition, and added great- 
ly to this feature of the Exhibit. The fry hatched from them 
were planted in Clara Meer, a lake in the Exposition grounds 
about 30 acres in area. The following statement shows the numbers 



V»«.i'.V,^ 



.aHUTJUO Hai-? JA0IT0AH1 

Bdi iB bQXQlqms Qbodiam edi xLL&DXioaiiq eiBiiaulLl oT 

aiew Qd^isoii ^^ntdo^Bd ovfi nolaaimnioO erii lo saoliBia BisoitBY 

lo aniiB9i iDna sniiio;JBrf erfd" -lol I^VB^3 rf;tJ:w eno ,qjj l)9icMl 

ManoCIoM 8 diiir q1(SbS b briB ,non!lj88 ^ol a^Bi^t rf^iw sno ,;JuoT;f 

iBdi I)9qort asw il .aggs iBlimia -xsdio bna dailaJ'irlw io1 a^Bt 

-JtaoqxS 9ri;f ctwodsuoirfct 3(iow LBoiioBiq ob oi glcfiaaoq ad dIuow ^i 

9x1:^ iljs i9JtBw 9ff:t to 9T:u;tBi9qni9^ rl^irf oiii oi aniwo *L'd ,noi^ 

isJ'Ib beib d^h iedm909CI oJ ai/oivsTq BiuBliA ot i)9qqiji3 3339 

*n9mn§Jtanoo A .a^Bb 8 ocT S moil aiBt, briB adsuoiit eil:t ni snl9d 

nxO ,fiBgirioiM ,fin9qlA faoit i)9vi909i 333© isjoti bUbI 000,01 "io 

audi t005 xLno lo aaol b di i-w diQI sdi no bsrfoc^Bxl 9:JBb iBdi 

^•Bieqmsi edi qi 9jji) a99d bBd agaaol auoivsiq edi iBdi gnlworia 

■•♦noi^BT^tXil aii ni mjjiB lo eau odo oi .ton dhb laiaw srii lo eiui 

xbevlBoa-i eisv/ ^9^^ X^b eri.t no •t^S 3bw 9-iij;tBi9qmei T:9;tBW gxlT 

9rfT ,3nirio;tBjl badalnil bBd x&di smi:? 9d::t x6 'Sl^ oi IXel Ji iisd 

i)®;eho3dB 3BW oBa eri:! Itinu bled aiBw 8339 9fi;t raoil aai^tXiJaai "^il 

• L.T .iA? oi gnianoXed ^B^fnBXiA -iBsn l)noq a nx bginBXq neri:^ fonB 

hevteoei sa§9 noraXsa ctanniap 000, OX lo :ta9iiTqirla A ,bi&ntBS. 

^neiiB So iBeJi iBei^ b b&iOBiiiB diOl edi no j.XbO ,i)'fJ:Ba moil 

"iBQt^ b&bbs btiB ,noi:ti3oqxa edi lo hvsb giiiaoXo 9:1^ gniiui^ noi:r 

msri^t rao'il Jberio^Bxi Y*i*i ©^^ .Jidirlxa 9rf:f lo 9iniB9l aixti oi" ^I 

aLnuois noid-iaoqxS 9ri;t nX sjIbX b ,i99M bibXO ni. bsinBlq 9i9W 

a-rsdatrn 9ii;t aworfa ;?n9m9:tB:ts aniwoXXol &dT .boib ni as'iOB 0£ ;^fJ0dB 



221 



and kinds of eggs received and the results obtained from them: 



Date 


Source 

of 
supply 


it^Species 


No. eggs 

received 


Water 

temp. 

when 

rec'd. 


No. 
eggs 
& Pr^ 
lost 


No. 

hatch** 
ed. 


Remarks . 




Sept.22 


Baird 


■*'^ T 5^ "'*■ '' * i 

Salmon 


10,000 


81» 






Sept. 


.23;all dead 




Oct. 7 


If 


n 


5,000 


73* 






Nov. 


8; " " 




Oct. 21 


Alpena 


Tjake trout 


10,000 


66^ 






Nov. 


16; " " 




Nov. 1 


N 


n n 


10,000 


62» 






Nov. 


15; " " 




Nov. 15 


N 


Whitefish 


300,000 


60 • 






Nov. 


16; " " 




Dec. 4 


If 


Lake trout 


10,000 


54* ] 


.,000 


9,700*jDec. 


15;hatched 




Dec. 10 


Bair4 


Salmon 


10,000 


51* 


229 


9,771* 


Jan. 


1*. ".- 


L... 



• Nine thousand fry delivered to Mr. Barnard. 

• Pry planted in lake at Piedmont Park. 



At the close of the Exposition the fresh water fishes 
were planted in public and private waters in the vicinity of 
Atlanta; the majority of the salt water fishes were transferred 
to Washington and exhibited in the aquarium at Central Station. 
No attempt was made to remove the grotto as it irould have been 
seriously damaged in taking apart and transporting; besides this 
fhe Commission had no facilities for storing it in Washington. 
The aquaria, pumps, piping, supply and teservoir tanks were 
taken down and shipped to Washington, and afterwards turned 
over by the Acting Commissioner to the Commissioners of the 



:marf. „o-,l i,eni^.c(o e*i™r,-r e,« ,„^ ;„v^so., .sa. ,o al.„i^ ,n. 



i^B&b IlBjiSS.ctqeel 
" " ;dl. .vroJl 






;taoI'.i)»0 9i 



8oiuo8ii 
\Iqqtss I 



QiBd 



•I8 



*6d 



*oa 



bedoiBr{;dl .nsCT'OOT,©' 000,1 'l^S 

" ;i .rf.BLJ'ivv,€| ess ^ •le 



000,01 noinlBBi Jbf lBaiiss,;fqe8 

000, a n n -^ ^^^0 

000,01 };»x;o^ J 93(j8j| BnsqlAlllS .)oO 

000,01 »• « « :x .^0^ 

" 31 .70M 



000,008 rfallscririW 
000,01 iuo-x;f 93iBJ| 



!* .090 






asrfan le.-BW riae-il- erT.^ noiiiaoqxa 9n;t lo saoXo an:; ik 

^o Y^iniolv ericr rU a-is^JBw o^Bvitq Dhb oildi/q nl bedriBlq eiew 

.nox^TB^ta iBt^neO ^b mif^TBupB srW ni Decricfirfxe Dab noctsniriaBW ocf 

need evsrf Dli;ow ctx 3b Oo^ctois eri^ svomei o.:t e£.Bm bbw :fqm9cfdB of! 

alrf.^ aefeiaecf ;sn^;ttoqanB-rct Lab tiB,qs. ^niiks^ls ni h^.-^m.r.h ^lauoiisa 

.no:tgnir{aBW ni cTi: j^niio^ta lol ^^iiilioBl on i)Bn noiaaimffioO erfJ 

Sf9w axflB^ liov-ioae* Dhb Mlqqua ,sniqiq ,Bqt,i,q ,BiTBi;pB eiiT 

ijeniucr ai)iBW're;flB Dns .nocfsniiiajsW o;t beqqMa Dhb nwoD nejffi^t 

9riJ lo aienoioaiisiOToO 9ri:r o;t fgnoiaaJtraraoO gnictoA 6ri;t ^cf isvo 



222 



Zoological Park. As soon as arrangements were completed for 
the disposition of the Aquarium the Representative returned to 
Washington, leaving W. P. Sauerhoff in charge of the packing 
and re^'Shipment of all exhibits. This was completed in February, 
and all material borrowed from the Smithsonian Institution was 
returned in good condition. 

ACKNOWLEDCJEMENTS . 

To the diligence, intelligence, and experience of the 
employes of the Commission detailed to assist at Atlanta, the 
Commission owes much of its success, especially to Mr. L. Gr« 
Harron, who was in general charge of the Exhibit during the 
absence of the Representative, and Mr# W. P* Sauerhoff, who had 
charge of fish cultural work, besides superintending the packing 
and shipping of all material exhibited. 

The Commission is indebted to the Secretary of the 
Smithsonian Institution for loan of material and cases forming 
part of its Exhibit, also to the following parties, who contri- 
buted largely toward its success: 

Hon. Jno. D. Edmundson, Superintendent of Fisheries 
for Georgia, for assistance rendered in collection of fishes 
for the Aquarium. 

Col. R. H. Payne, Secretary Union Tank Line Company, 
for loan of tank cars for hauling salt water from Morehead City 
to the Exposition. 



.>^t^ 



OCT fe8n^i;;t9^ evIcJB^taeaetqeH srfj muiiBnpA orict lo noi^JiaoqeiD ericT 

3iiw noUu:f:.^.. nBlnoarijmi 3r.t nioi^r Dewo-x^ocf l^lteiBm Ub bns 

*aoJ:iibnoo booi] ni bsniircTei 

sncf lo eorr9iioq:i6 Ln£ , feont^gUlo^ni , eoneaiXiJb t,,i;t oT 

edi ,y.insIiA iB SBlaQB oi bBlUBieb noiaaimrfioO edi lo aexolqme 

• ^ .J .iM o:t Y-ClBiosqas .sssoowe 3;tJ: 1q rloinn -.-- -niaeiramoO 

9fl;f -nxinf? -^MidxS erfcT lo eai^iio I^iienea xii aBw oriw ,noii£H 

LBrf orfw .llorHeuBe .^ .W .^M i)nB ^erUBinseenqsK eri^ lo eoneecfB 

3nl3loBq Qdi sni£.n»;tni'X9qu3 a9i)i89cf .Xicw Ii5ijj;tlHo .:^n lo sgiB^-io 

.bsiicUrfxe iBlfeJjam 11b lo snlqqirfe i)nij 
erfcf lo x"i^ieiOBB edi oi b^idBbni al noieaimnioO ©dT 
3/!xm-vol se^BD baB I^i-rs^Bm Ic ri.ni ^ol floi:ti;^xianI ni^inoerictiria 
-i-x^noo or(w ,aeIc?iBq sniwollc^ biii od oal£ ,:Mdi/ixS ^il ^o i^^^q 

:aseooiT3 scfi btBrroi ylesir^I cecfjjcf 
aeliorfail lo ^nsbsiBinifequP. ,n-nr:nnTj!Hl>H .a .onT ,11011 
aerfai- -^ noj;?oaIJo5 ni bsiG^xisi eon^^aiasii -lol .^i^^weO ^ol 

.ffiuliBwpA Qd:i lol 

:XitO i)B9rf9i-oM motl 'ie:rBW ^Ib8 sniiuBxl -lol a^xBO jCabJ lo hboI -joI 

• noi^+jcaogxa eri;t o^ 



223 



Judge Hillyer, President Atlanta Water Works, for 
permission to take fish from lake controlled by his Company, and 
for co-operating in keeping a uniform pressure of water for 
operating the pumps. 

Capt. E. L. Tyler, Chief of Transportation, for loan 
of water carts for hauling salt water. 

M. M. Sullivan and Son, Savannah, Georgia, for as- 
sistance in collecting fishes and gift of turtle. 

To the Director General and Supervising Architect of 
the Cotton States and International Exposition, for assistance 
rendered in connection with the installation of the Aquarium. 

W. H. Baldwin, Jr., Second Vice President, Southern 
Railroad Company, for free transportation of tank cars contain- 
ing salt water, and special facilities provided for their move- 
ment without delay; also for free transportation of U. S. Pish 
Commission Car No.4 and crew from Washington to Goldsboro,N.C. , 
thence to Atlanta and return. 

Gen. George C. Smith, President and General Manager 
of the Alabama, Atlanta & West Point Railway, for hauling car 
and crew from Atlanta to Montgomery and return, two trips. 

Hon. Milton H. Smith, President Louisville and Nash- 
ville Railroad Company, for hauling car from Montgomery to 
Pensacola and return, two trips. 

The South Carolina Railroad Company, for free trans- 
portation over its line to Branchville, South Carolina and 
re turn • 



ijnBtXnBqmoO aid v,(i fcelloi^noo e-A£,l rrc-<*^ rf.- ^-i ..;•. ,.,^„ 

.aqmi/q 6d;t §^j:ii3^9qo 

"SB lol ,BisiQ90 ,(fBnnBVB8 ,1708 briB rmvijluE .M .M 

^o ;fop.tirio-iA 3fii8iviX!ii.fC. bnB I^ienaU lo.^oeTia ericT oT 

•ffluJtiBfjpA 9ri^ to no i ct fill jB:tg '-■■'■ --^rf-- 

ni9£[c^uo8 «;tiTei>ia9'iq soiV Jbnoo9c ,,-il .nl^fbl^c^ .K .W 

-niB:tnoo s^Bo j^nii;t to nol^tjecr-roqanBi^ 99it i.ol ^xjnBqmoD &BC--r^BH 

-svoai -f.t9£f^ io'> fSebJtvr-rcT 89i;tirioj „^ 

rf8i^ ... .; ,,, nc x..:;jicq2nBi;t asil 'ic-i osljb ;\cijl9b :ti/ori:flw ^nsm 

,.0.PItO-iodai)IoO ocf no:tsnlrfaBW rnoit weio ijnB i^.oFf i^O croiesiimoO 

*a(TlT:+ ow:t ,rfTr':t-- br-B \'T9mo^;tnoM nt .,,:^a.^xjA mo-.:. ...-., i-^- 

0.^ Xiaao^SnoU moil tso gnlluiiri lol .^^nBomoD l>.soi.riBH elliv 

.gq.f-r^ <y^:^ ,' ■ ; . ^•: ,^an9^ 

~aii/>-f;t 9911 -lol ,xn£qraoO bBOillBH jsniXo-iBO riJiioS en'T 

i;£ii? Bciiloi&O liihoB , all ivrfooBia o.^ snll ai i levc nol;rjSo*ioq 

• mil J 91 



224 



Mr. ?• J. Jette, Superintendent of Transportation, 
Central Railroad of Georgia, for transportation of car and crew 
from Atlanta to Albany, Georgia, and return* 

COST OP THE EXHIBIT. 

The total cost of preparation, maintenance and re»* 
turn of the exhibits of the Commission, including the Aquarium, 
was $20,689.80. The following statement shows the objects for 
which the money was expended. 

Exhibits and furniture, I 605.12 

Transportation, »...., 2,475.95 

Installation and maintenance, 1,367.48 

Packing and re-packing, 1,935.22 

Miscellaneous expenses, 191.52 

Construction of Aquarium, 10,898.78 

Installation and maintenance of Aquarium, 2, 37 2. 35 

Stocking of Aquarium, 845^58 

Total: #20,689.80 

¥.de C. Ravenel 
Representative, U.S. Commission of Pish & Pisheries. 



12388 



170 



*'lll?.to>l 



♦rnjjctei i)nB ,b1s-xo0x) ^xn&dlA oi sinBliA moil 

.TiaiHXS ai{T -iO T800 

»*oi i)n-6 GonjsnsctnlBfn ,nol;fBisqetq "io iaoo isioi srfT 
effluiiBJJpA srict snii)jJlDnl ,noi8airarncO sdi "lo aiidirixe Bdi Jo aiui 
tot aio&ldo edi aworfa iaot^Bli^is s^iv/ollo'^i- ^-"^'^ »08»G8d,0S| a«w 

• i)oi)n9qx& bbut Y^nora 9ri;t riolrfw 

SI.60d t ,9ii)*iniu!r i)nB s;tidlrfxa 

S9,aT^,S ^noliB^fioqenBiT 

8^»Vdfi,J ....,,.,. tQonaiieiiiiam baa aoii&LLBianl 

SS.efiG,! f^^nlilo&q-^Qi bns §ni?loB*I 

2?. .lei ^aeaneqxs anosnjsIIsoaiM 

8V»8e8,0I .,,, ^maitaupA lo noi-iouiianoD 

fiS.SV£«S^rajji:*iBJjpA lo BonBiieiciiBm briB aoldBlI&S&nl 

8g«£^8 4 . . , ^mui'iijupA Io ,;:i:ioo:t8 

O8.e3a,0g| :Ii5doT 

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